Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyana Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali
- 1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
- 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Bin Ranking
- 3.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)
- 3.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
- 3.3 Matsayin Hue / Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd)
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- Lanƙwasa I-V tana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu (IF) kuma yana dogara da zafin jiki. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar masu jurewa na iyakancewar halin yanzu da suka dace don tabbatar da cewa LED yana aiki a cikin kewayon halin yanzu da aka ƙayyade, musamman la'akari da bambance-bambance a cikin bins na ƙarfin lantarki (D2-D4).
- Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske yana daidai da halin gaba a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun (har zuwa 30mA DC). Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a cikin halaye masu yawa saboda ƙarin tasirin zafi. Yin aiki a ko ƙasa da sharuɗin gwaji na 20mA da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da tsawon rai.
- Lanƙwasa fitarwar bakan ta ta'allaka ne a kusa da matsakaicin tsawon tsawon 570 nm tare da rabin faɗi na yau da kullun na 15 nm. Wannan faɗin bandwidth ɗin yana da halayyar fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda ke samar da launin kore mai cikar ciki idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar LED masu canza phosphor.
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- LTST-010KGKT ya yi daidai da tsarin fakitin SMD na masana'antu. Manyan girma (a cikin millimeters) sun haɗa da girman jiki na yau da kullun na kusan 3.0mm tsawon, 1.5mm faɗi, da 1.1mm tsayi. Jurewa yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Fakitin yana da ruwa mai tsabta akan tushen hasken kore na AlInGaP.
- An ba da shirin ginin ginin gwal don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwal yayin gudanar da reflow. An tsara wannan tsari don sauƙaƙe rigar gwal daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin rage haɗarin kabari (kayan aiki suna tsaye a ƙarshen ɗaya). An inganta ƙirar gwal don duka tsarin reflow na infrared da na tururi.
- Ana nuna cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan fakitin LED, kamar notch, kore kore, ko yanke kusurwa akan ruwan tabarau. Dole ne a duba zane na bayanin bayanai don tabbatar da ainihin alamar polarity don wannan sashe na musamman. Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci yayin haɗawa don tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki.
- 6.1 Bayanin Gudanar da IR Reflow
- Don tsarin gudanar da maras gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar bayanin da ya dace da J-STD-020B. Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da:
- Idan ana buƙatar gudanar da hannu, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan sosai:
- Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gudanarwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi da aka ƙayyade. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko alamun fakitin.
- LEDs suna da damuwa ga danshi. Lokacin da aka buɗe jakar kariya ta danshi (tare da desiccant), ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe asalin jakar:
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
- Ana samar da samfurin a cikin tef mai ɗaukar kaya don sarrafa atomatik.
- 8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi
- LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da tsawon rai, dole ne a yi amfani da tushen halin yanzu na akai-akai ko mai iyakancewar halin yanzu. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF, inda Vcc shine ƙarfin lantarki, VF shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba daga zaɓaɓɓen bin (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don ƙididdige halin yanzu mafi muni), kuma IF shine halin gaba da ake so (misali, 20mA). Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙi da yawa LEDs a layi daya ba tare da iyakancewar halin yanzu na kowane mutum ba saboda bambancin VF, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaiton haske mai mahimmanci.
- Duk da cewa watsawar wutar lantarki tana da ƙasa (72mW matsakaici), ingantaccen sarrafa zafi akan PCB yana da mahimmanci har yanzu, musamman a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko lokacin aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa zai rage fitarwar haske da haɓaka lalacewa. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla a kusa da gwal ɗin na iya taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi.
- Kusurwar kallo na digiri 110 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙara mayar da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (misali, ruwan tabarau, jagororin haske). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana ba da ainihin launin guntu na AlInGaP, wanda shine kore mai cikar ciki.
- 9.1 Fasahar AlInGaP
- LTST-010KGKT yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don yankinsa mai fitar da haske. An san wannan fasahar don samar da haske mai inganci a cikin sassan amber, orange, ja, da rawaya-kore na bakan. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Phosphide (GaP), AlInGaP LEDs suna ba da ingancin haske mai yawa da ingantaccen launi mai cikar ciki. Hasken kore da aka samu a nan yana cikin yankin 570nm, wanda idon ɗan adam ke gani sosai.
- Hakanan ana iya yin Kore LEDs ta amfani da fasahar Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda yawanci ke samar da launin shuɗi-kore ko kore mai tsabta a gajerun tsayin daka (kusan 520-530nm). Kore na tushen AlInGaP (kusan 570nm) sau da yawa yana bayyana mafi rawaya-kore ko "lemu" kore. Zaɓin ya dogara da ainihin daidaitawar launi da aikace-aikacen ke buƙata. Kore na AlInGaP a cikin wannan kewayon tsayin daka gabaɗaya suna da launi mai tsayayye a kan halin tuƙi da zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da wasu kore na InGaN.
- 10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λP)
- A'a, ba a ba da shawarar wannan kuma yana iya lalata LED.
- Kuna iya ƙayyade haɗin bins don samun LEDs tare da halaye masu matsewa. Misali, neman "Iv=R1, VF=D3, λd=C" zai ba ku LEDs tare da ƙarfin haske tsakanin 112-140 mcd, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tsakanin 2.0-2.2V, da matsakaicin tsayin daka tsakanin 567.5-570.5 nm. Idan ba a ƙayyade bin ba, za ku karɓi samfurin daga gaurayawan samarwa na yau da kullun.
- Bayanin bayanai ya ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki na -40°C zuwa +85°C, wanda ya ƙunshi yanayi da yawa na waje. Duk da haka, dogon lokaci na fallasa ga hasken rana kai tsaye, radiation UV, da danshi na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy akan lokaci. Don mawuyacin yanayin waje, ya kamata a yi la'akari da LEDs da aka ƙayyade da kuma tattara su musamman don irin waɗannan yanayi (misali, tare da ɗaukar silicone).
- 11.1 Alamar Yanayin Gaban Gaban don Sauya Hanyar Sadarwa
- Bukatu:
- 12.1 Ingantacciya da Ƙanƙantawa
- Gabaɗayan yanayin SMD LEDs yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin fitarwar haske a kowace wutar lantarki) da ƙarin ƙanƙantawa. Duk da yake wannan sashe yana wakiltar girman fakitin da ya girma, sabbin fakitoci kamar chip-scale LEDs (CSLED) suna fitowa, suna ba da ƙananan ƙafafu. Ƙoƙarin ingantaccen amfani da makamashi a duk kayan lantarki yana tura LEDs waɗanda ke ba da haske da ake buƙata a ƙananan halaye.
- Ci gaba a cikin girma na epitaxial da kayan marufi yana nufin inganta daidaiton launi (rage yaduwa a cikin bin) da kwanciyar hankali a tsawon rayuwar na'urar da a cikin bambance-bambancen zafin jiki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da LEDs da yawa kusa da juna, kamar a cikin nuni mai cikakken launi ko jerin hasken baya.
- Akwai ƙaruwar yanayin haɗa da'irar tuƙi na LED (tushen halin yanzu na akai-akai, sarrafa duhu na PWM) kai tsaye cikin modules ko ma a kan fakitin LED kanta, yana sauƙaƙa ƙira ga masu amfani na ƙarshe da inganta amincin tsarin gaba ɗaya.
1. Bayyana Samfur
LTST-010KGKT na'urar haske ce (LED) mai hawa sama (SMD) wacce aka tsara don haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik. Girman sa na ƙanƙanta ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali
- Girman Ƙanƙanta:Fakitin da'ira ya ba da damar yin tsarin PCB mai yawan taro.
- Daidaitawar Atomatik:An tattara shi a cikin tef 12mm akan reels inci 7, yana dacewa gaba ɗaya da na'urorin ɗauka da sanyawa na atomatik.
- Daidaitawar Tsari:An tsara shi don jure tsarin gudanar da IR reflow, wanda ya yi daidai da ka'idojin ƙirƙira marasa gubar (Pb-free).
- Yin Biyayya da Kayan:Samfurin ya cika umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari).
- Kusurwar Kallo Mai Faɗi:Yana da kusurwar kallo ta yau da kullun 110 digiri (2θ1/2), yana ba da rarraba haske mai faɗi.
1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace
Ana amfani da wannan LED azaman alamar yanayi, ɓangaren hasken baya, ko hasken sigina a cikin kayan lantarki daban-daban. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:
- Na'urorin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya/wayoyin hannu)
- Kwamfutoci masu ɗauka (misali, kwamfutocin tebur)
- Tsarin hanyar sadarwa da na'urorin gida
- Allunan sarrafa masana'antu da alamun cikin gida
- Kayan aikin atomatik na ofis
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
Duk sigogi an ayyana su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.
- Watsawar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):72 mW
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba (IFP):80 mA (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms)
- Ci gaba da Halin Gaba (IF):30 mA DC
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Gani
Waɗannan su ne sigogi na aiki na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun sharuɗɗan gwaji (IF = 20mA).
- Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Mafi ƙanƙanta 56 mcd, ƙimomin yau da kullun sun bambanta ta bin, matsakaici 180 mcd. An auna ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace zuwa lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ya kewayo daga 1.8V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 2.4V (Matsakaici). Ƙimar yau da kullun ta dogara da bin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (D2, D3, D4).
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λP):Kimanin 570 nm.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):Yawanci 571 nm, tare da takamaiman bins da aka ayyana daga 564.5 nm zuwa 576.5 nm.
- Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 15 nm (rabin faɗi).
- Halin Baya (IR):Matsakaici 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.Lura:Ba a tsara wannan LED don aikin baya ba; wannan sigogi ne kawai don dalilai na gwaji.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Bin Ranking
An rarraba samfurin zuwa bins na aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace. Masu ƙira za su iya ƙayyade bins don dacewa da buƙatunsu na haske, launi, da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki.
3.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)
Binning yana tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin haske mai iya hasashe. Raka'a sune millicandelas (mcd) a 20mA.
- P2:56 – 71 mcd
- Q1:71 – 90 mcd
- Q2:90 – 112 mcd
- R1:112 – 140 mcd
- R2:140 – 180 mcd
Jurewa a cikin kowane bin shine ±11%.
3.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
Binning na ƙarfin lantarki yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙira da'irori masu iyakancewar halin yanzu da hasashen amfani da wutar lantarki. Raka'a sune Volts (V) a 20mA.
- D2:1.8 – 2.0 V
- D3:2.0 – 2.2 V
- D4:2.2 – 2.4 V
Jurewa a cikin kowane bin shine ±0.1V.
3.3 Matsayin Hue / Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd)
Wannan binning yana sarrafa launin hasken kore da ake gani. Raka'a sune nanometers (nm) a 20mA.
- B:564.5 – 567.5 nm
- C:567.5 – 570.5 nm
- D:570.5 – 573.5 nm
- E:573.5 – 576.5 nm
Jurewa a cikin kowane bin shine ±1 nm.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Lanƙwasan halaye na yau da kullun suna ba da haske game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai ƙarfi.
Lanƙwasa I-V tana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu (IF) kuma yana dogara da zafin jiki. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don zaɓar masu jurewa na iyakancewar halin yanzu da suka dace don tabbatar da cewa LED yana aiki a cikin kewayon halin yanzu da aka ƙayyade, musamman la'akari da bambance-bambance a cikin bins na ƙarfin lantarki (D2-D4).
4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Gaba
Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske yana daidai da halin gaba a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun (har zuwa 30mA DC). Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a cikin halaye masu yawa saboda ƙarin tasirin zafi. Yin aiki a ko ƙasa da sharuɗin gwaji na 20mA da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da tsawon rai.
4.3 Rarraba Bakan
Lanƙwasa fitarwar bakan ta ta'allaka ne a kusa da matsakaicin tsawon tsawon 570 nm tare da rabin faɗi na yau da kullun na 15 nm. Wannan faɗin bandwidth ɗin yana da halayyar fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda ke samar da launin kore mai cikar ciki idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar LED masu canza phosphor.
5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin
5.1 Girman Fakitin
LTST-010KGKT ya yi daidai da tsarin fakitin SMD na masana'antu. Manyan girma (a cikin millimeters) sun haɗa da girman jiki na yau da kullun na kusan 3.0mm tsawon, 1.5mm faɗi, da 1.1mm tsayi. Jurewa yawanci ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Fakitin yana da ruwa mai tsabta akan tushen hasken kore na AlInGaP.
5.2 Tsarin Ƙasar PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara
An ba da shirin ginin ginin gwal don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwal yayin gudanar da reflow. An tsara wannan tsari don sauƙaƙe rigar gwal daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin rage haɗarin kabari (kayan aiki suna tsaye a ƙarshen ɗaya). An inganta ƙirar gwal don duka tsarin reflow na infrared da na tururi.
5.3 Gano Polarity
Ana nuna cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan fakitin LED, kamar notch, kore kore, ko yanke kusurwa akan ruwan tabarau. Dole ne a duba zane na bayanin bayanai don tabbatar da ainihin alamar polarity don wannan sashe na musamman. Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci yayin haɗawa don tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki.
6. Jagororin Gudanarwa & Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Gudanar da IR Reflow
Don tsarin gudanar da maras gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar bayanin da ya dace da J-STD-020B. Manyan sigogi sun haɗa da:
Preheat:
- 150-200°C na matsakaicin dakika 120 don dumama allon da kayan aiki a hankali.Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:
- Bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba.Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (TAL):
- Lokacin da gwal ya narke ya kamata a sarrafa shi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun masana'anta na man gwal, yawanci a cikin iyakokin da aka nuna a cikin zanen bayanin da aka bayar.Bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana girgizar zafi, wanda zai iya lalata tsarin ciki na LED ko ruwan tabarau na epoxy.
6.2 Gudanar da Hannu (Idan Ya Bukata)
Idan ana buƙatar gudanar da hannu, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan sosai:
Zafin Ƙarfe:
- Matsakaici 300°C.Lokacin Gudanarwa:
- Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwal.Iyaka:
- Ya kamata a yi gudanarwa sau ɗaya kawai. Guji sake dumama haɗin gwal da ake da su.6.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gudanarwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi da aka ƙayyade. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko alamun fakitin.
6.4 Ajiya & Hatsarin Danshi
LEDs suna da damuwa ga danshi. Lokacin da aka buɗe jakar kariya ta danshi (tare da desiccant), ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe asalin jakar:
Yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba.
- Ana ba da shawarar kammala tsarin reflow na IR cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na fallasa.
- Don ajiya fiye da sa'o'i 168, ya kamata a sake gasa LEDs a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin gudanarwa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" (fashewar fakitin yayin reflow).
- 7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
Ana samar da samfurin a cikin tef mai ɗaukar kaya don sarrafa atomatik.
Faɗin Tef:
- 12 mm.Diamita na Reel:
- Inci 7 (178 mm).Adadin kowane Reel:
- Guda 4000 (cikakken reel).Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda (MOQ):
- Guda 500 don ragi/ragin reel.Marufin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. An rufe tef da tef mai rufi don kare abubuwan.
- 8. La'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi
LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da tsawon rai, dole ne a yi amfani da tushen halin yanzu na akai-akai ko mai iyakancewar halin yanzu. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF, inda Vcc shine ƙarfin lantarki, VF shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba daga zaɓaɓɓen bin (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don ƙididdige halin yanzu mafi muni), kuma IF shine halin gaba da ake so (misali, 20mA). Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙi da yawa LEDs a layi daya ba tare da iyakancewar halin yanzu na kowane mutum ba saboda bambancin VF, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaiton haske mai mahimmanci.
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Duk da cewa watsawar wutar lantarki tana da ƙasa (72mW matsakaici), ingantaccen sarrafa zafi akan PCB yana da mahimmanci har yanzu, musamman a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko lokacin aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa zai rage fitarwar haske da haɓaka lalacewa. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla a kusa da gwal ɗin na iya taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi.
8.3 Ƙirar Gani
Kusurwar kallo na digiri 110 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙara mayar da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (misali, ruwan tabarau, jagororin haske). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana ba da ainihin launin guntu na AlInGaP, wanda shine kore mai cikar ciki.
9. Gabatarwar Fasaha & Kwatanta
9.1 Fasahar AlInGaP
LTST-010KGKT yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don yankinsa mai fitar da haske. An san wannan fasahar don samar da haske mai inganci a cikin sassan amber, orange, ja, da rawaya-kore na bakan. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Phosphide (GaP), AlInGaP LEDs suna ba da ingancin haske mai yawa da ingantaccen launi mai cikar ciki. Hasken kore da aka samu a nan yana cikin yankin 570nm, wanda idon ɗan adam ke gani sosai.
9.2 Bambanci daga Sauran Kore LEDs
Hakanan ana iya yin Kore LEDs ta amfani da fasahar Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda yawanci ke samar da launin shuɗi-kore ko kore mai tsabta a gajerun tsayin daka (kusan 520-530nm). Kore na tushen AlInGaP (kusan 570nm) sau da yawa yana bayyana mafi rawaya-kore ko "lemu" kore. Zaɓin ya dogara da ainihin daidaitawar launi da aikace-aikacen ke buƙata. Kore na AlInGaP a cikin wannan kewayon tsayin daka gabaɗaya suna da launi mai tsayayye a kan halin tuƙi da zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da wasu kore na InGaN.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)
10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λP)
shine tsayin daka inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd)shine tsayin daka guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda ya dace da launin LED da ake gani idan aka kwatanta da hasken farin tunani. Don LEDs tare da bakan mai daidaito, sau da yawa suna kusa. Matsakaicin tsayin daka yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da fahimtar launi na ɗan adam.10.2 Shin Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da samar da 3.3V ba tare da resistor ba?
A'a, ba a ba da shawarar wannan kuma yana iya lalata LED.
Tare da VF na yau da kullun na 2.0-2.4V, haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 3.3V zai haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa, wanda ya wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga na 30mA DC. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor mai iyakancewar halin yanzu lokacin amfani da tushen ƙarfin lantarki.10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin bin lokacin yin oda?
Kuna iya ƙayyade haɗin bins don samun LEDs tare da halaye masu matsewa. Misali, neman "Iv=R1, VF=D3, λd=C" zai ba ku LEDs tare da ƙarfin haske tsakanin 112-140 mcd, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tsakanin 2.0-2.2V, da matsakaicin tsayin daka tsakanin 567.5-570.5 nm. Idan ba a ƙayyade bin ba, za ku karɓi samfurin daga gaurayawan samarwa na yau da kullun.
10.4 Shin wannan LED ya dace da amfani a waje?
Bayanin bayanai ya ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki na -40°C zuwa +85°C, wanda ya ƙunshi yanayi da yawa na waje. Duk da haka, dogon lokaci na fallasa ga hasken rana kai tsaye, radiation UV, da danshi na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy akan lokaci. Don mawuyacin yanayin waje, ya kamata a yi la'akari da LEDs da aka ƙayyade da kuma tattara su musamman don irin waɗannan yanayi (misali, tare da ɗaukar silicone).
11. Misalin Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira
11.1 Alamar Yanayin Gaban Gaban don Sauya Hanyar Sadarwa
Bukatu:
Samar da bayyananniyar alamar haɗin kai/ayyiki kore da ake iya gani daga kusurwoyi daban-daban akan na'urar da aka sanya a cikin rack.Zaɓin Ƙira:
An zaɓi LTST-010KGKT saboda kusurwar kallonsa na 110°, yana tabbatar da ganuwa ko da an duba shi daga gefe. Kore na AlInGaP yana ba da launi na musamman, mai jan hankali.Ai watar:
An yi amfani da banki na LEDs 8, ɗaya kowane tashar jiragen ruwa. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, duk LEDs an ƙayyade su daga bin ƙarfin haske ɗaya (misali, R1). Ana tuƙa su daga layin dogo na 5V ta hanyar masu jurewa na iyakancewar halin yanzu na 150Ω (an ƙididdige su don VF na 2.2V typ. da IF=20mA: R = (5V - 2.2V) / 0.02A = 140Ω; 150Ω shine mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen). Tsarin PCB yana amfani da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar tare da ƙaramin haɗin taimakon zafi zuwa filin ƙasa don watsar da zafi.12. Trends na Fasaha
12.1 Ingantacciya da Ƙanƙantawa
Gabaɗayan yanayin SMD LEDs yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin fitarwar haske a kowace wutar lantarki) da ƙarin ƙanƙantawa. Duk da yake wannan sashe yana wakiltar girman fakitin da ya girma, sabbin fakitoci kamar chip-scale LEDs (CSLED) suna fitowa, suna ba da ƙananan ƙafafu. Ƙoƙarin ingantaccen amfani da makamashi a duk kayan lantarki yana tura LEDs waɗanda ke ba da haske da ake buƙata a ƙananan halaye.
12.2 Kwanciyar hankali da Daidaiton Launi
Ci gaba a cikin girma na epitaxial da kayan marufi yana nufin inganta daidaiton launi (rage yaduwa a cikin bin) da kwanciyar hankali a tsawon rayuwar na'urar da a cikin bambance-bambancen zafin jiki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da LEDs da yawa kusa da juna, kamar a cikin nuni mai cikakken launi ko jerin hasken baya.
12.3 Haɗawa
Akwai ƙaruwar yanayin haɗa da'irar tuƙi na LED (tushen halin yanzu na akai-akai, sarrafa duhu na PWM) kai tsaye cikin modules ko ma a kan fakitin LED kanta, yana sauƙaƙa ƙira ga masu amfani na ƙarshe da inganta amincin tsarin gaba ɗaya.
There is a growing trend toward integrating the LED driver circuitry (constant current source, PWM dimming control) directly into modules or even onto the LED package itself, simplifying design for end-users and improving overall system reliability.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |