Takardar Bayani na Fasaha na LTST-E681UGWT SMD LED na Kore mai Ruwan Tabarau mai Watsawa - Girman Kunshin - 3.8V na Karfin Lantarki na Gaba - 30mA - 114mW na Ragewar Wutar Lantarki - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na na'urar haske mai fitar da haske (LED) mai haɗawa da saman (SMD). Kayan yana da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa wanda aka ƙera don ba da rarraba haske mai faɗi da daidaito, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai daidaito maimakon wani haske mai mai da hankali. Tushen haske yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda aka ƙera don fitar da haske a cikin bakan tsayin kore. An ƙera samfurin don dacewa da hanyoyin haɗa na'urorin lantarki na zamani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin muhalli, tsarin kunshin da ya dace da sarrafa masana'antu mai yawa ta atomatik, da kuma dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin siyar da guduro na infrared. Waɗannan fasalulluka sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau ga na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, fitilun nuni na gabaɗaya, hasken baya na allon da nuni, da sauran aikace-aikace daban-daban a cikin kayan aikin ofis, na'urorin sadarwa, da na'urorin gida inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen hasken kore mai daidaito.

2. Bincike mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Ana ƙayyade aikin LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin yanayin zafi (25°C). Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai kyau da kuma cimma aikin da ake tsammani.

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ƙayyade iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin kuma ya kamata a guje su don ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):114 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na nan take, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini na 1ms).
• Halin yanzu na DC na Gaba (I_F):30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba don aiki mai tsayayye.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don adana na'urar lokacin da ba a aiki ba.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na yau da kullun na aikin da aka auna a wurin aiki da aka ba da shawarar (I_F= 30mA, T_a=25°C).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):1120 - 2800 mcd (millicandela). Wannan yana ƙayyade hasken da ake gani na LED kamar yadda firikwensin da aka tace ya auna don dacewa da amsawar ido na ɗan adam. Faɗin kewayon yana nuna ana amfani da tsarin binning (duba Sashe na 3).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimarsa da aka auna akan-axis. Kusurwar digiri 120 tana tabbatar da cewa ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana ba da tsarin dubawa mai faɗi sosai.
• Matsakaicin Tsayin Tsayin Watsawa (λ_P):518 nm. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda fitarwar ƙarfin bakan na LED ya kasance a matsakaicinsa.
• Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa (λ_d):520 - 535 nm. An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE, wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda ya fi bayyana launin hasken da ake gani. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):35 nm. Wannan yana nuna faɗin bakan, ko kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa da aka fitar. Ƙimar 35nm ta zama ruwan dare ga kore InGaN LED.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):3.3V (Typ.), 3.8V (Max.) a 30mA. Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a ƙayyadadden halin yanzu. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdigar ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da ake buƙata.
• Halin yanzu na Baya (I_R):10 μA (Max.) a V_R= 5V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin bias na baya ba; wannan ma'auni kawai yana ƙayyade halin yanzu na ɓarna a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Lambobin Bin

Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da masana'antar semiconductor, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bayan samarwa. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin takamaiman rukuni. Ma'auni uku masu mahimmanci ana bin su.

3.1 Bin na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Bin D7 zuwa D11 suna rarraba LED bisa ga raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 30mA. Misali, bin D9 ya ƙunshi LED tare da V_Ftsakanin 3.2V da 3.4V. Ana amfani da jurewar ±0.1V ga kowane iyakar bin. Zaɓin LED daga bin ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da LED da yawa suka haɗu a layi ɗaya don tabbatar da rabon halin yanzu iri ɗaya.

3.2 Bin na Ƙarfin Hasken

Bin W1, W2, X1, da X2 suna rarraba fitarwar haske. Misali, bin X2 ya ƙunshi LED mafi haske tare da ƙarfi tsakanin 2240 da 2800 mcd. Jurewar ±11% ya shafi kewayon kowane bin. Wannan binning yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin haske da ya dace da aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani.

3.3 Bin na Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa

Bin AP, AQ, da AR suna rarraba LED ta hanyar daidaitaccen inuwar kore, wanda matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa ya ƙayyade. Bin AP ya ƙunshi 520.0-525.0 nm (kore mai ɗan shuɗi), yayin da bin AR ya ƙunshi 530.0-535.0 nm (kore mai rawaya). Jurewar shine ±1nm. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na launi inda ake buƙatar takamaiman launi.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

4.1 Girman Kunshi

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen ƙafar kunshi na EIA. An ba da duk mahimman girma don ƙirar pad na PCB da sanya kayan a cikin zane-zanen takardar bayani, gami da tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, da tazarar jagora. Jurewar yawanci ±0.2mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. An haɗa ruwan tabarau mai watsawa cikin jikin kunshin.

4.2 Gano Polarization da Ƙirar Pad

Kayan yana da polarization. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan kunshin, kamar tsaga, kore dot, ko yanke kusurwa akan ruwan tabarau. An ba da shimfidar pad ɗin haɗawa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwal da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin da kuma bayan aikin siyar da guduro. Ƙirar pad ta yi la'akari da taimakon zafi da wicking na solder.

5. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa

5.1 Ma'auni na Siyar da Guduro

Na'urar tana dacewa da hanyoyin siyar da guduro na infrared (IR), gami da siyar da guduro maras gubar. An ba da shawarar bayanin martaba, daidai da ma'aunin J-STD-020B. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:

• Zafin Pre-heat:150-200°C.
• Lokacin Pre-heat:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 260°C.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Tsawon lokaci da aka ba da shawarar bisa ga ƙayyadaddun man guduro.

Bayanin martaba yana jaddada haɓaka da sanyaya da aka sarrafa don rage girgizar zafi.

5.2 Bayanan Siyar da Hannu

Idan siyar da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai:

• Zafin Ƙarfe na Siyarwa:Matsakaicin 300°C.
• Lokacin Tuntuɓar:Matsakaicin dakika 3 kowane jagora.
• Mita:Ya kamata a yi siyarwa sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa lalata kunshin ko haɗin gwiwar ciki.

5.3 Yanayin Ajiya da Sarrafawa

LED suna da damuwa ga danshi. An tilasta takamaiman yanayin ajiya don hana "popcorning" (fashewar kunshi) yayin sake kwarara saboda danshin da aka sha.

• Kunshi Mai Rufi:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% Danshi na Dangi (RH). Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda.
• Kunshi da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan an fallasa shi ga iskar yanayi fiye da sa'o'i 168, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin siyarwa don fitar da danshi.
• Don tsawaita ajiya bayan buɗewa, yi amfani da akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko desiccator da aka tsarkake da nitrogen.

5.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyarwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Nitsar LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kunshin filastik ko ruwan tabarau.

6. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tepe da Reel

Ana samar da abubuwan a cikin tsarin da ya dace da injunan zaɓi da sanyawa ta atomatik.

• Faɗin Tepe:8 mm.
• Diamita na Reel:Inci 7 (178 mm).
• Adadin kowane Reel:Guda 2000.
• Matsakaicin Adadin Oda (MOQ):Guda 500 don sauran adadi.
• Kunshin yana bin ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. Ana rufe ramukan da ba kowa a cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya da tepe na saman don kare abubuwan.

7. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

7.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'ura ce mai aiki da halin yanzu. Fitowar haskenta shine aikin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F), ba ƙarfin lantarki ba. Don haka, ba a ba da shawarar tuƙa shi da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayayye saboda zai iya haifar da guduwar zafi da lalacewa. Hanyar daidaitacce kuma mafi aminci ita ce amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere lokacin da aka samar da wutar lantarki daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki (misali, V_CC= 5V ko 3.3V). Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R_S) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_S= (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Don LED da yawa, ana ba da shawara sosai don amfani da resistor daban-daban ga kowane LED da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya don tabbatar da rarraba halin yanzu da haske iri ɗaya, saboda ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) na iya bambanta kaɗan ko da a cikin bin.

7.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa ragewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa kaɗan (114mW matsakaici), ƙirar zafi mai kyau tana tsawaita rayuwar LED kuma tana kiyaye ingantaccen fitarwa na gani. Tabbatar da ƙirar pad na PCB tana ba da isasshen taimakon zafi don watsa zafi cikin allon. Yin amfani da LED a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu (30mA) ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafi (kusa da +85°C) zai rage fitarwar haskensa kuma yana iya rage rayuwarsa. Rage halin yanzu na aiki al'ada ce ta gama gari don aikace-aikacen ingantaccen dogaro.

7.3 Haɗin Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 na ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana ba da tsarin haske mai faɗi, mai laushi. Wannan yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da LED da kanta ake nufin a duba shi kai tsaye a matsayin mai nuni ko inda ake buƙatar daidaitaccen hasken baya na ƙaramin yanki ko alama. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (kamar ruwan tabarau daban). Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage bayyanar madaidaicin wurin mutuwa, yana haifar da mafi daidaitaccen saman fitarwa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED masu ruwan tabarau masu tsabta, wannan bambancin ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana musayar matsakaicin ƙarfin axial (candela) don kusurwar dubawa mafi faɗi da mafi daidaito. Wannan zaɓi ne na aiki, ba gazawar aiki ba. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Phosphide (GaP) kore LED, na'urar tushen InGaN tana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske (fitowar haske mafi haske don halin yanzu ɗaya) da launin kore mai cikar cikawa, tsantsa. Dacewarta da siyar da guduro maras gubar, mai zafi yana bambanta shi da tsofaffin LED na rami ko na'urorin da ke buƙatar siyar da hannu, yana daidaita shi da layukan haɗawa na zamani na SMT ta atomatik.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

9.1 Wane resistor ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi tare da samar da 5V?

Yin amfani da V na yau da kullun_Fna 3.3V da I da ake so_Fna 20mA (don rayuwa mai tsawo), lissafin shine: R = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.020A = 85 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitacce shine 82 Ohms ko 100 Ohms. Yi sake lissafin ainihin halin yanzu tare da zaɓaɓɓen resistor da max/min V_Fdaga bin don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance cikin iyakokin aminci.

9.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da fil ɗin microcontroller na 3.3V?

Yana yiwuwa amma yana da ƙalubale. V na yau da kullun_F(3.3V) yana daidai da samarwa, ba ya barin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba don resistor a jere a halin yanzu na aiki da ake so. LED na iya haskaka a sume ko ba a ko'ina, musamman idan V_Fyana a ƙarshen mafi girma na kewayon (har zuwa 3.8V). Ana ba da shawarar da'irar tuƙi ta LED ta musamman ko na'urar haɓakawa don ingantaccen aiki daga layin dogo na 3.3V.

9.3 Me yasa yanayin ajiya yana da tsauri haka?

Kunshin epoxy na filastik na iya sha danshi daga iska. Yayin saurin dumama na sake kwarara, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi nan take, yana haifar da babban matsi na ciki. Wannan na iya haifar da fashewar kunshi ("tasirin popcorn") ko rabuwa, yana haifar da gazawa nan take ko rage dogon lokacin dogaro. Hanyoyin ajiya da gasa suna hana sha danshi.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

Fitar haske a cikin wannan LED ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin haɗin p-n na semiconductor InGaN. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce yuwuwar gina haɗin gwiwa, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na gawa na Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) a cikin yankin aiki yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙayyade tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, kore. Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa an yi shi da resin na epoxy mai ɗauke da barbashi masu watsawa waɗanda ke bazuwar alkiblar hasken da aka fitar, suna faɗaɗa kusurwar dubawa.

11. Trends na Masana'antu

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da mai da hankali kan ƙara ingantaccen haske (lumens kowace watt), inganta bayyana launi, da rage farashi. Don LED na SMD irin na nuni, trends sun haɗa da ƙarin ƙaramin girman (ƙananan girman kunshi kamar 0402 da 0201), mafi girman dogaro don aikace-aikacen motoci da na masana'antu, da haɓaka mafi daidaitaccen da matsatsun kwandon aiki don taimaka wa masu ƙira cimma sakamakon gani iri ɗaya. Tuƙi zuwa matakan mafi girma na sarrafa kai a haɗawa kuma yana tura ƙarin ƙarfin kunshi wanda zai iya jure ƙarin ƙayyadaddun bayanan martaba.