Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED 0603 Kori - Girman 1.6x0.8x0.6mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.8-3.8V - Ƙarfin Wuta 80mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙaramin Na'urar Hasken Diode (LED) mai Haɗawa da Surface-Mount (SMD) a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin 0603. An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don haɗa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) ta atomatik kuma yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. LED yana fitar da hasken kore ta amfani da kayan semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride), yana ba da tushen haske mai haske da inganci wanda ya dace da kewayon kayan lantarki na zamani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Manyan fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙaramin girman sa, dacewa da injinan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik, da kuma dacewa da manyan hanyoyin solder na komawar infrared (IR). An ƙera shi don cika RoHS (Ƙuntataccen Abubuwa masu haɗari). Kasuwannin manufarsa sun mamaye kayan lantarki na mabukaci, sadarwa, kwamfuta, da kayan aikin masana'antu. Aikace-aikacen al'ada sun haɗa da alamomin matsayi, hasken baya don allon gaba da maɓallan maɓalli, hasken sigina, da hasken kayan ado a cikin na'urori kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin hannu, kayan aikin sadarwa, kayan aikin gida, da alamun cikin gida.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken rarrabuwar halayen lantarki, na gani, da na zafi na LED. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar amintacce da haɗin kai.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙima yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. An ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimar a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wuta (Pd):80 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar da kunshin LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinsa ba.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na gaggawa da aka yarda, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) don hana yin zafi sosai.
• DC Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):20 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki na yau da kullun.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. An tabbatar da cewa LED zai yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki ba a cikin wannan kewayon.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na ayyuka na yau da kullun da aka auna a Ta=25°C da I_F=20mA, sai dai idan an lura daban.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (I_V):450 - 1400 mcd (millicandela). Wannan ma'auni ne na hasken da idon ɗan adam ke gani na LED. Faɗin kewayon yana nuna cewa ana samun na'urar a cikin kwandon haske daban-daban (duba Sashe na 3).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 110 (na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken gani ya rabi na ƙarfin da aka auna akan-axis (digiri 0). Kusurwar digiri 110 tana nuna tsarin dubawa mai faɗi, watsawa.
• Tsawon Zango Mafi Girman Fitowa (λ_P):518 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsawon zango inda ƙarfin hasken gani ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):520 - 535 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ya fi dacewa da launin fitowar hasken LED. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):35 nm (na al'ada). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko faɗin bandejin hasken da aka fitar, wanda aka auna azaman cikakken faɗi a rabin matsakaicin (FWHM) na bakan fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):2.8 - 3.8 V a I_F=20mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudanar da wutar lantarki. Kewayon yayi daidai da kwandon wutar lantarki daban-daban.
• Ƙarfin Koma Baya (I_R):10 μA (max) a V_R=5V. Ba a ƙera LED don aikin karkatar da baya ba. Wannan ma'auni da farko don gwajin tabbatar da inganci.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bisa ma'auni na aiki mai mahimmanci. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatu don haske, launi, da ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F)

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bisa faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a 20mA. Kowane kwando yana da juriya na ±0.1V. Kwandon sune: D7 (2.8-3.0V), D8 (3.0-3.2V), D9 (3.2-3.4V), D10 (3.4-3.6V), da D11 (3.6-3.8V). Zaɓin LED daga V ɗaya_Fkwandon yana taimakawa tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya.

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (I_V)

Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar haske zuwa kwandon ƙarfi guda biyar, kowannensu yana da juriya na ±11%. Kwandon sune: U1 (450-560 mcd), U2 (560-710 mcd), V1 (710-900 mcd), V2 (900-1120 mcd), da W1 (1120-1400 mcd). Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa buƙatun hasken aikace-aikace.

3.3 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d)

Launi (hue) na hasken kore ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar rarraba tsawon zango mai rinjaye, tare da juriya na ±1nm kowace kwandon. Kwandon sune: AP (520-525 nm), AQ (525-530 nm), da AR (530-535 nm). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin LED da yawa a cikin nuni ko jerin alamomi.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Hoton hoto na halayen LED yana ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayensa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da lanƙwasa na al'ada don waɗannan alaƙa (duba takardar asali don takamaiman zane-zane).

4.1 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

An ba da zanen tsarin ƙasa don ƙirar faifan solder akan PCB. An inganta wannan tsari don amintaccen solder yayin hanyoyin komawar IR, yana tabbatar da samar da fillet ɗin solder daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan jadawalin yana kwatanta yadda fitowar haske (a cikin mcd) ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙara ƙarfin gaba. Gabaɗaya yana da layi daya a cikin kewayon amma zai cika a cikin wutar lantarki mai yawa saboda tasirin zafi da raguwar inganci.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna dogaron zafi na fitowar haske. Yawanci, ƙarfin hasken gani yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi. Fahimtar wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Wannan makircin yana nuna ƙarfin hasken gani na dangi da aka fitar a cikin tsayin zango daban-daban. Yana tsakiya a kusa da tsayin zango mafi girma (518 nm) kuma yana da siffar halayya da aka ayyana ta hanyar rabin faɗin (35 nm).

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED yana zaune a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin EIA 0603. Manyan girma (a cikin milimita) sun haɗa da tsawon jiki na 1.6mm, faɗin 0.8mm, da tsayi na 0.6mm. An yiwa tashoshi na anode da cathode alama a sarari. Duk ƙimar girma na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade daban. An ba da cikakken zanen girma a cikin takardar bayanin asali.

5.2 Tsarin Faifan PCB da Aka Shawarta

5.3 Gano Polariti

Kunshin LED yana da alama ko takamaiman siffa (sau da yawa notch ko kore dot) don gano tashar cathode. Dole ne a kiyaye polariti daidai yayin haɗawa don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Komawar IR da Aka Shawarta

Don hanyoyin solder marasa gubar, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin yanayin zafin komawa, wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da yankin pre-heat (150-200°C, max 120 sec), matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin sama da ruwa (TAL) wanda ya dace da man fesa solder da aka yi amfani da shi. Bangaren zai iya jure wa wannan bayanin matsakaicin sau biyu.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Na'urori masu hankali da ba a buɗe ba, ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi, ya kamata a adana LED a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Abubuwan da aka fallasa zuwa iskar yanayi fiye da sa'o'i 168 suna buƙatar tsarin gasa (kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48) kafin komawa don hana "popcorning" ko rabuwa yayin solder.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, kawai ƙayyadaddun abubuwan kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol ya kamata a yi amfani da su a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kunshin LED.

6.4 Solder da Hannu

Idan ana buƙatar solder da hannu, zafin ƙarfe na solder bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin solder ya kamata a iyakance zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace tasha. Ya kamata a yi solder da hannu sau ɗaya kawai.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da LED akan kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto mai faɗin 12mm wanda aka nannade akan reels mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 4000. Girman kaset da reel sun yi daidai da ma'auni na ANSI/EIA-481 don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan haɗin gwiwar atomatik.

7.2 Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda

Matsakaicin adadin shiryawa shine guda 4000 kowace reel. Ana samun mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500 don adadin saura.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

LED na'urori ne masu tuka wutar lantarki. Don daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin da ake amfani da LED da yawa a layi daya, kowace LED ya kamata a tuka ta da nasa resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki wanda aka haɗa a jere. Tuka LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller yana buƙatar tabbatar da ikon samar da wutar lantarki/ nutsewa na fil ɗin da jimlar V

na sarkar LED suna cikin iyakokin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin._F8.2 Abubuwan Ƙirƙira

Iyaka Wutar Lantarki:

• Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jere ko direba mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki akai-akai don saita wutar aiki zuwa 20mA ko ƙasa da haka don ci gaba da aiki.Gudanar da Zafi:
• Yayin da kunshin yake ƙanƙanta, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan yana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin wutar lantarki don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.Kariya ta ESD:
• Ko da yake ba a bayyana a sarari ba, ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kulawa na ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) na al'ada don na'urorin semiconductor yayin haɗawa.9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED kore 0603, dangane da fasahar InGaN, yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar AlGaInP (da ake amfani da shi don ja/rawaya), InGaN yana ba da inganci da haske mafi girma don tsayin zango na kore da shuɗi. Kunshin 0603 yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta ƙafafun LED na SMD da aka daidaita, yana ba da tanadin sarari mai mahimmanci akan manyan kayan aiki kamar 0805 ko 1206. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 110 ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin ganuwa, sabanin LED masu kunkuntar kusurwa da ake amfani da su don haske mai mai da hankali.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Shin Zan iya tuka wannan LED kai tsaye tare da wadata na 5V?

A'a. Haɗa wadata na 5V kai tsaye a kan LED zai haifar da wutar lantarki mai yawa, mai yiwuwa ya lalata shi nan take. Dole ne koyaushe kuna amfani da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki na jere. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V

wadata_{- V}) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadata na 5V, V_Fna 3.2V, da kuma I da ake so_Fna 20mA: R = (5 - 3.2) / 0.02 = 90 ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 91-ohm ko 100-ohm zai dace._F10.2 Me yasa akwai irin wannan faɗin kewayon a cikin ƙarfin hasken gani (450-1400 mcd)?

Wannan kewayon yana wakiltar jimlar yaɗuwa a duk samarwa. Ta hanyar tsarin rarrabawa (Sashe na 3.2), ana rarraba LED zuwa takamaiman, ƙananan kewayon haske (misali, U1, V2, W1). Masu ƙira na iya ƙayyade takamaiman lambar kwandon lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da LED tare da daidaitaccen haske da haske mai hasashe don aikace-aikacensu.

10.3 Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon zango mafi girma da tsawon zango mai rinjaye?

Tsawon zango mafi girma (λ

) shine tsayin zango na zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin hasken gani, kamar yadda ma'aunin bakan ya auna. Tsawon zango mai rinjaye (λ_P) ma'auni ne na ilimin halin ɗan adam; shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya da idon ɗan adam kamar fitowar bakan mai faɗi na LED. λ_dya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a cikin aikace-aikacen gani._d11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi na LED da yawa don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.

Allon yana buƙatar LED kore 10 don nuna ayyukan haɗin kai akan tashoshi daban-daban. Daidaiton haske da launi suna da mahimmanci don kamannin ƙwararru.Zaɓin Bangaren:

1. Ƙayyade LED daga kwandon Ƙarfi ɗaya (misali, V1: 710-900 mcd) da kwandon Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye ɗaya (misali, AQ: 525-530 nm) don tabbatar da daidaiton gani.Ƙirar Da'ira:
2. Ƙirar da'irori guda goma iri ɗaya, kowannensu ya ƙunshi LED a jere tare da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki. Haɗa kowane da'ira tsakanin fil ɗin microcontroller GPIO da ƙasa. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na microcontroller (misali, 3.3V) da V na al'ada na LEDdaga kwandon wutar lantarkinsa._FShimfidar PCB:
3. Yi amfani da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara tsakanin LED don rarraba haske daidai da kuma hana maganganun zafi.Haɗawa:
4. Bi jagororin bayanin yanayin komawar IR. Bayan haɗawa, tsaftace idan ya cancanta ta amfani da isopropyl alcohol.12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

LED diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin diode na yau da kullun, ana fitar da wannan makamashi azaman zafi. A cikin LED, an zaɓi kayan semiconductor (a wannan yanayin, InGaN) ta yadda wannan makamashi yana fitarwa da farko azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Ana samun faɗin kusurwar dubawa ta hanyar lissafin girma na guntun LED da kaddarorin ruwan tabarau mai rufewa.

13. Trends na Ci Gaba

Yanayin gabaɗaya a cikin SMD LED don aikace-aikacen nuna alama yana zuwa ga ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, 0402, 0201) don ba da damar ƙirar PCB mafi girma. Akwai ci gaba mai ci gaba don ƙara ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace raka'a na shigar da wutar lantarki) da ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar matsananciyar juriya na rarrabawa. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban da aka samu a cikin kayan marufi yana nufin haɓaka amincin ƙarƙashin manyan bayanan yanayin zafin komawa da inganta juriya ga abubuwan muhalli kamar danshi da kewayon zafi.

The general trend in SMD LEDs for indicator applications is toward even smaller package sizes (e.g., 0402, 0201) to enable higher-density PCB designs. There is a continuous drive for increased luminous efficacy (more light output per unit of electrical power input) and improved color consistency through tighter binning tolerances. Furthermore, advancements in packaging materials aim to enhance reliability under higher temperature reflow profiles and improve resistance to environmental factors like moisture and thermal cycling.