Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Girman Fakitin da Tsarin Ƙafar
- 3. Ƙididdiga da Halaye
- 3.1 Cikakken Iyakar Ƙididdiga
- 3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- 4. Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
- 4.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV)
- 4.2 Haɗaɗɗen Lambar Rukuni
- 4.3 Rarraba Launi
- 5. Lanƙwasa Ayyuka na Yau da Kullun
- 6. Jagorar Mai Amfani da Bayanin Haɗawa
- 6.1 Tsaftacewa
- 6.2 Tsarin Siyar da Guduro
- 6.3 Fakitin: Tef da Reel
- 7. Gargaɗi da Bayanan Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Amfani da Amincewa
- 7.2 Ajiya da Sarrafawa
- 8. Tunani na Ƙira da Binciken Fasaha
- 8.1 Tuƙi LED
- 8.2 Sarrafa Zafi
- 8.3 Ƙirar Gani
- 8.4 Rarraba a cikin Ƙirar Tsarin
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha don na'urar haske mai hawa a saman (SMD) LED mai lambar LTST-008UWVSWT. Wannan kayan aiki LED ne mai launuka biyu, wanda ya haɗa tushen haske fari da na rawaya a cikin fakitin guda ɗaya mai ƙarami. An ƙera SMD LED don tsarin haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik, yana ba da fa'idodi a cikin ingantaccen masana'antu da kuma ba da damar amfani a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari.
1.1 Siffofi
- Ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
- An yi fakitin a cikin madaidaicin tef 12mm akan reels masu diamita inci 7 don sarrafawa ta atomatik.
- Madaidaicin ƙafar fakitin EIA.
- Halayen tuƙi masu dacewa da Ƙirar Lantarki (IC).
- Cikakken dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik (pick-and-place).
- Ya dace da amfani da hanyoyin siyar da guduro ta infrared (IR reflow).
- An riga an shirya shi don sauri zuwa Matakin Hatsarin Danshi na JEDEC 3.
1.2 Aikace-aikace
Wannan LED ya dace da kewayon kayan aikin lantarki inda ake buƙatar nuna matsayi, hasken baya, ko hasken ado. Yankunan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
- Kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya, wayoyin hannu).
- Na'urorin sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin tebur, tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa).
- Kayan amfani na gida.
- Kayan aikin masana'antu.
- Alamun kasuwanci da aikace-aikacen nuni na cikin gida.
2. Girman Fakitin da Tsarin Ƙafar
An saka LED a cikin madaidaicin fakitin SMD. Duk girmansa an bayar da su a cikin milimita (mm) tare da juzu'in gabaɗaya na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Kayan aikin yana da ƙafafu da yawa don sarrafa tushen haske biyu daban.
Tsarin Ƙafar don LTST-008UWVSWT:
- LED Fari (Tushen InGaN Blue):An haɗa shi da ƙafafu (0,1) da 2.
- LED Rawaya (Tushen AlInGaP):An haɗa shi da ƙafafu 3 da 4.
- Ƙafafu 5, 6, da 7 an lura da su a matsayin mara haɗi (babu haɗi).
Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya waɗanda ke ƙayyadadden tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, da tazarar ƙafar an haɗa su a cikin takardar bayani. Haka kuma an ba da tsarin ƙafar haɗawa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da ingantaccen siyar da guduro da sarrafa zafi.
3. Ƙididdiga da Halaye
3.1 Cikakken Iyakar Ƙididdiga
Matsaloli fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙididdiga an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.
| Ma'auni | LED Fari | LED Rawaya | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rushewar Wutar Lantarki | 102 | 84 | mW |
| Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (1/10 Duty Cycle, 0.1ms Pulse) | 100 | 80 | mA |
| Halayen Gaba na DC | 30 | 30 | mA |
| Kewayon Zafin Aiki | -40°C zuwa +85°C | ||
| Kewayon Zafin Ajiya | -40°C zuwa +100°C |
3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
Ma'auni na yau da kullun da aka auna a Ta=25°C da halin gaba na yanzu (IF) na 20mA.
| Ma'auni | Alama | LED Fari | LED Rawaya | Naúrar | Yanayi / Bayanin Kula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (Mafi ƙarancin) | Φv | 4.15 | 1.25 | lm | Bayanin Kula 1 |
| Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (Mafi Girma) | Φv | 11.4 | 3.75 | lm | Bayanin Kula 1 |
| Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (Mafi ƙarancin) | IV | 1500 | 450 | mcd | Bayanin Kula 2 |
| Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (Mafi Girma) | IV | 2900 | 1350 | mcd | Bayanin Kula 2 |
| Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2) | 2θ1/2 | 130 | - | ° | Bayanin Kula 3 |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon | λd | - | 585 - 595 | nm | Bayanin Kula 4 |
| Rabin Faɗin Tsarin Tsawon Tsawon | Δλ | - | 15 | nm | |
| Ƙarfin Gaba (Mafi ƙarancin) | VF | 2.8 | 1.8 | V | Bayanin Kula 5 |
| Ƙarfin Gaba (Mafi Girma) | VF | 3.4 | 2.8 | V | Bayanin Kula 5 |
| Halin Baya (Mafi Girma) | IR | 10 | 10 | μA | VR=5V, Bayanin Kula 6 |
Bayanin Kula:
- Ana auna ƙarfin haske tare da firikwensin/tace wanda ke kusantar da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
- An ba da ƙarfin haske (a cikin millicandelas) don tunani.
- Kusurwar dubawa ita ce cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial.
- Matsakaicin tsawon tsawon yana ƙayyadadden launin da ake gani akan zanen launi na CIE.
- Juzu'in ƙarfin gaba shine ±0.1V.
- Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki tare da bambance-bambancen baya ba; wannan gwajin don cancantar IR ne kawai.
4. Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
Ana rarraba LED ɗin bisa ga mahimman ma'auni na gani don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Bayanin rarraba yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da saye.
4.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV)
Duka LED ɗin fari da rawaya ana haɗa su cikin rukunoni bisa ga ƙarfin haskensu da ƙarfin hasken da ya dace a 20mA. Kowane rukuni yana da juzu'i na ±11%.
Rukunin LED Fari:
- W1:4.15 - 5.80 lm (1500 - 2100 mcd)
- W2:5.80 - 8.10 lm (2100 - 2900 mcd)
- W3:8.10 - 11.40 lm (2900 - 4100 mcd)
Rukunin LED Rawaya:
- Y1:1.25 - 1.80 lm (450 - 650 mcd)
- Y2:1.80 - 2.60 lm (650 - 930 mcd)
- Y3:2.60 - 3.75 lm (930 - 1350 mcd)
4.2 Haɗaɗɗen Lambar Rukuni
Lambar alfanumerik guda ɗaya (A1 zuwa A9) akan alamar samfur tana haɗa rukunin ƙarfin fari da rawaya (misali, A1 = W1 & Y1, A4 = W2 & Y1).
4.3 Rarraba Launi
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Rawaya:An rarraba shi zuwa kewayon biyu: AU (585-590 nm) da AV (590-595 nm), tare da juzu'i na ±1 nm.
Launin Fari:Matsayin launin LED ɗin fari akan zanen launi na CIE 1931 an rarraba shi zuwa yankuna da yawa (Z1, Y1, Y2, X1, W1, W2), waɗanda aka ƙayyade ta takamaiman iyakokin ma'auni (x, y). Juzu'in kowane rukuni na launi shine ±0.01 a cikin ma'auni na x da y. An ba da zanen launi a cikin takardar bayani don tunani na gani.
5. Lanƙwasa Ayyuka na Yau da Kullun
Takardar bayani ta haɗa da siffofi na mahimman halaye don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'ira da fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan lanƙwaso sun haɗa da:
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Halin Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu ga duka launuka.
- Ƙarfin Gaba da Halin Gaba:Yana kwatanta dangantakar IV.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna raguwar zafi na fitar da haske.
- Rarraba Tsarin Tsawon Tsawon:Ana iya nunawa ga LED ɗin rawaya, yana nuna matsakaicin tsawon tsawon fitarwa da faɗin tsarin tsawon tsawon.
Waɗannan lanƙwaso suna da mahimmanci don hasashen aiki a aikace-aikacen da ke cikin duniyar gaske inda halin yanzu ko zafin zai iya bambanta.
6. Jagorar Mai Amfani da Bayanin Haɗawa
6.1 Tsaftacewa
Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai waɗanda ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata fakitin LED. Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyar da guduro, nutsar da LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.
6.2 Tsarin Siyar da Guduro
LED ɗin ya dace da hanyoyin siyar da guduro ta infrared (IR reflow). An ba da shawarar bayanin reflow don guduro marar gubar (Pb-free), wanda ya bi ka'idojin J-STD-020B. Wannan bayanin yana ƙayyadadden yankunan zafi masu mahimmanci (dumi-dumi, jiƙa, kololuwar reflow, sanyaya) da iyakokin lokaci/zafi don tabbatar da ingantattun haɗin guduro ba tare da lalata LED ba.
6.3 Fakitin: Tef da Reel
Ana samar da abubuwan a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da tef ɗin kariya, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7 (178mm). Muhimman ƙayyadaddun fakitin sun haɗa da:
- Tazarar aljihu da girmansa don ciyarwa ta atomatik.
- Diamita na cibiyar reel, diamita na gefe, da faɗi.
- Madaidaicin adadi: guda 4000 a kowane reel.
- Mafi ƙarancin adadin oda don ragowar: guda 500.
- Yin bin ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481.
7. Gargaɗi da Bayanan Aikace-aikace
7.1 Amfani da Amincewa
An ƙera waɗannan LED ɗin don amfani a cikin madaidaicin kayan aikin lantarki. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincen da ya fi na yau da kullun inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, na'urorin likita, tsarin aminci), ana buƙatar tuntuba na musamman da cancanta kafin ƙirar.
7.2 Ajiya da Sarrafawa
- Fakitin da aka rufe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% Danshi na Dangi (RH). Abubuwan suna da lokacin amfani da aka ba da shawarar na shekara guda lokacin da jakar hana danshi tare da desiccant ta kasance a rufe.
- Fakitin da aka buɗe:Idan an buɗe jakar hana danshi, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka fallasa ga yanayin muhalli yakamata su sha siyar da guduro ta IR reflow a cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) don hana lalacewar da danshi ya haifar (\"popcorning\") yayin reflow.
8. Tunani na Ƙira da Binciken Fasaha
8.1 Tuƙi LED
Don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da dogon rayuwa, tuƙi LED tare da tushen halin yanzu na akai, ba ƙarfin wutar lantarki na akai ba. Halin aiki da aka ba da shawarar shine 20mA, tare da cikakkiyar matsakaicin halin DC na 30mA. Daban-daban ƙarfin gaba (VF) na LED ɗin fari (~3.2V na yau da kullun) da rawaya (~2.3V na yau da kullun) dole ne a yi la'akari da su lokacin ƙirar da'irar tuƙi, musamman idan za a yi amfani da su daga layin wutar lantarki ɗaya. Ana buƙatar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere ko na'urar tuƙi ta LED ta musamman.
8.2 Sarrafa Zafi
Duk da cewa SMD LED suna da inganci, wani ɓangare na wutar lantarki da aka shigar ana watsa shi azaman zafi. Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsawa shine 102mW ga LED ɗin fari da 84mW ga LED ɗin rawaya. Ingantaccen ƙirar zafi na PCB, gami da isasshen yanki na ƙafar tagulla da yuwuwar ramukan zafi, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakokin aminci, musamman a manyan yanayin zafi ko halayen tuƙi. Lanƙwasa raguwa (Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Zazzabi) yana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin ya tashi.
8.3 Ƙirar Gani
Faɗin kusurwar dubawa (130° don fari) ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi ko ganin kusurwa mai faɗi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai mai da hankali, ana buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu (misali, ruwan tabarau). Yanayin launuka biyu yana ba da damar ƙirar alamomin matsayi masu launuka biyu (misali, fari don \"kunna,\" rawaya don \"jiran aiki/caji\") a cikin ƙafar guda ɗaya, yana adana sararin allo.
8.4 Rarraba a cikin Ƙirar Tsarin
Bayanin rarraba da aka bayar yana da mahimmanci don cimma daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samfurin ƙarshe, musamman lokacin da ake amfani da LED da yawa a cikin jeri ko don hasken baya. Masu ƙira yakamata su ƙayyade lambobin rukuni da ake buƙata ga mai sayar da su don tabbatar da cewa LED ɗin ya cika buƙatun ado da aiki na aikace-aikacen. Haɗa rukunoni daga rukunoni daban-daban na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen launi ko haske da ake iya gani.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |