Bayanin Fasaha na LED na Orange SMD - Kunshin EIA - Ƙarfin Baya na 5V - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na 75mW - Tsawon Ra'ayi na 605nm - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da LED na Orange mai haske sosai, wanda ke amfani da fasahar guntu ta AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). An ƙera na'urar don dacewa da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik da kuma gudanar da gudanarwa ta hanyar infrared reflow, wanda ya sa ya dace da samarwa mai yawa. Samfur ne mai bin ka'idojin RoHS, an tattara shi a cikin tef na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Fitowar Haske Mai Ƙarfi:Yana ba da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi daga cikin kunshi mai ƙaramin girma.
• Dacewa da Tsari:An ƙera shi don amfani da kayan aikin sanya atomatik da kuma daidaitattun bayanan gudanarwa na infrared reflow.
• Dacewa da IC:Ya dace don haɗa kai kai tsaye tare da na'urorin haɗin kai.
• Kunshi Mai Daidaitawa:Ya yi daidai da ma'aunin daidaitaccen EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance).

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

Ana amfani da wannan LED a cikin kayan lantarki na gabaɗaya, ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga alamun matsayi, hasken baya, hasken panel, da kuma hasken ado a cikin na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, kayan aikin ofis, da na'urorin sadarwa.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Gabaɗaya

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ragewar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW a Ta=25°C.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F(peak)):80 mA (pulsed, 1/10 duty cycle, 0.1ms pulse width).
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):30 mA DC.
• Matsakaicin Ragewa:0.4 mA/°C a layi daya daga yanayin zafi na 50°C.
• Ƙarfin Baya (V_R):5 V.
• Yankin Yanayin Aiki (T_opr):-30°C zuwa +85°C.
• Yankin Yanayin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Yanayin Gudanarwa na Infrared:Ya iya jure zafin jiki na 260°C na tsawon dakika 5.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna ma'auni na yau da kullun a yanayin zafi (Ta) na 25°C da kuma ƙarfin gaba (I_F) na 5mA, sai dai idan an bayyana wani abu.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 11.2 mcd zuwa mafi girma 71.0 mcd, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun da aka bayyana ta lambobin bin.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan axis.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Ra'ayi (λ_P):Yawanci 611 nm.
• Babban Tsawon Ra'ayi (λ_d):Ya bambanta daga 597 nm zuwa 612 nm, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 605 nm. Wannan yana bayyana launin da ake gani.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 17 nm, yana nuna tsaftar bakan hasken orange da ake fitarwa.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 2.3 V, tare da matsakaicin 2.3 V a I_F=5mA.
• Ƙarfin Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 μA a V_R=5V.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa (C):Yawanci 40 pF da aka auna a 0V bias da mitar 1 MHz.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske na LEDs zuwa bins don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Lambar bin tana bayyana mafi ƙarancin da mafi girman ƙarfin haske da aka auna a 5mA.

• Lambar Bin L:11.2 mcd (Mafi ƙarancin) zuwa 18.0 mcd (Mafi girma)
• Lambar Bin M:18.0 mcd zuwa 28.0 mcd
• Lambar Bin N:28.0 mcd zuwa 45.0 mcd
• Lambar Bin P:45.0 mcd zuwa 71.0 mcd

Tolerance na +/-15% ya shafi kowane bin na ƙarfi. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LEDs tare da matakin haske da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Duk da yake an ambaci takamaiman zane-zane a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Fig.1, Fig.6), ana iya fahimtar yanayin aiki na yau da kullun daga ma'auni:

• Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):LED yana nuna alaƙar I-V mai siffa. An bayyana V_Fna ~2.3V a 5mA shine wurin aiki na yau da kullun.
• Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Gaba:Ƙarfin yawanci yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin gaba, amma dole ne a ci gaba da aiki a cikin iyakar ma'auni na gabaɗaya don hana lalacewa da asarar inganci.
• Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi:Fitowar haske yawanci tana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki na haɗin gwiwa. Matsakaicin ragewa don ƙarfin gaba (0.4 mA/°C sama da 50°C) yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Bakan fitarwa yana tsakiya a kusa da 605-611 nm (orange) tare da kunkuntar rabin faɗi na 17 nm, yana ba da launi mai cikar cikar.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

LED yana cikin daidaitaccen kunshi na saman da ya dace da EIA. Duk ma'auni suna cikin millimeters tare da tolerance na gabaɗaya na ±0.10 mm sai dai idan an lura da wani abu. Ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta.

5.2 Gano Polarity & Ƙirar Pad

Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da girman shimfidar gudanarwa da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gudanarwa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin reflow. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar kunshi ko ƙirar pad na cathode/anode (duba zanen kunshi). Haɗin polarity daidai yana da mahimmanci don aikin na'urar.

6. Jagororin Gudanarwa & Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Gudanarwa na Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin infrared (IR) reflow don hanyoyin gudanarwa marasa gubar (SnAgCu). Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da:

• Pre-heat:Ramp-up zuwa 120-150°C.
• Lokacin Pre-heat:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 260°C.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Dakika 5 matsakaicin a matsakaicin zafin jiki.

Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED da guntu na ciki.

6.2 Ajiya & Gudanarwa

• Yanayin Ajiya:Ana ba da shawarar kada ya wuce 30°C da 70% zafi na dangi.
• Hankalin Danshi:LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin kunshin yakamata a sake gudanar da su a cikin mako guda. Don ajiya mai tsayi, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da desiccant ko yanayin nitrogen. Idan an ajiye ba tare da kunshi ba fiye da sa'o'i 672, ana ba da shawarar gasa a 60°C na tsawon sa'o'i 24 kafin haɗawa.
• Tsaftacewa:Idan ya cancanta, tsaftace kawai da barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a yanayin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Guji sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba.

7. Bayanin Kunshi & Oda

• Tef & Reel:Ana ba da shi a cikin tef mai faɗi 8mm mai ɗaukar kaya akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm).
• Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 3000.
• Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Oda (MOQ):Guda 500 don sauran adadi.
• Ma'aunin Kunshi:Ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. Ana rufe fanko mara komai da tef ɗin rufewa.

8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfi. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙi da yawa LEDs a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin ga kowane LED (Samfurin Da'ira A). Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙi LEDs kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Samfurin Da'ira B), saboda ɗan bambanci a cikin halayen ƙarfin gaba (V_F) tsakanin LEDs ɗaya ɗaya na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin raba ƙarfi, saboda haka, haske.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Wannan na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Lalacewar ESD na iya bayyana a matsayin babban ƙarfin zubewa na baya, ƙarancin ƙarfin gaba, ko gazawar haskakawa a ƙananan ƙarfi. Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da:

• Amfani da igiyoyin wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan wuyan 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• Ensuring all equipment, workstations, and storage racks are properly grounded.
• Using ionizers to neutralize static charge on the LED lens.

To check for potential ESD damage, verify the LED lights up and measure its forward voltage (V_F) at a low current (e.g., 0.1mA). A \"good\" AlInGaP LED should typically have V_F> 1.4V at this condition.

.3 Thermal Management

Although power dissipation is relatively low (75mW max), proper PCB layout and, if necessary, thermal vias can help dissipate heat, especially when operating at high ambient temperatures or near the maximum current rating. Respect the current derating curve above 50°C ambient.

. Technical Comparison & Differentiation

Compared to older technologies like standard GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) LEDs, this AlInGaP-based LED offers significantly higher luminous efficiency and brightness for the orange color spectrum. The water-clear lens, as opposed to a diffused or tinted lens, maximizes light output. Its compatibility with standard SMT assembly and reflow processes provides a cost advantage over devices requiring manual soldering or special handling.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

.1 Can I drive this LED directly from a 3.3V or 5V logic output?

Not without a current-limiting resistor. The typical forward voltage is ~2.3V. Connecting it directly to a voltage source higher than V_Fwill cause excessive current to flow, potentially destroying the LED. Always use a series resistor calculated as R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F.

.2 Why is there a binning system for luminous intensity?

Manufacturing variations cause slight differences in light output. Binning sorts LEDs into groups with similar performance, allowing designers to select a consistent brightness level for their product and avoid visible differences between adjacent LEDs.

.3 What is the difference between peak wavelength and dominant wavelength?

Peak wavelength (λ_P) is the wavelength at which the spectral power distribution is maximum (611 nm typical). Dominant wavelength (λ_d) is derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram and represents the single wavelength of the pure spectral color that matches the perceived color of the LED (605 nm typical). Dominant wavelength is more relevant for color specification.

. Practical Design Case Study

Scenario:Designing a status indicator panel with 10 uniformly bright orange LEDs powered from a 5V rail.
Design Steps:
1. Select Bin:Choose Bin \"M\" for a mid-range intensity of 18-28 mcd.
2. Set Operating Current:Select I_F= 5mA (test condition for binning, ensures specified brightness).
3. Calculate Series Resistor:R = (5V - 2.3V) / 0.005A = 540 Ohms. Use the nearest standard value (e.g., 560 Ohms).
4. Power per LED:P = V_F* I_F≈ 2.3V * 0.005A = 11.5 mW, well within the 75mW limit.
5. PCB Layout:Follow suggested pad dimensions. Place all 10 LEDs with their individual 560-ohm resistors in parallel from the 5V rail to ground.
6. Assembly:Follow the recommended IR reflow profile. Store opened reels in a dry cabinet if not used immediately.

. Technology Principle Introduction

This LED is based on AlInGaP semiconductor material grown on a substrate. When a forward voltage is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region where they recombine, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlInGaP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly corresponds to the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, in the orange spectrum (~605 nm). The water-clear epoxy lens encapsulates the chip and aids in light extraction.

. Industry Trends

The general trend in SMD LEDs is toward higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), improved color consistency through tighter binning, and increased reliability under higher temperature and current conditions. There is also a focus on enhancing compatibility with lead-free, high-temperature reflow processes. Miniaturization continues, but for standard indicator applications, packages like this EIA standard remain popular due to their robustness, ease of handling, and well-established assembly infrastructure.