Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya
- 2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Lambobin Bin
- 3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lambobin D)
- 3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Haske (Lambobin T/U/V)
- 3.3 Rarraba Tsawon Zangon Haske (Lambobin AP/AR)
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwan Ayyuka
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi
- 5.1 Girman Na'urar
- 5.2 Gano Polarity & Tabon PCB
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow
- 6.2 Solder da Hannu
- 7. Kunshi & Gudanarwa
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel
- 7.2 Hancin Danshi & Ajiya
- 8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace & Abubuwan Ɗauka a Hankali
- 8.1 Hanyar Tuƙi
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Tsaftacewa
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambanci
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)
1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun babban aikin LED kori mai haɗawa da saman, wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen lantarki na zamani. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don samar da tushen haske mai haske kori. Manufofinta na farko sune dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, amintacciyar aikin solder na reflow, da bin ka'idojin muhalli. An kunshi LED a cikin daidaitaccen tsari mai bin EIA akan kaset mai girman 8mm, ana bayar da shi akan reel 7-inch, wanda ya sa ya dace da layukan samarwa masu yawa.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da wucewa da su zai iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.
- Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa (Pd):80 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin ƙarfin da LED zai iya ɓarnawa a matsayin zafi a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Wucewa wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewar zafi ga haɗin semiconductor.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IFP):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba da izini, wanda aka ƙayyade a ƙarƙashin tsauraran zagaye na aiki 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Ya fi girma sosai fiye da ma'aunin DC don ba da damar ɗan gajeren bugun jini mai ƙarfi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na DC (IF):20 mA. Wannan shine ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba da aiki da aka ba da shawarar don aikin al'ada kuma shine yanayin da ake auna mafi yawan halayen gani a ƙarƙashinsa.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ba da garantin cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin muhalli.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki ba a cikin wannan kewayon mai faɗi.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a Ta=25°C da IF=20mA, sai dai idan an lura da wani abu, kuma suna wakiltar matsakaicin aikin aiki.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Haske (IV):280 zuwa 900 mcd (millicandela). Wannan faɗin kewayon yana nuna cewa ana samun na'urar a cikin kwandon haske da yawa. Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da amsawar gani na idon ɗan adam (lanƙwan CIE).
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 120. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa ce, wadda aka ayyana a matsayin cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial ta kololuwa. Ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi ko ganuwa daga kusurwoyi masu faɗi.
- Tsawon Zangon Fitowa Mafi Girma (λP):518 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitowar hasken LED ke kan matsakaicin ƙarfinsa.
- Babban Tsawon Zango (λd):520 zuwa 535 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ke ayyana launin hasken, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):35 nm. Wannan ma'auni, wanda kuma aka sani da Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Mafi Girma (FWHM), yana bayyana tsaftar bakan hasken. Ƙimar 35nm ta zama al'ada ga LED kori na InGaN.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.8V zuwa 3.8V. Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a 20mA. Kewayon yana ɗaukar bambance-bambancen samarwa na al'ada kuma an ƙara bayyana shi ta lambobin bin.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (IR):10 μA (matsakaici) a VR=5V. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki ne na ɓarna.Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Takardun bayani ta bayyana a sarari cewa ba a tsara na'urar don aikin baya ba. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya lalata LED.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Lambobin Bin
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin jerin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa "kwandon" bisa ma'auni masu mahimmanci. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa masu ƙayyadaddun halaye don aikace-aikacensu.
3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lambobin D)
Kwandon yana tabbatar da cewa LED a cikin kewayawa suna da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya, yana haɓaka raba ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tsarin layi daya. Yarjejeniya a kowane kwandon shine ±0.1V.
- D7: 2.80V - 3.00V
- D8: 3.00V - 3.20V
- D9: 3.20V - 3.40V
- D10: 3.40V - 3.60V
- D11: 3.60V - 3.80V
3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Haske (Lambobin T/U/V)
Wannan yana sarrafa fitowar haske. Yarjejeniya a kowane kwandon shine ±11%.
- T1: 280.0 - 355.0 mcd
- T2: 355.0 - 450.0 mcd
- U1: 450.0 - 560.0 mcd
- U2: 560.0 - 710.0 mcd
- V1: 710.0 - 900.0 mcd
3.3 Rarraba Babban Tsawon Zango (Lambobin AP/AR)
Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi daidai. Yarjejeniya a kowane kwandon shine ±1nm.
- AP: 520.0 - 525.0 nm
- AQ: 525.0 - 530.0 nm
- AR: 530.0 - 535.0 nm
4. Binciken Lanƙwan Ayyuka
Yayin da aka ambaci zane-zane na musamman (Hoto 1, Hoto 5), takardun bayani tana nuna samuwar lanƙwan halaye na al'ada waɗanda galibi za su haɗa da:
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Haske da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki, yawanci a cikin yanayin ƙasa da layi a manyan ƙarfin lantarki saboda dumama da raguwar inganci.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Yana nuna alaƙar I-V mai ma'ana na diode.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Haske da Zafin Muhalli:Yana kwatanta raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗin ya tashi, wani muhimmin abu ne don sarrafa zafi.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zanen dangantakar ƙarfi da tsawon zango, yana nuna kololuwa a ~518nm da 35nm FWHM.
- Tsarin Kusurwar Dubawa:Zanen polar da ke nuna rarraba ƙarfin haske na kusurwa, yana tabbatar da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120.
5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi
5.1 Girman Na'urar
LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshi na EIA. Matsakaicin girman girman mahimmanci shine ±0.2mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade wani abu. Kunshin yana da ruwa mai tsabta, wanda ke haɓaka fitar da haske kuma yana ba da ƙayyadaddun faɗin kusurwar dubawa.
5.2 Gano Polarity & Tabon PCB
Takardun bayani ta haɗa da shirin tabon haɗawa da aka ba da shawarar na allon kewaye da aka buga (PCB) don solder na reflow na infrared ko matakin tururi. An tsara wannan tabon don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin solder daidai, haɗin lantarki mai aminci, da isasshen taimakon zafi. Ana nuna polarity akan jikin na'urar (yawanci alamar cathode) kuma dole ne a daidaita shi daidai da tabon anode da cathode masu dacewa akan shirin PCB.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Solder na Reflow
Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin solder na reflow na infrared. An ba da shawarar bayanin solder mara gubar wanda ya dace da ma'aunin JEDEC J-STD-020B. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:
- Dumama Kafin:150°C zuwa 200°C.
- Lokacin Dumama Kafin:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
- Matsakaicin Zafi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
- Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Ana ba da shawarar bin ƙayyadaddun masana'anta na man solder da jagororin JEDEC don tabbatar da haɗin solder masu aminci ba tare da sanya LED ga matsanancin damuwa na zafi ba.
Bayanin Kula:Dole ne a siffanta bayanin don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, haɗin abubuwan haɗin, man solder, da tanda da ake amfani da su a cikin samarwa.
6.2 Solder da Hannu
Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan:
- Zafin Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
- Lokacin Solder:Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane haɗin.
- Iyaka:Zagaye na solder ɗaya kawai. Maimaita dumama zai iya lalata kunshin da guntun semiconductor.
7. Kunshi & Gudanarwa
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel
Ana ba da LED a cikin daidaitaccen kaset mai ɗaukar hoto na masana'antu (faɗin 8mm) wanda aka rufe da kaset ɗin rufi, an nannade shi akan reel mai diamita 7-inch (178mm).
- Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 2000.
- Matsakaicin Adadin Oda (MOQ) na Raga:Guda 500.
- Ma'aunin Kunshi:Ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.
- Abubuwan da Bace:Ana ba da izinin matsakaicin aljihu biyu masu komai a jere a cikin kaset.
7.2 Hancin Danshi & Ajiya
Kunshin LED yana da hancin danshi. Ana buƙatar gudanarwa daidai don hana "popcorning" (fashewar kunshi) yayin reflow.
- Jakarda Mai Rufi (tare da Desiccant):Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan ranar rufe jakar.
- Bayan Buɗe Jakar:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ana ba da shawarar sosai don kammala tsarin reflow na IR cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na fallasa.
- Ajiya Mai Tsayi (An Buɗe):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
- Rebaking:Ya kamata a gasa abubuwan da aka fallasa fiye da sa'o'i 168 a kusan 60°C na akalla sa'o'i 48 kafin solder don cire danshin da aka sha.
8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace & Abubuwan Ɗauka a Hankali
8.1 Hanyar Tuƙi
LED na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfin lantarki. Don aiki mai daidaito da aminci:
- Tuƙi na Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Tsayi:Koyaushe yi amfani da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayi ko resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki a jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki don saita ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF).
- Kaucewa Haɗin Layi Daya:Ba a ba da shawarar haɗa LED da yawa kai tsaye a layi ɗaya daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki guda ɗaya tare da resistor ɗaya ba. Ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) tsakanin LED zai haifar da rashin daidaito mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda zai haifar da rashin daidaiton haske da yuwuwar wuce gona da iri a wasu na'urori. Yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki na kowane LED ko direbobin ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayi daban.
- Kariya daga Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Kamar yadda ba a tsara na'urar don bias na baya ba, tabbatar da ƙirar kewayawa tana hana amfani da kowane ƙarfin lantarki na baya a kan LED.
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Ko da yake ɓarnawar ƙarfin lantarki ta yi ƙasa kaɗan (80mW), ƙirar zafi daidai tana tsawaita rayuwa kuma tana kiyaye aikin gani.
- Tsarin PCB:Yi amfani da shirin tabon da aka ba da shawarar wanda galibi ya haɗa da haɗin taimakon zafi.
- Yankin Jan Ƙarfe:Ƙara yankin jan ƙarfe da aka haɗa da tabon zafin LED (idan ya dace) ko tabon cathode/anode yana taimakawa wajen ɓarnawar zafi.
- Zafin Muhalli:Tabbatar da cewa zafin muhalli na aiki ya kasance a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayon. Rage matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba idan zafin muhalli ya kusanci iyakar sama.
8.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder:
- Mai narkewa da Aka Ba da Shawara:Yi amfani da masu tsaftacewa na barasa kawai kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol.
- Tsari:A nutsar a cikin zafin daki na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.
- Kaucewa:Kada a yi amfani da ruwayen sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba waɗanda zasu iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik ko kayan kunshi.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambanci
Fasalolin mahimmanci waɗanda ke bambanta wannan LED a kasuwa sun haɗa da:
- Matsakaicin Faɗin Kusurwar Dubawa (120°):Yana ba da fifikon ganuwa na gefe idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun LED masu ƙunƙuntaccen katako, wanda ya dace da alamomin matsayi da hasken baya inda duban kusurwa mai faɗi ke da mahimmanci.
- Bin RoHS & Samfurin Kori:An yi shi ba tare da abubuwa masu haɗari kamar gubar, mercury, da cadmium ba, yana cika ka'idojin muhalli na duniya.
- Cikakken Dacewa da Haɗawa ta Atomatik:Kunshi na kaset-da-reel, daidaitaccen tabon EIA, da dacewa da hanyoyin reflow na IR suna ba da damar haɗawa cikin sauƙi cikin layukan samarwa masu sauri na SMT (Fasahar Haɗawa da Saman).
- Cikakken Rarraba Bin:Rarraba ma'auni uku (VF, IV, λd) yana ba da damar zaɓi daidai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton ƙarfin haske, launi, da halayen lantarki.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)
Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da wadatar 5V?
A: I, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki a jere. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vwadatar- VF) / IF. Don wadatar 5V da V na al'adaFna 3.2V a 20mA, R = (5 - 3.2) / 0.02 = 90 ohms. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VFdaga takardun bayani (3.8V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki bai wuce 20mA ga kowane naúrar a cikin rukunin ba.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma da Babban Tsawon Zango?
A: Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (λP) shine tsawon zango na zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin gani. Babban Tsawon Zango (λd) ƙima ce da aka lissafta bisa zanen launi na CIE wanda ke wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke ganin launin ya kasance. λdshine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi a cikin aikace-aikacen gani.
Q: Me ya sa akwai rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 168 bayan buɗe jakar shinge na danshi?
Q: Kunshin filastik na LED na iya sha danshi daga iska. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na solder na reflow, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsa lamba na ciki wanda zai iya fashe kunshin ("popcorning"). Iyakar sa'o'i 168 ita ce lokacin fallasa mai aminci da ake zaton don kunshin ya kasance ƙasa da matakin danshi mai mahimmanci.
Q: Zan iya amfani da wannan don hasken cikin mota?
A: Kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) ya ƙunshi buƙatun cikin mota na al'ada. Duk da haka, takardun bayani ta ƙayyade cewa LED na "kayan aikin lantarki na al'ada" ne. Don aikace-aikacen mota, musamman na waje ko masu mahimmanci na aminci, abubuwan haɗin yawanci suna buƙatar cancantar AEC-Q102 da takamaiman gwajin aminci. Tuntubar masana'anta don bayanan aminci na musamman na aikace-aikace yana da mahimmanci.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |