SMD LED 19-213/GHC-YR1S2/3T Datasheet - Brilliant Green - 3.5V - 25mA - 120° Viewing Angle - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The 19-213/GHC-YR1S2/3T is a surface-mount device (SMD) LED designed for modern, compact electronic applications. It represents a significant advancement over traditional lead-frame type components, enabling substantial reductions in board size, increased packing density, and minimized storage requirements. This ultimately contributes to the development of smaller and more efficient end-user equipment.

Its lightweight construction makes it particularly suitable for miniature and space-constrained applications where weight and size are critical factors. The device is a mono-color type, emitting a brilliant green light, and is constructed using Pb-free materials, ensuring compliance with contemporary environmental and safety regulations.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Tsakiya da Bin Ka'idoji

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED ya samo asali ne daga kunsa na SMD da abun da ya ƙunshi.

• Ƙananan Girma: Ƙaramin ƙafar da aka kwatanta da LEDs masu rami yana ba da damar yawan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa akan allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs).
• Daidaituwar Kayan Aiki: An tattara shi a cikin tef na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, yana da cikakkiyar daidaitawa da kayan aikin zaɓi da sanyawa na atomatik mai sauri, yana sauƙaƙe tsarin masana'antu.
• Ƙarfafa Solder: Ya dace da duka hanyoyin solder na infrared da tururi, yana ba da sassauci a cikin layukan haɗawa.
• Kiyayyayyar Muhalli: Kayayyayyar ba shi da gubar kuma an tsara shi don ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari). Hakanan yana bin ka'idojin EU REACH kuma ba shi da halogen, tare da abun ciki na Bromine (Br) da Chlorine (Cl) kowanne ƙasa da 900 ppm kuma jimlar su ƙasa da 1500 ppm.

2. Zurfafa Bincike na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike na haƙiƙa na ƙayyadaddun lantarki, na gani, da na zafi na LED kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin Teburan Matsakaicin Matsakaici da Halayen Lantarki-Lantarki.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaici na Gabaɗaya

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar zai iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin don ingantaccen aiki.

• Reverse Voltage (V_R): 5V. Exceeding this voltage in reverse bias can cause junction breakdown.
• Forward Current (I_F): 25mA (continuous). This is the maximum recommended DC current for normal operation.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP): 50mA (at 1/10 duty cycle, 1kHz). This rating allows for short pulse operation but must adhere strictly to the duty cycle to avoid overheating.
• Power Dissipation (P_d): 95mW. This is the maximum power the package can dissipate at an ambient temperature (T_a) of 25°C. Derating is necessary at higher temperatures.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): 150V (Human Body Model). Proper ESD handling procedures are essential during assembly and handling.
• Operating Temperature (T_opr): -40°C to +85°C. The device is rated for industrial temperature range applications.
• Storage Temperature (T_stg): -40°C to +90°C.
• Soldering Temperature (T_sol): The device can withstand reflow soldering with a peak temperature of 260°C for up to 10 seconds, or hand soldering at 350°C for up to 3 seconds per terminal.

2.2 Siffofin Lantarki da Haske

Measured at T_a=25°C and I_F=20mA, these parameters define the device's performance under standard test conditions.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v): Ranges from a minimum of 112.0 mcd to a maximum of 285.0 mcd. The actual value is binned (see Section 3). The tolerance is ±11%.
• Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2): 120 degrees (typical). Wannan kallon faɗi yana sa LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi ko ganuwa daga kusurwoyi da yawa.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p): 518 nm (typical). Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda fitarwar bakan ke da ƙarfi a kai.
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d): Ya kewayo daga 520.0 nm zuwa 535.0 nm. Wannan shine launin hasken da ake gani kuma ana rarrabe shi. Tolerance shine ±1 nm.
• Spectral Bandwidth (Δλ): 35 nm (typical). Wannan yana nuna yadda bakan da aka fitar ya bazu a kusa da kololuwar tsayin raƙuman ruwa.
• Forward Voltage (V_F): 3.5V (typical), tare da matsakaicin 4.0V a I_F=20mA. Tolerance shine ±0.1V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakancewar halin yanzu.
• Reverse Current (I_R): Maximum 50 μA at V_R=5V. It is critical to note that the device is not designed for operation in reverse bias; this test condition is for characterization only.

3. Binning System Explanation

To ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are sorted into bins based on key parameters.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

LEDs are categorized into four bins (R1, R2, S1, S2) based on their measured luminous intensity at I_F=20mA.

• Bin R1: 112.0 – 140.0 mcd
• Bin R2: 140.0 – 180.0 mcd
• Bin S1: 180.0 – 225.0 mcd
• Bin S2: 225.0 – 285.0 mcd

Zaɓar da bin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske iri ɗaya a cikin LED-ori da yawa.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

LEDs are also binned by their dominant wavelength to control color variation. Three bins (X, Y, Z) are defined.

• Bin X: 520.0 – 525.0 nm
• Bin Y: 525.0 – 530.0 nm
• Bin Z: 530.0 – 535.0 nm

Don ayyukan da daidaiton launi ya zama mahimmanci (misali, alamomin yanayi, tsararrun hasken baya), ƙayyadaddun ƙaramin kwandon tsawon raƙuman ruwa ya zama dole.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Takardar bayanai tana ba da lanƙwasan halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna yadda aikin LED ke bambanta da yanayin aiki. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai ƙarfi.

4.1 Tsananin Hasken Hasken Dangi vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna raguwar fitar da haske yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa. Kamar kowane LED, ingancin haske yana raguwa tare da hawan zafin haɗin gwiwa. Masu ƙira dole ne su yi la'akari da wannan raguwar zafin, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko ayyukan babban igiyar ruwa, don tabbatar da an kiyaye hasken da ake so.

4.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

The I-V curve demonstrates the exponential relationship between current and voltage in the LED's forward-biased state. The typical forward voltage (V_F) of 3.5V at 20mA is a key design point. A small increase in voltage can lead to a large, potentially damaging increase in current, underscoring the absolute necessity of using a current-limiting resistor or constant-current driver.

4.3 Tsananin Hasken Hasken Dangi vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

This curve shows that light output increases with current but not necessarily linearly across the entire range. It also tends to saturate at higher currents due to thermal and efficiency effects. Operating near the maximum rated current (25mA) may provide higher brightness but will also generate more heat and reduce long-term reliability.

4.4 Tsarin Tsarin Radiation

The radiation diagram visually confirms the 120-degree viewing angle. The intensity is typically highest at 0 degrees (perpendicular to the LED surface) and decreases towards the edges of the viewing cone. This pattern is important for designing light guides, lenses, or determining the optimal placement for indicators.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

LED yana da daidaitaccen kunsa na SMD. Zanen girma yana ba da mahimman ma'auni don ƙirar ƙirar PCB, gami da girman kushin, tazara, da tsayin kayan aiki. Duk ƙarancin da ba a bayyana ba shine ±0.1mm. Yin bin waɗannan ma'aunai daidai a cikin shimfidar PCB yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen gini da kwanciyar hankali na inji.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Yawanci ana yiwa cathode alama akan na'urar, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, kore kore, ko girman kushin daban. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin sanyawa don tabbatar da aikin da'ira mai kyau.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

Sarrafa da gini daidai suna da mahimmanci ga yawan amfanin ƙasa da dogon lokaci na dogaro.

6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow

A lead-free reflow profile is specified:

• Pre-heating: 150–200°C for 60–120 seconds.
• Time Above Liquidus (217°C): 60–150 seconds.
• Peak Temperature: 260°C maximum, held for no more than 10 seconds.
• Heating Rate: Maximum 6°C/sec.
• Time Above 255°C: Maximum 30 seconds.
• Cooling Rate: Maximum 3°C/sec.

Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times on the same device.

6.2 Solder da Hannu

Idan yin sayar da hannu ba zai yiwu ba:

• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe tare da zafin tip a ƙasa da 350°C.
• Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓe zuwa dakika 3 a kowace tasha.
• Yi amfani da ƙarfe tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki a ƙasa da 25W.
• Ƙyale aƙalla tazarar dakika 2 tsakanin sayar da kowace tasha.

Yin sayar da hannu yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewa mai zafi.

6.3 Ajiya da Hancin Danshi

Ana tattara fitilun LED a cikin jakunkunan kariya daga danshi tare da abin bushewa.

• Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya don amfani.
• Bayan buɗewa, fitilun LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba yakamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.
• "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗe jakar ita ce sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7).
• Idan aka wuce, ko kuma idan abin bushewa ya nuna cikewa, ana buƙatar gasa a 60±5°C na tsawon sa'o'i 24 kafin sake kwarara don hana "popcorning" (fashewar fakit saboda tururin danshi).

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Reel and Tape Specifications

The device is supplied in embossed carrier tape:

• Carrier Tape Width: 8mm.
• Reel Diameter: 7 inches.
• Quantity per Reel: 3000 pieces.

An ba'a bayar da cikakkun bayanai game da girman reel da tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya don dacewa da na'urorin ciyarwa ta atomatik.

7.2 Label Explanation

Label ɗin reel ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓuka masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• P/N: Lambar Samfura (misali, 19-213/GHC-YR1S2/3T).
• QTY: Adadin Shiri.
• CAT: Luminous Intensity Rank (Bin code: R1, R2, S1, S2).
• HUE: Chromaticity Coordinates & Dominant Wavelength Rank (Bin code: X, Y, Z).
• REF: Forward Voltage Rank.
• LOT No: Traceable manufacturing lot number.

8. Application Suggestions

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

Dangane da kyakkyawan launin korenta, faɗin kusurwar kallo, da siffar SMD, wannan LED ya dace sosai don:

• Haske na Baya: Haskakawa na dashboard, hasken baya na maɓalli, da lebur hasken baya don LCDs da alamomi.
• Alamomin Matsayi: A cikin kayan aikin sadarwa (wayoyi, injunan faks), na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, da bangarorin sarrafa masana'antu.
• Nuni na Gabaɗaya: Duk wani aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaramin, mai haske, siginar gani ta kore.

8.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Zane da Ake Bincike

• Current Limiting is Mandatory: Dole ne koyar da resistor na jerin ko direban kullin na yau da kullun. Ƙarfin gaba yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki da juriyar samarwa, yana sa haɗin kai kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba shi da aminci.
• Thermal Management: Yayin da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin kushin zafi (idan akwai) yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙananan zafin haɗin gwiwa, kiyaye haske da tsawon rayuwa.
• ESD Protection: Ai watsar da kariyar ESD akan layukan siginar idan LED yana cikin wurin da mai amfani zai iya isa, kuma bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD masu aminci yayin haɗawa.
• Optical Design: The 120° viewing angle provides wide coverage. For focused light, an external lens or light guide may be necessary.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Compared to older through-hole LEDs, this SMD device offers clear advantages:

• Size & Density: Drastically smaller, enabling modern miniaturized electronics.
• Manufacturing Efficiency: Tape-and-reel packaging allows for fully automated, high-speed assembly.
• Performance: Yawanci yana ba da daidaiton haske mai kyau da kuma kallon kusurwoyi fiye da yawancin takwarorinsu na radial-leaded.
• Reliability: SMD ginin yakan ba da juriya mai kyau ga girgiza da kuma girgiza na injiniya.

Haɗin sa na musamman na launin kore mai haske (ta amfani da kayan InGaN), kusurwar kallon 120°, da daidaitaccen ƙafar SMD sun bambanta shi a cikin babban rukunin koren SMD LEDs.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakancewar halin yanzu ya zama dole sosai?

Halayen I-V na LED yana da ma'auni. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin wutar lantarki ko raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (saboda hawan zafin jiki) na iya haifar da babban hawan halin yanzu mara sarrafawa, wanda zai wuce Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici da sauri kuma ya lalata na'urar. Resistor yana saita ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na aiki mai aminci.

10.2 Zan iya sarrafa wannan LED da wadata na 5V?

I, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor na jerin. Tare da V_F na 3.5V a 20mA, faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan resistor zai zama 1.5V (5V - 3.5V). Yin amfani da Dokar Ohm (R = V/I), ƙimar resistor da ake buƙata zata zama 1.5V / 0.020A = 75 Ohms. Madaidaicin resistor na 75Ω ko 82Ω zai dace, amma dole ne kuma a duba ƙimar ƙarfin resistor (P = I²R).

10.3 Menene ma'anar lambobin bin (R1, S2, X, Y) ga zanena?

Idan zanenka yana amfani da LEDs da yawa kuma yana buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya, dole ne ka ƙayyade lambobin bin na ƙarfi da tsayin raƙuman ruwa iri ɗaya ga duk raka'o'in. Haɗa bin na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen haske ko launi a tsakanin LEDs masu kusa. Don aikace-aikacen LED guda ɗaya ko inda bambancin ya yarda, ana iya amfani da zaɓin bin mai faɗi.

10.4 Yaya zafin jiki ke tasiri aikin?

Yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi:

• Ƙarfin Hasken Haske Yana Ragewa: Fitar haske ta ragu (duba lanƙwanin rage ƙarfi).
• Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba: V_F yana da ma'aunin zafin jiki mara kyau (~ -2mV/°C don InGaN). Wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar halin yanzu a cikin da'irar iyakancewar resistor mai sauƙi idan ba a yi la'akari da shi ba.
• Canjin Tsawon Tsinkaya Kaɗan: Mafi rinjayen tsawon tsinkaya na iya canzawa, yawanci zuwa tsayin tsinkaya mafi tsayi (canjin ja).

Ƙira don yanayin zafi mai zafi yakamata ta yi amfani da direbobi na halin yanzu kuma a yi la'akari da rage zafin jiki a cikin lissafin haske.

11. Zane na Aiki da Amfani na Aiki

Scenario: Designing a multi-LED status indicator panel.

1. Requirements: 10 uniformly bright green LEDs indicating different system states on a front panel.
2. Selection: Specify the 19-213 LED. To ensure uniformity, order all units from the same luminous intensity bin (e.g., S1) and the same dominant wavelength bin (e.g., Y).
3. Circuit Design: Use a 5V rail. Calculate series resistor: R = (5V - 3.5V) / 0.020A = 75Ω. Resistor power: P = (0.020A)² * 75Ω = 0.03W, so a standard 1/10W (0.1W) resistor is sufficient. Place one resistor per LED for individual control.
4. PCB Layout: Bi da aka ba da shawara na tsarin ƙasa daga girman fakitin. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara tsakanin LEDs don kyakkyawan yanayin da ake so.
5. Assembly: Yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanin sake kunnawa. Ajiye na'urorin masu hankali ga danshi a cikin jakunkun da aka rufe har lokacin amfani da su akan layin taro.
6. Result: Ƙwararren allon nuni mai daidaitaccen kamanni tare da sarrafa haske da launi.

12. Principle Introduction

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan tsarin diode na semiconductor. Yankin aiki ya ƙunshi Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), kayan semiconductor mai tazara kai tsaye. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. A cikin kayan tazara kai tsaye kamar InGaN, wannan haɗuwar tana fitar da kuzari da farko a cikin nau'in photons (haske), wani tsari da ake kira electroluminescence. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na InGaN yana ƙayyade ƙarfin tazarar band, wanda kuma ke ƙayyade tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, kore mai haske (~518-535 nm). Epoxy resin encapsulant yana kare guntu na semiconductor, yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau don siffanta fitowar haske (yana ba da gudummawar kusurwar kallo na 120°), kuma yana iya ƙunsar phosphors ko rini, ko da yake ga wannan nau'in launi ɗaya, yana da tsabta kamar ruwa.

13. Development Trends

Mabadiliko ya SMD LEDs kama vile 19-213 yanafuata mwelekeo kadhaa wazi wa tasnia:

• Ufanisi Ulioongezeka: Uboreshaji endelevu wa sayansi ya nyenzo na usanifu wa chipi unalenga kutoa lumens zaidi kwa kila watt (ufanisi wa juu zaidi), na hivyo kupunguza matumizi ya nishati kwa pato la mwanga lililopangwa.
• Ƙananan Girma: Jitihada za kuunda vifurushi vidogo zaidi (k.m., saizi za metriki 0402, 0201) zinaendelea kuwezesha vifaa vya elektroniki vilivyo bapa zaidi.
• Uwiano Bora wa Rangi: Maendeleo katika mchakato wa ukuaji wa epitaxial na uchambuzi wa makundi husababisha uvumilivu madhubuti zaidi katika urefu wa wimbi na ukubwa, na hivyo kupunguza hitaji la uteuzi mkali wa makundi katika baadhi ya matumizi.
• Higher Reliability & Power Handling: Enhancements in package materials, thermal paths, and solder joint design allow for higher maximum drive currents and power dissipation in similarly sized packages.
• Broadened Environmental Compliance: The move towards halogen-free, low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), and fully recyclable materials aligns with global sustainability initiatives.

These trends focus on delivering more performance, reliability, and environmental friendliness from increasingly smaller and more cost-effective components.