Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Girman Fakitin
- 3. Ƙima da Halaye
- 3.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa
- 3.2 Shawarar Bayanin Yanayin IR Reflow (Tsari mara Gubar)
- 3.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- 4. Tsarin Rarrabuwa
- 4.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
- 4.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV)
- 4.3 Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (\u03bbd)
- 5. Matsakaicin Lankwasa Ayyuka
- 6. Jagorar Mai Amfani don Haɗawa da Sarrafawa
- 6.1 Tsaftacewa
- 6.2 Shawarar Tsarin Pad na PCB da Jagorar Haɗin Gwiwa
- 6.3 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin Tef da Reel
- 7. Muhimman Gargaɗi da Bayanan Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Iyakokin Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi
- 7.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- 7.3 Jagororin Tsarin Haɗin Gwiwa
- 8. Tunani na Ƙira da Binciken Fasaha
- 8.1 Iyakance Halin Gaba da Tsarin Tuƙi
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Ƙirar Gani don Haskakawa Mai Daidaituwa
- 8.4 Zaɓin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon da Tasirin Rarrabuwa
- 8.5 Kwatanta da Sauran Fasahohin LED
- 9. Jagora na Musamman na Aikace-aikace da Magance Matsaloli
- 9.1 Matsakaicin Kewayawar Aikace-aikace don Nuna Yanayi
- 9.2 Matsaloli na Gama Gari da Magani
- 10. Ka'idojin Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
- 10.1 Asalin Ka'idar Aiki
- 10.2 Trends na Masana'antu
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da fitilar LED da ake haɗawa a saman allon lantarki (SMD). An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don haɗawa ta atomatik a cikin allon lantarki (PCB) kuma ya dace da aikace-aikacen da sarari ya zama matsala. LED ɗin yana amfani da ƙwayar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) mai haske sosai don samar da hasken kori, wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin fakitin ruwa mai tsabta.
1.1 Siffofi
- Ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
- Yana da ƙwayar kori ta AlInGaP mai haske sosai tare da igiyoyin da aka yi da tin don ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa.
- An tattara shi a cikin tef na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, wanda ya dace da daidaitaccen fakitin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Lantarki).
- Haɗin kai (IC) daidaitattun halayen tuƙi.
- An ƙera shi don dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik (pick-and-place).
- Ya dace da amfani da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na infrared (IR) reflow.
1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi
An yi wannan LED don ɗimbin kayan aikin lantarki, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga:
- Na'urorin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya da wayoyin hannu).
- Kayan aikin sarrafa ofis da kwamfutocin tebur.
- Kayan amfani na gida da kayan sarrafa masana'antu.
- Tsarin hanyar sadarwa da allunan nuni na cikin gida.
- Ayyuka na musamman sun haɗa da hasken baya na maɓalli/keyboard, alamomin yanayi, ƙananan nuni, da hasken sigina/alamomi.
2. Girman Fakitin
An saka LED ɗin a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin SMD. Launin ruwan tabarau ya kasance mai tsabta, kuma tushen hasken shine ƙwayar kori ta AlInGaP. Duk ƙayyadaddun girman girman suna \u00b10.1 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An ba da takamaiman tsayi, faɗi, da girman tsayi a cikin cikakken zanen injiniya a cikin ainihin takardar bayanai.
3. Ƙima da Halaye
3.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa
An ƙayyade ƙima a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25\u00b0C. Wucewa waɗannan ƙimar na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):62.5 mW
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (IF(PEAK)):60 mA (a cikin sake zagayowar aiki 1/10, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms)
- Halayen Gaba na DC (IF):25 mA
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Topr):-30\u00b0C zuwa +85\u00b0C
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40\u00b0C zuwa +85\u00b0C
- Yanayin Haɗin Gwiwa na Infrared:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 260\u00b0C na iya ɗaukar daƙiƙa 10 kawai.
3.2 Shawarar Bayanin Yanayin IR Reflow (Tsari mara Gubar)
An ba da shawarar yanayin zafin jiki don haɗin gwiwa mara gubar, yawanci yana bin ka'idojin JEDEC. Wannan bayanin ya haɗa da matakan dumama, jiƙa, sake zagayowar, da sanyaya, tare da iyakar matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260\u00b0C.
3.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
Ana auna ma'auni na yau da kullun a Ta=25\u00b0C da IF=20mA, sai dai idan an lura.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):18.0 - 71.0 mcd (millicandela). An auna shi tare da tacewa wanda ya kusanci amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2\u03b81/2):Digiri 130. An bayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (\u03bbP):574 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (\u03bbd):567.5 - 576.5 nm. An samo shi daga madaidaitan chromaticity na CIE.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Spectral (\u0394\u03bb):15 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):1.90 - 2.40 V.
- Halayen Baya (IR):10 \u03bcA (matsakaici) a VR=5V.
Bayanan Aunawa:An jaddada taka tsantsan game da Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (ESD). Ana ba da shawarar daidaita mutane da kayan aiki ta hanyar igiyoyin wuyan hannu ko safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki lokacin sarrafa na'urar.
4. Tsarin Rarrabuwa
An rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni bisa mahimman ma'auni don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace. Ana amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanai ga kowane rukuni.
4.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
An rarraba shi a IF=20mA. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kowane rukuni shine \u00b10.1V.
- Rukuni 4: 1.90V - 2.00V
- Rukuni 5: 2.00V - 2.10V
- Rukuni 6: 2.10V - 2.20V
- Rukuni 7: 2.20V - 2.30V
- Rukuni 8: 2.30V - 2.40V
4.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV)
An rarraba shi a IF=20mA. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kowane rukuni shine \u00b115%.
- Rukuni M: 18.0 - 28.0 mcd
- Rukuni N: 28.0 - 45.0 mcd
- Rukuni P: 45.0 - 71.0 mcd
4.3 Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (\u03bbd)
An rarraba shi a IF=20mA. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kowane rukuni shine \u00b11 nm.
- Rukuni C: 567.5 - 570.5 nm
- Rukuni D: 570.5 - 573.5 nm
- Rukuni E: 573.5 - 576.5 nm
5. Matsakaicin Lankwasa Ayyuka
Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da hotunan mahimman halaye don taimakawa wajen ƙira. Waɗannan lankwasan, yawanci ana zana su akan halin gaba na gaba ko zafin yanayi, suna nuna alaƙa da yanayi don ma'auni kamar:
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Halin Gaba na Gaba (IF)
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF) da Halin Gaba na Gaba (IF)
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken da Zafin Yanayi (Ta)
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon da Zafin Yanayi (Ta)
- Rarraba Rarraba Spectral (yana nuna kololuwar fitarwa da rabin faɗi)
Waɗannan lankwasan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban da kuma aiwatar da daidaitaccen ƙira na kewayawa da sarrafa zafi.
6. Jagorar Mai Amfani don Haɗawa da Sarrafawa
6.1 Tsaftacewa
Ya kamata a guji masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai waɗanda ba a bayyana ba saboda suna iya lalata fakitin LED. Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, ana ba da shawarar nutsar da shi cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.
6.2 Shawarar Tsarin Pad na PCB da Jagorar Haɗin Gwiwa
An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don PCB don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Hoto kuma yana nuna daidaitaccen jagorar LED (yawanci ana yiwa alama ta alamar cathode akan na'urar) dangane da pad ɗin PCB.
6.3 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin Tef da Reel
Ana ba da LED ɗin a cikin tef ɗin da aka zana wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Muhimman ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun haɗa da:
- Faɗin tef: 8 mm.
- Tazarar aljihu da girma don gidan ɓangaren.
- Tef ɗin rufewa yana rufe aljihun.
- Diamita na cibiyar reel, diamita na flange, da girma gabaɗaya.
- Matsakaicin adadin tattarawa: guda 3000 a kowane reel.
- Ƙananan adadin oda don sauran reels: guda 500.
- Yin bin ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481.
7. Muhimman Gargaɗi da Bayanan Aikace-aikace
7.1 Iyakokin Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi
An ƙera wannan LED don amfani a cikin kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun (misali, ofis, sadarwa, gida). Ba a yi niyya don aikace-aikacen da gazawar zai iya haifar da barazana kai tsaye ga rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, tsarin aminci mai mahimmanci) ba tare da tuntuɓar farko da takamaiman cancanta ba.
7.2 Yanayin Ajiya
- Fakitin da aka Rufe:Ajiye a \u2264 30\u00b0C da \u2264 90% Yanayin Yanayi (RH). Yi amfani da shi a cikin shekara guda lokacin da aka tattara shi tare da abin bushewa.
- Fakitin da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a \u2264 30\u00b0C da \u2264 60% RH. Ya kamata a yi IR-reflow ɓangarorin a cikin mako guda na buɗewa (Matsakaicin Yanayin Yanayi 3, MSL 3).
- Ajiya Mai Tsayi (An Buɗe):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da abin bushewa ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
- Rebaking:LED ɗin da aka ajiye daga ainihin fakitin na >1 mako ya kamata a gasa shi a kusan 60\u00b0C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗin gwiwa don cire ɗanɗano da aka sha da hana \"popcorning\" yayin sake zagayowar.
7.3 Jagororin Tsarin Haɗin Gwiwa
An ba da cikakkun ma'auni na haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗawa:
Haɗin Gwiwa na Reflow (Ana Ba da Shawara don Ba tare da Gubar ba):
- Zafin Jiki na Kafin Dumama: 150\u00b0C \u2013 200\u00b0C
- Lokacin Kafin Dumama: Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 120
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki: Matsakaicin 260\u00b0C
- Lokaci a Kololuwa: Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 10 (ana ba da izinin sake zagayowar biyu kawai)
Haɗin Gwiwa na Hannu (Ƙarfe na Haɗin Gwiwa):
- Zafin Jiki na Ƙarshen Ƙarfe: Matsakaicin 300\u00b0C
- Lokacin Haɗin Gwiwa: Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 3 a kowane pad (sau ɗaya kawai)
Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Mafi kyawun bayanin sake zagayowar ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, ɓangarorin, man haɗin gwiwa, da tanda. Bayanin da aka bayar misali ne mai bin ka'idojin JEDEC. Halayen matakin allon yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsari. Ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin amincin ɓangare da matakin allon don tabbatar da tsarin haɗawa.
8. Tunani na Ƙira da Binciken Fasaha
8.1 Iyakance Halin Gaba da Tsarin Tuƙi
Dole ne a yi la'akari da kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) na 1.9V zuwa 2.4V a 20mA lokacin ƙirar tsarin tuƙi. Dole ne a samar da tushen halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da tushen wutar lantarki don hana wuce matsakaicin halin gaba na DC na 25mA. Ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu (Rlimit) za a iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: Rlimit= (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Yin amfani da matsakaicin VFdaga rukunin yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce matakin da ake so ba ko da tare da bambancin raka'a zuwa raka'a.
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Duk da cewa rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa a 62.5 mW, ingantaccen ƙirar zafi har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tsawon rai da kwanciyar hankali na fitar da haske. Dole ne a yi la'akari da raguwar ƙarfin haske tare da haɓakar zafin yanayi (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lankwasan ayyuka) cikin buƙatun haske na aikace-aikace. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB a kusa da pad ɗin LED na iya taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi da kiyaye ƙananan zafin jiki.
8.3 Ƙirar Gani don Haskakawa Mai Daidaituwa
Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi, mai watsewa maimakon hasken da aka mayar da hankali. Don allunan hasken baya ko alamomin da ke buƙatar ƙarin hasken jagora, ƙila a buƙaci na biyu na gani (kamar jagororin haske ko ruwan tabarau). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana ba da ƙaramin watsewar haske daga fakitin kanta.
8.4 Zaɓin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon da Tasirin Rarrabuwa
Rarrabuwar matsakaicin tsawon tsawon tsawon (C, D, E) yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED don takamaiman buƙatun launi. Misali, aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman launin kori don daidaita launi ko sigina zai amfana da ƙayyadaddun ƙunƙun tsawon tsawon tsawon. Matsakaicin kololuwa na yau da kullun a 574 nm da faɗin spectral na 15 nm suna ayyana tsaftar launin hasken kori da aka fitar.
8.5 Kwatanta da Sauran Fasahohin LED
Amfani da kayan AlInGaP don hasken kori yana ba da fa'idodi a wasu fannoni idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohi kamar InGaN (da ake amfani da shi don shuɗi da wasu LED kori). LED ɗin AlInGaP a al'ada suna nuna ingantacciyar inganci a cikin bakan ja zuwa rawaya-kori kuma suna iya ba da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali akan zafin jiki. Zaɓin na musamman ya dogara da tsawon tsawon tsawon da ake buƙata, inganci, farashi, da yanayin aikace-aikace.
9. Jagora na Musamman na Aikace-aikace da Magance Matsaloli
9.1 Matsakaicin Kewayawar Aikace-aikace don Nuna Yanayi
Ai watar sauƙaƙa ta haɗa da haɗa LED a jere tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu zuwa filin GPIO na microcontroller ko layin wutar lantarki na tsarin (misali, 3.3V ko 5V). Sa'an nan microcontroller na iya canza filin don kunna ko kashe alamar. Don samar da 5V da manufa IFna 20mA, ta amfani da V mai ra'ayin mazan jiyaFna 2.4V, ƙimar resistor zata kasance R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor 130 ko 150 Ohm zai dace.
9.2 Matsaloli na Gama Gari da Magani
- Duhu ko Babu Hasken:Duba polarity (haɗin baya). Tabbatar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na takamaiman rukunin LED ya dace da lissafin kewayawar tuƙi. Auna ainihin halin yanzu tare da multimeter.
- Hasken da bai dace ba a cikin LED ɗin da yawa:Wannan sau da yawa yana faruwa ne saboda bambancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) lokacin da aka haɗa LED ɗin a layi daya ba tare da iyakance halin yanzu na kowane ɗayan ba. Yi amfani da resistors daban-daban ga kowane LED ko aiwatar da tsarin tuƙi na halin yanzu na yau da kullun.
- Gazawar LED Bayan Haɗin Gwiwa:Mai yiwuwa ya haifar da zafi mai yawa yayin haɗin gwiwa na hannu (>300\u00b0C ko >3s) ko rashin daidaitaccen bayanin sake zagayowar (wucewa 260\u00b0C kololuwa). Tabbatar da ma'auni na tsari kuma tabbatar da an bi ka'idojin sarrafa MSL idan an fallasa fakitin zuwa ɗanɗano.
- Lalacewar ESD:Gazawar na iya faruwa nan da nan ko bayyana azaman raguwar aiki akan lokaci. Koyaushe ku bi ƙa'idodin ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.
10. Ka'idojin Aiki da Trends na Fasaha
10.1 Asalin Ka'idar Aiki
Ana samar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence a cikin ƙwayar semiconductor na AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce yuwuwar haɗin gwiwa na diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin layukan Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphide suna ƙayyade makamashin bandgap don haka tsawon tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, kori.
10.2 Trends na Masana'antu
Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED ɗin SMD yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci na haske (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt na shigar da wutar lantarki), ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙunƙun rarrabuwa, da ƙara amincin a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da halin yanzu mafi girma. Fakitin yana ci gaba da haɓaka don ingantaccen aikin zafi da sarrafa gani. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba da tuƙi don ƙananan ƙira yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitar da haske, da kuma haɗa kai tare da na'urorin lantarki na tuƙi don mafita na haske \"mai hankali\". Amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aiki da hanyoyin da suka dace da haɗin gwiwa mara gubar ya kasance daidaitaccen buƙatu a duniya.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |