Bayanin Fasaha na LED LTST-S110KGKT - AlInGaP Kori - 25mA - 62.5mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTST-S110KGKT na'urar LED ce mai hawa a saman (SMD) wacce aka tsara don haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik. Tana cikin dangin ƙananan LED da aka yi niyya don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin kayan aikin lantarki.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Wannan LED tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga masana'antar lantarki ta zamani. Fasalulluka na farko sun haɗa da bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari), wanda ya sa ya dace da kasuwanni na duniya masu ƙaƙƙarfan dokokin muhalli. Na'urar tana amfani da ƙwayar semiconductor AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) mai haske sosai, wanda aka sani da ingantacciyar inganci da tsaftar launi a cikin bakan kore. An gama kunshin da lallausan tagulla, yana haɓaka iya gyarawa da dogon lokacin aminci. Yana cikakken dacewa da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa na atomatik da kuma hanyoyin gyaruwar IR (infrared), waɗanda suke daidaitattun a cikin samarwa mai yawa. Ana ba da LED a cikin kaset 8mm na masana'antu akan reels 7-inch, yana sauƙaƙe sarrafawa da haɗawa.

Aikace-aikacen manufa sun bambanta, suna mai da hankali kan wuraren da ƙaramin girma, aminci, da bayyananniyar alama suke da mahimmanci. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin hannu), na'urori na sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin tebur), tsarin hanyar sadarwa, kayan aikin gida daban-daban, da hasken alama ko alamar cikin gida. Amfani na musamman a cikin waɗannan na'urori ya haɗa da hasken baya na maɓalli ko madannai, alamomin yanayi, ƙananan nuni, da fitilun sigina gabaɗaya.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken sigogi na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai da aiki mai aminci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na gaba (IF) shine 25 mA. A ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin 1/10 da faɗin bugun 0.1ms, na'urar na iya ɗaukar matsakaicin halin gaba na 60 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin baya (VR) shine 5 V. Ya kamata ba a wuce gawarwakin wutar lantarki gabaɗaya na 62.5 mW. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C, kewayon zafin ajiya ya fi faɗi kaɗan, daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. Mahimmancin, LED na iya jure gyaruwar infrared tare da matsakaicin zafin 260°C na fiye da dakika 10, wanda ya yi daidai da sifofin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne sigogi na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a Ta=25°C ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji. Ƙarfin haske (Iv), ma'auni na hasken da ake gani, ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 18.0 millicandelas (mcd) zuwa matsakaicin 71.0 mcd lokacin da aka tuka a daidaitaccen gwajin na 20 mA. Kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman 2θ1/2 (ninki biyu na rabin kusurwa), shine digiri 130. Wannan faɗin kusurwar kallo ya sa LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ganin daga wuraren da ba a kan axis ba yake da mahimmanci.

Halayen bakan suna bayyana ta hanyar tsayin raƙuman ruwa da yawa. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman fitarwa (λP) yawanci shine 574 nm. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, yana da ƙayyadaddun kewayon daga 567.5 nm zuwa 576.5 nm a 20 mA. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) yawanci shine 15 nm, yana nuna tsaftar bakan hasken kore da ake fitarwa.

A lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) a 20 mA ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 1.9 V zuwa matsakaicin 2.4 V. An ƙayyade halin baya (IR) a matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya na 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba Bin

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bisa mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatu don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Matsayi na Ƙarfin Gaba (VF)

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga faɗuwar ƙarfin gaba a 20 mA. Lambobin kwandon, mafi ƙanƙanta, da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki sune kamar haka: Lamba 4 (1.9V - 2.0V), Lamba 5 (2.0V - 2.1V), Lamba 6 (2.1V - 2.2V), Lamba 7 (2.2V - 2.3V), da Lamba 8 (2.3V - 2.4V). Haƙuri a cikin kowane kwandon shine ±0.1 volt. Zaɓin LED daga kwandon VF ɗaya yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya ba tare da masu iyakancewar halin yanzu na kowane mutum ba.

3.2 Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken (IV)

Wannan rarrabuwa yana rarraba LED bisa ga fitowar haske a 20 mA. Kwandon sune: Lamba M (18.0 - 28.0 mcd), Lamba N (28.0 - 45.0 mcd), da Lamba P (45.0 - 71.0 mcd). Haƙuri akan kowane kwandon ƙarfi shine ±15%. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin haske wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen, ko yana buƙatar babban ganuwa ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.

3.3 Matsayi na Hue (Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa Mai Rinjaye)

Don sarrafa daidaiton launi, ana rarraba LED ta tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye. Kwandon sune: Lamba C (567.5 - 570.5 nm), Lamba D (570.5 - 573.5 nm), da Lamba E (573.5 - 576.5 nm). Haƙuri ga kowane kwandon shine ±1 nm. Yin amfani da LED daga kwandon hue ɗaya yana da mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen da daidaitawar launi tsakanin alamomi da yawa yake da mahimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, wanda yake da mahimmanci don ƙira mai ƙarfi.

4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa halayen I-V yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin da ke gudana ta LED da ƙarfin lantarki a cikinta. Ga LED na AlInGaP na yau da kullun kamar wannan, lanƙwasa yana nuna haɓakar ma'auni. Ƙarfin lantarki na \"gwiwa\", inda halin ya fara ƙaruwa sosai, yana kusa da 1.8-1.9V. Bayan wannan batu, ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin halin yanzu. Wannan yana jaddada mahimmancin amfani da direba na halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko mai iyakancewar halin yanzu don hana guduwar zafi da tabbatar da aiki mai tsauri.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke auna tare da halin tuƙi. Yawanci, ƙarfin haske yana ƙaruwa kusan a layi daya tare da halin yanzu har zuwa wani lokaci. Duk da haka, a manyan halayen yanzu, inganci yana raguwa saboda ƙaruwar samar da zafi a cikin guntu (raguwar inganci). Yin aiki a ko ƙasa da shawarar 20mA yana tabbatar da ingantaccen inganci da tsawon rai.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Fitowar hasken LED yana dogara da zafin jiki. Yayin da yanayin yanayi (ko zafin haɗin gwiwa) ya ƙaru, ƙarfin haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa. Wannan lanƙwasa raguwa yana da mahimmanci don ƙira aikace-aikacen da dole ne su kiyaye takamaiman matakin haske akan ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin aiki, musamman zuwa babban iyaka na +85°C.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Taswirar rarraba ƙarfin bakan yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Ga LED kore AlInGaP, wannan lanƙwasa yawanci kololuwa ɗaya ce, kunkuntar kunkuntar da ke kewaye da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye. Ramin rabi (Δλ) na 15 nm yana nuna tsaftataccen launin kore, wanda ake so don bayyanannun alamomi, cikakken alamomi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin SMD na masana'antu. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da tsawon gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi. Ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta. Duk girma ana ba da su a cikin millimeters tare da daidaitaccen haƙuri na ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Cikakken bayanan girma yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar sawun PCB daidai da tabbatar da sanyawa da gyarawa daidai.

5.2 Tsarin Ƙasar PCB da aka Shawarta da Polarity

An ba da shawarar tsarin kushin gyarawa (tsarin ƙasa) don tabbatar da samar da haɗin gyarawa mai aminci da daidaitawar daidai yayin sake kwarara. Ƙirar ta yi la'akari da samuwar fillet na gyarawa da taimakon zafi. Tashar cathode (maras kyau) yawanci ana gano ta ta hanyar alama akan jikin kunshin, kamar tsaga, ɗigo, ko alamar kore. Daidaitaccen jagorar polarity yayin haɗawa wajibi ne don na'urar yin aiki.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Sigogi na Gyaruwar Infrared Reflow

Don hanyoyin gyarawa marasa gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin martabar zafin jiki. Wannan bayanin yawanci ya haɗa da yankin pre-heat (misali, 150-200°C), hawan da aka sarrafa, yankin matsakaicin zafin jiki, da yankin sanyaya. Mahimmin sigogi shine cewa dole ne zafin jikin na'urar kada ya wuce 260°C fiye da dakika 10. Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa ga ruwan tabarau na epoxy na LED, ɗaurin waya na ciki, ko guntu na semiconductor kanta.

6.2 Gyarawa da Hannu

Idan gyarawa da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai. Zafin ƙarshen guntun gyarawa bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar tare da tashar LED ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3 don aikin gyarawa guda ɗaya. Yin amfani da zafi mai yawa na iya lalata kayan aiki ba za a iya juyawa ba.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Dole ne a yi tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa tare da masu narkewa masu dacewa. Kafafen tsaftacewa masu barasa kawai, kamar barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ya kamata a yi amfani da su. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa masu tsauri ko waɗanda ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata kunshin filastik, haifar da canza launi, fashewa, ko rage fitowar haske.

6.4 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Ajiya daidai yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye iya gyarawa. Buɗaɗɗen jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da desiccant suna da tsawon rai. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin marufi, LED suna da hankali ga danshin yanayi (Matakin Hankalin Danshi, MSL 3). Ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin mako ɗaya ko a adana su a cikin yanayi mai bushewa (misali, akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko akwatin nitrogen). Idan an fallasa su ga danshin yanayi fiye da mako guda, ana buƙatar tsarin gasa (misali, 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20) kafin gyarawa don cire danshin da aka ɗauka da hana \"popcorning\" yayin sake kwarara.

6.6 Taka Tsantsan Game da Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED suna da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne hanyoyin sarrafawa su haɗa da ƙasa daidai. Ma'aikata ya kamata su yi amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali. Dole ne duk tashoshin aiki, kayan aiki, da injina su kasance a ƙasa daidai don hana abubuwan ESD waɗanda zasu iya lalata ko lalata haɗin gwiwar semiconductor.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da samfurin don haɗawa ta atomatik. An kunna shi a cikin kaset 8mm mai faɗi mai ɗaukar hoto. An naɗe kaset ɗin akan daidaitattun reels diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 3000 na LED. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, akwai mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481, yana tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitattun masu ciyar da kaset akan injunan ɗauka da sanyawa.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

8.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu

LED na'ura ce mai tuƙi na halin yanzu. Resistor na jerin shine mafi sauƙin hanyar iyakance halin yanzu lokacin da aka kunna daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_source - VF_LED) / I_desired. Misali, tare da wadata 5V, VF na 2.1V, da halin yanzu da ake so na 20mA, ƙimar resistor zata zama (5 - 2.1) / 0.02 = 145 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor 150 Ohm zai dace. Dole ne kuma a yi la'akari da ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor: P = I^2 * R = (0.02)^2 * 150 = 0.06W, don haka resistor 1/8W (0.125W) ko mafi girma ya isa.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Ko da yake ƙanana, LED suna samar da zafi a haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa yana rage fitowar haske, yana motsa tsayin raƙuman ruwa, da gajarta tsawon rai. Don ƙira waɗanda ke aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na yanayi ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu, yi la'akari da shimfidar PCB. Yin amfani da PCB tare da filin ƙasa ko ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin kushin zafi na LED (idan akwai) na iya taimakawa wajen tarwatsa zafi. Guji sanya LED kusa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi.

8.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Amincewa

An ƙera wannan LED don amfani a cikin daidaitattun kayan aikin lantarki na kasuwanci da masana'antu. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintacce na musamman inda gazawar zai iya jefa lafiya ko lafiya cikin haɗari (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, mahimman tsarin sufuri), ƙarin cancanta da tuntuba na musamman suna da mahimmanci. Daidaitaccen na'urar bazai dace da irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen masu aminci ba tare da ƙarin kima ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

LTST-S110KGKT, bisa fasahar AlInGaP, tana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahohin LED kore kamar GaP na gargajiya (Gallium Phosphide) ko InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don wasu tsayin raƙuman ruwa. LED na AlInGaP gabaɗaya suna ba da inganci mafi girma da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki a cikin bakan amber zuwa ja, kuma don takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa kore, suna iya ba da mafi kyawun aiki dangane da haske da kwanciyar hankali na launi idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar fasahar GaP. Kusurwar kallonta na digiri 130 ya fi faɗi fiye da wasu kunshin kallon gefe ko saman da aka tsara don ƙarin haske mai jagora, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai fa'ida don alamar yanayi inda ganin faɗin kusurwa yake da amfani. Haɗuwar ruwan tabarau mai tsabta da ƙwayar AlInGaP mai haske yana haifar da launin kore mai rai, cikakke wanda ke da sauƙin bambanta.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye?

Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λP) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda lanƙwasa rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfinsa. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa mai rinjaye (λd) an samo shi daga zanen chromaticity na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda zai yi daidai da launin da ake gani na LED. Don LED masu ƙunƙuntaccen bakan, waɗannan ƙimomin sau da yawa suna kusa, amma λd shine mafi dacewa sigogi don ƙayyadaddun launi.

10.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da tushen ƙarfin lantarki kai tsaye?

A'a. Ƙarfin gaba na LED yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin zafin jiki kuma ya bambanta daga naúrar zuwa naúrar. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da halin da ba a sarrafa ba, mai yiwuwa ya wuce matsakaicin ƙima kuma ya lalata na'urar. Koyaushe yi amfani da tsarin iyakancewar halin yanzu, kamar resistor na jerin ko direba na halin yanzu na yau da kullun.

10.3 Me ya sa akwai tsarin binning don ƙarfin haske da tsayin raƙuman ruwa?

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin aiki tsakanin LED ɗaya. Binning yana rarraba su cikin ƙungiyoyi masu halaye masu kama da juna. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar siyan sassa tare da garantin mafi ƙanƙanta/matsakaicin aiki (misali, haske, launi) don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samfurin ƙarshe, musamman lokacin amfani da LED da yawa.

10.4 Menene zai faru idan na wuce iyakar dakika 10 a 260°C yayin sake kwarara?

Wuce gona da iri na lokacin-zafin jiki na iya haifar da gazawa da yawa: fashewar damuwa na zafi na ruwan tabarau na epoxy, lalacewar abin rufe fuska na ciki (wanda ke haifar da duhu), gazawar ɗaurin waya, ko lalacewar guntu na semiconductor kanta. Wannan zai haifar da raguwar fitowar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar na'urar gabaɗaya.

11. Misalai na Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

11.1 Alamar Yanayi don Na'urar Masu Amfani

A cikin lasifika mai ɗaukuwa na Bluetooth, LTST-S110KGKT guda ɗaya za a iya amfani da ita azaman alamar yanayi/wutar lantarki. Ana tuƙa shi a 10-15 mA ta hanyar mai iyakancewar halin yanzu daga babban layin 3.3V ko 5V, yana ba da haske mai haske, haske kore. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin yanayin daga kowane kusurwa kusan. Dole ne ƙirar ta haɗa da daidaitaccen sawun PCB kuma ta tabbatar cewa ba a sanya LED a bayan ruwan tabarau mai launi mai zurfi ko watsawa wanda zai buƙaci mafi girman halin tuƙi.

11.2 Hasken Baya don Maɓalli na Membrane

Don maɓalli na'urar likita, ana iya shirya LED da yawa daga kwandon ƙarfi ɗaya (misali, Lamba N) a kewayen kewayen don samar da hasken baya daidai. Za a haɗa su cikin haɗin jerin layi tare da masu iyakancewar halin yanzu da suka dace don tabbatar da daidaiton haske. Dole ne a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi idan ana tuƙa LED da yawa lokaci ɗaya a cikin ƙuntataccen sarari.

12. Gabatarwar Fasaha

LTST-S110KGKT tana amfani da kayan semiconductor AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) da aka girma akan substrate. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntu, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap don haka tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, kore. An ɗora guntu a cikin kunshin leadframe, an ɗaure shi da waya, kuma an rufe shi da ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta wanda ke kare guntu da siffantar fitar da haske. Lallausan tagulla akan jagororin waje yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan iya gyarawa da juriya ga oxidation.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED masu nuna alama na SMD yana ci gaba zuwa ga inganci mafi girma (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace naúrar wutar lantarki), ingantaccen daidaiton launi da jikewa, da ƙananan girman kunshin don ba da damar ƙirar PCB mai yawa. Haka nan akwai mayar da hankali kan haɓaka aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu wuya, kamar mafi girman zafin jiki da danshi. Tuƙin ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba, tare da LED na kunshin sikelin guntu (CSP) suna zama mafi yawa don mafi ƙuntataccen aikace-aikacen sarari. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa kayan aikin sarrafa lantarki kai tsaye tare da mutuwar LED (misali, don tuƙi na halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko haɗa launi) yanki ne na ci gaba da ci gaba.