Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Girman Fakit da Ƙayyadaddun Injiniya
- 3. Ƙimar da Halaye
- 3.1 Ƙimar Matsakaici
- 3.2 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani
- 4. Tsarin Rarraba Kwandon
- 4.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
- 4.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV)
- 4.3 Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd)
- 5. Lanƙwan Aiki na Yau da Kullun da Bincike
- 5.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)
- 5.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 5.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Zafin Yanayi
- 5.4 Rarraba Bakan
- 6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Sarrafawa
- 6.1 Tsarin Faɗin PCB da Ake Ba da Shawara
- 6.2 Tsarin Siyar da Guduro
- 6.3 Siyar da Guduro ta Hannu (Idan Ya Kamata)
- 6.4 Tsaftacewa
- 6.5 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi
- 7. Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa da Tef da Reel
- 8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 8.1 Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Kariya daga ESD (Fitar da Lantarki na Tsaye)
- 8.4 Ƙirar Gani
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Jagorar Zaɓi
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
- 10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya?
- 10.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ba?
- 10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon lokacin yin oda?
- 10.4 Shin wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen mota?
- 11. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na LTST-020KFKT, wata na'ura mai haskakawa (LED) da ake haɗawa ta fuskar allo (SMD). Wannan ɓangaren yana cikin dangin ƙananan LED da aka ƙera don haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik da kuma aikace-aikacen da sarari ya zama matsala. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da haske mai launin lemu. Ƙananan girmansa da dacewa da hanyoyin masana'antu na yau da kullun sun sa ya dace da haɗawa cikin kayan lantarki na zamani.
1.1 Siffofi
- Ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari).
- An tattara shi a cikin tef ɗin masana'antu mai girman 12mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch don tsarin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Tsarin fakitin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antu na Lantarki) na yau da kullun.
- Matsakaicin ma'auni na dabarar haɗin kai (I.C.).
- An ƙera shi don dacewa da na'urorin sanyawa da haɗawa ta atomatik.
- Ya dace da amfani da hanyoyin siyar da guduro ta infrared (IR).
- An riga an shirya shi don saurin zuwa Matakin Hatsarin Danshi na JEDEC (Majalisar Injiniyan Na'urorin Lantarki) 3.
1.2 Aikace-aikace
An ƙera LTST-020KFKT don amfani da yawa a fannoni daban-daban. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:
- Sadarwa:Alamomin halin aiki a cikin na'urorin sadarwa, modem, da masu sauya hanyoyin sadarwa.
- Sarrafa Ofis:Hasken baya don maɓallai da alamomin halin aiki a cikin na'urorin bugawa, na'urorin sikan, da na'urorin kwafi.
- Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Alamomin wutar lantarki/caji a cikin wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin hannu, kwamfutoci, da kayan aikin gida.
- Kayan Aikin Masana'antu:Alamomin allon na'ura don injina, tsarin sarrafawa, da kayan aikin ma'auni.
- Alamar Gabaɗaya:Hasken sigina da alama, hasken baya na allon gaba, da alamar halin aiki gabaɗaya.
2. Girman Fakit da Ƙayyadaddun Injiniya
LED ɗin yana cikin ƙaramin fakitin masana'antu mai girman 020. Manyan ma'auni na injiniya sune kamar haka:
- Tsawon Fakit: 2.0 mm
- Faɗin Fakit: 1.25 mm
- Tsayin Fakit: 1.1 mm
- Tazarar Jagora: 1.05 mm
Launin Ruwan Tabarau:Bayyananne Kamar Ruwa
Launin da ake Fitowa:Lemu (AlInGaP)
Bayanan kula:Duk ma'auni suna cikin milimita. Ana ba da izinin ±0.2mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Fakitin ya haɗa da alamar polarity (yawanci alamar cathode) don daidaitaccen yanayin yayin haɗawa.
3. Ƙimar da Halaye
Duk ƙayyadaddun bayanai an ayyana su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Wucewa da Ƙimar Matsakaici na iya haifar da lalacewar na'ura ta dindindin.
3.1 Ƙimar Matsakaici
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):72 mW
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF(peak)):80 mA (a cikin zagayowar aiki 1/10, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms)
- Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF):30 mA DC
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C
3.2 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani
Teburin da ke gaba yana cikakken bayyana ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun lokacin da ake amfani da na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun (IF= 20mA).
- Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):90.0 - 280.0 mcd (millicandela). An auna shi tare da tacewa wanda ya kusanci lanƙwan amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 110 (na yau da kullun). An ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwa inda ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λp):611 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd):600 - 612 nm. An samo shi daga ma'auni na launi na CIE.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):17 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):1.8 - 2.4 V. Ana ba da izinin ±0.1V.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (IR):10 μA (matsakaici) a VR= 5V. Lura: Ba a ƙera wannan na'urar don aikin bias na baya ba; wannan ma'auni don dalilai na gwajin infrared ne kawai.
4. Tsarin Rarraba Kwandon
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa da aikace-aikace, ana rarraba LED ɗin cikin kwandon aiki bisa manyan ma'auni.
4.1 Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
Ana rarraba a IF= 20mA. Ana ba da izinin ±0.10V a kowane kwandon.
D2: 1.8V - 2.0V
D3: 2.0V - 2.2V
D4: 2.2V - 2.4V
4.2 Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV)
Ana rarraba a IF= 20mA. Ana ba da izinin ±11% a kowane kwandon.
Q2: 90 - 112 mcd
R1: 112 - 140 mcd
R2: 140 - 180 mcd
S1: 180 - 220 mcd
S2: 220 - 280 mcd
4.3 Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd)
Ana rarraba a IF= 20mA. Ana ba da izinin ±1nm a kowane kwandon.
P: 600 - 603 nm
Q: 603 - 606 nm
R: 606 - 609 nm
S: 609 - 612 nm
5. Lanƙwan Aiki na Yau da Kullun da Bincike
Fahimtar alaƙa tsakanin yanayin aiki da aiki yana da mahimmanci don mafi kyawun ƙira.
5.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)
Halayen I-V ba su da layi, kamar yadda diode ke saba. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana nuna ingantaccen ma'auni na zafin jiki, ma'ana yana raguwa kaɗan yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru don wani ƙarfin lantarki. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan lokacin ƙirar da'irori masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki.
5.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Fitowar haske (ƙarfin haske) yana daidai da kusan ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a cikin kewayon aiki na yau da kullun (har zuwa ƙimar ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki). Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa saboda ƙarin tasirin zafi. Yin aiki akai-akai sama da ƙimar matsakaici zai haɓaka raguwar lumen kuma ya rage tsawon rayuwa.
5.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Zafin Yanayi
Kamar yawancin LED, ƙarfin hasken guntu na AlInGaP yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi (don haka haɗin gwiwa) ya tashi. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan raguwar zafin jiki a aikace-aikacen da LED ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi ko tare da iyakancewar zafi. Takardar bayanin tana ba da lanƙwan da ke nuna wannan alaƙa, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin aiki da ake tsammani.
5.4 Rarraba Bakan
Bakan fitarwa yana kewaye da 611 nm (lemu). Rabin faɗin bakan na kusan 17 nm yana nuna launin lemu mai tsafta, mai launi ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da tushen da ke da faɗin bakan kamar LED ɗin farin da aka canza zuwa phosphor. Wannan yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman alamar launi ko tacewa.
6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Sarrafawa
6.1 Tsarin Faɗin PCB da Ake Ba da Shawara
An ba da ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa don tabbatar da ingantaccen siyar da guduro da daidaitaccen jeri. Girman faɗin da ake ba da shawarar yana la'akari da samuwar fillet ɗin guduro yayin sake kwarara. Yin amfani da ƙirar faɗin da aka ƙayyade yana taimakawa hana kabari (ɓangaren yana tsaye a ƙarshen ɗaya) kuma yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar haɗin injiniya da lantarki.
6.2 Tsarin Siyar da Guduro
Na'urar ta dace da hanyoyin siyar da guduro ta infrared (IR), gami da siyar da guduro mara gubar (Pb-free). An ba da shawarar bayanin martaba mai bin J-STD-020B, tare da manyan ma'auni ciki har da:
Zafin Rigakafin:150°C - 200°C
Lokacin Rigakafin:Matsakaicin dakika 120
Matsakaicin Zafin Sake Kwarara:Matsakaicin 260°C
Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun man guduro ya faɗi
Ƙimar Sanyaya:An sarrafa shi don rage matsin lamba na zafi.
Lura:Dole ne a siffanta ainihin bayanin martaba don takamaiman haɗin PCB, la'akari da kauri na allo, yawan ɓangaren, da nau'in man guduro.
6.3 Siyar da Guduro ta Hannu (Idan Ya Kamata)
Idan ana buƙatar gyara ta hannu, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki.
Zafin Ƙarshen Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C
Lokacin Siyar da Guduro:Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane faɗi.
Kauce wa yin amfani da matsin lamba na injiniya akan fakitin LED yayin ko bayan siyar da guduro.
6.4 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyar da guduro, yi amfani da kaushi da aka amince da su kawai. Tsoma LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Kada ka yi amfani da tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic ko tsaftace masu sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba, saboda suna iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko hatimin fakitin.
6.5 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi
LED ɗin suna da damuwa ga danshi (MSL Mataki 3).
Jakattan da aka Hatimi:Ajiye a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan ranar rufe jakar.
Bayan Buɗe Jakar:Ajiye a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 60% RH. Ana ba da shawarar kammala sake kwarara na IR cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na fallasa ga iskar yanayi.
Ajiya Mai Tsayi (An Buɗe):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai hatimi tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
Sake Gasawa:Ya kamata a gasa ɓangarorin da aka fallasa fiye da sa'o'i 168 a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin siyar da guduro don cire danshin da aka sha kuma a hana "popcorning" yayin sake kwarara.
7. Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa da Tef da Reel
Ana samar da samfurin a cikin tsarin tef-da-reel wanda ya dace da manyan na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik.
- Girman Reel:Diamita na yau da kullun 7-inch (178mm).
- Faɗin Tef:12 mm.
- Tazarar Aljihu:4.0 mm.
- Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 4,000 (cikakken reel).
- Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda (MOQ):Guda 500 don sauran reels.
- Tef ɗin Murfi:An yi amfani da shi don hatimi ɓangarorin a cikin aljihu.
- Ƙa'idodin Tattarawa:Ya bi ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481.
- Rashin ɓangarorin:Ana ba da izinin matsakaicin aljihu biyu a jere a kowane ƙayyadaddun reel.
8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
8.1 Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki
LED na'ura ce da ake tuƙa ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki. Resistor na iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere ya zama dole lokacin tuƙawa daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VFdaga takardar bayanin (2.4V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki bai wuce ƙimar da ake so ba. Misali, don tuƙawa a 20mA daga wadataccen 5V: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130Ω. Za a zaɓi ƙimar da'irar da'irar da ta fi kusa (misali, 120Ω ko 150Ω), la'akari da ƙimar wutar lantarki (P = I2R).
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Ko da yake ƙanana, LED yana haifar da zafi a haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Dole ne a mutunta ƙimar raguwar wutar lantarki (72mW) da kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C). Don ci gaba da aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki (30mA), tabbatar da PCB yana ba da isasshen taimakon zafi. Wannan na iya haɗawa da yin amfani da hanyoyin zafi a ƙarƙashin faɗin zafin LED (idan ya dace), haɗawa da zubar da tagulla, da kuma guje wa aiki a cikin wuraren da aka rufe, maras iska. Yawan zafin haɗin gwiwa yana haifar da raguwar fitowar haske, haɓaka tsufa, da yuwuwar gazawa da wuri.
8.3 Kariya daga ESD (Fitar da Lantarki na Tsaye)
Duk da yake ba a ƙayyade shi a fili don juriya ga ESD a cikin wannan takardar bayanin, LED gabaɗaya suna da hankali ga fitar da lantarki na tsaye. Ya kamata a kiyaye matakan kula da ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa: yi amfani da tashoshin aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kwantena masu ɗaukar lantarki.
8.4 Ƙirar Gani
Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 110 tana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi, mai yaduwa wanda ya dace da alamomin halin da ake nufin ganinsu daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau ko bututun haske). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana ba da damar ganin ainihin launin guntu (lemu) ba tare da launi ba.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Jagorar Zaɓi
LTST-020KFKT yana ba da takamaiman haɗin halaye. Lokacin zaɓar LED don ƙira, kwatanta abubuwan da ke gaba da madadin:
- Fasaha (AlInGaP):Yana ba da ingantacciyar inganci da tsaftar launi mai kyau a cikin bakan lemu/ja/amber. Yawanci yana da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki da tsawon rayuwa fiye da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP.
- Girman Fakit (020):Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta da'irar fakitin SMD LED, mai kyau ga alluna masu yawan gaske. Manyan fakitoci (misali, 0402, 0603) na iya zama mafi sauƙin sarrafawa ta hannu ko kuma suna iya ba da ɗan ƙaramin sarrafa wutar lantarki.
- Hasken (90-280mcd):Wannan kewayon haske ya dace da alamomin cikin gida da hasken baya. Don aikace-aikacen karanta hasken rana ko sigina mai nisa, za a buƙaci LED masu ƙarfi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki (1.8-2.4V):Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ba da damar aiki daga ƙananan wadatattun dabaru (3.3V, 5V) tare da ƙaramin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki, yana inganta ingancin wutar lantarki.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya?
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λp):Tsawon tsinkaya guda ɗaya wanda bakan fitarwa yake da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa (611 nm na yau da kullun don wannan LED).
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd):Tsawon tsinkaya guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda, lokacin da aka haɗa shi da takamaiman tunanin farin, ya dace da launin da ake ganin LED. An samo shi daga ma'auni na launi na CIE kuma ya fi dacewa da fahimtar idon ɗan adam na launi (600-612 nm don wannan LED).
10.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ba?
No.Tuƙa LED kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, wanda zai wuce ƙimar Matsakaici na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (30mA DC) da sauri, yana haifar da gazawar nan take ko sauri. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor a jere ko da'irar tuƙa mai ƙarfin lantarki akai.
10.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon lokacin yin oda?
Cikakken lambar samfur (misali, LTST-020KFKT) na iya samun ƙari da ke nuna takamaiman kwandon don VF, IV, da λd. Tuntubi mai kera ko mai rarrabawa don samun haɗin kwandon da ake samu. Zaɓar ƙananan kwandon yana tabbatar da mafi daidaitaccen aiki a cikin duk raka'a a cikin samarwar ku amma yana iya shafar farashi da samuwa.
10.4 Shin wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen mota?
Wannan da'irar takardar bayanin ba ta lissafa cancantar mota ta AEC-Q101 ba. Don amfani a cikin yanayin mota (faɗaɗa kewayon zafin jiki, girgiza, danshi), ya kamata a zaɓi LED da aka ƙware musamman ga ƙa'idodin mota.
11. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki
Yanayin:Ƙirar alamar "KUNNA" wutar lantarki don na'urar microcontroller mai 3.3V.
Manufa:Bayar da bayyananniyar alamar lemu tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na kusan 15mA (mai ra'ayin mazan jiya don dogon rayuwa).
Matakai:
1. Zaɓin Ma'auni:Daga takardar bayanin, yi amfani da V na yau da kullunFna 2.1V don ƙididdigewa. Manufa IF= 15mA.
2. Ƙididdigar Resistor:R = (Vsupply- VF) / IF= (3.3V - 2.1V) / 0.015A = 80Ω.
3. Ƙimar Da'irar & Binciken Wutar Lantarki:Zaɓi resistor na yau da kullun 82Ω. Rushewar wutar lantarki a cikin resistor: P = I2R = (0.015)2* 82 = 0.01845W. Da'irar resistor na 1/16W (0.0625W) ko 1/10W ya fi isa.
4. Tsarin PCB:Sanya resistor 82Ω a jere tare da anode na LED. Haɗa cathode na LED zuwa ƙasa. Bi shawarar tsarin faɗin daga sashe na 6.1 don LED. Tabbatar da polarity daidai ne (alamar cathode akan silkscreen na PCB ta dace da alamar LED).
5. Aikin da Ake Tsammani:A 15mA, ƙarfin hasken zai kasance daidai da ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na 20mA amma har yanzu ya isa don alamar allon. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki kuma yana rage zafin haɗin gwiwa, yana haɓaka dogon lokacin aminci.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |