Bayanin Fasaha na LED na SMD Orange AllnGaP - EIA Package - 20mA - 2.4V - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na na'urar haske mai haɓakawa (LED) mai haɗawa da saman (SMD) mai inganci. Na'urar tana amfani da ƙwayar semiconductor na Ultra Bright Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AllnGaP) don samar da hasken orange. An ƙera ta da ruwan tabarau na dome don ingantaccen fitar da haske da kusurwar kallo. An tattara LED a cikin daidaitaccen tsarin EIA, ana kai shi akan tef na milimita 8 da aka nannade akan reels mai diamita inci 7, wanda ya sa ya dace da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik. An rarraba shi azaman Samfurin Kore kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari).

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED ya samo asali ne daga fasahar ƙwayar AllnGaP, wacce ke ba da ingantaccen haske da ingantaccen launi don tsayin raƙuman orange. Kunshin ruwan tabarau na dome yana ƙara inganta fitar da haske kuma yana ba da daidaitaccen kusurwar kallo. Dacewarsa da daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗa infrared (IR) da tururi, da kuma haɗa igiyar ruwa, yana ba da damar haɗawa cikin sassauci zuwa layukan kera na'urorin lantarki na zamani. Na'urar kuma ta dace da I.C. (Integrated Circuit), yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'irar tuƙi.

2. Fassarar Maƙasudin Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar

An ayyana iyakokin aiki na na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na yanzu shine 30 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, ana iya yarda da kololuwar halin yanzu na 80 mA a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki shine 75 mW. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin juzu'i har zuwa 5 V. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -55°C zuwa +85°C. Don haɗawa, zai iya jure igiyar ruwa ko infrared reflow a 260°C na dakika 5, ko reflow na tururi a 215°C na mintuna 3. Faktor na rage ƙima na 0.4 mA/°C ya shafi halin yanzu na gaba sama da 50°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

An auna mahimman ma'auni na aiki a Ta=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20 mA. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙima na yau da kullun na 1200 mcd (millicandela) tare da mafi ƙarancin 450 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, shine digiri 25. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, ya bambanta daga 600 nm zuwa 610 nm tare da ƙima na yau da kullun na 605 nm. Tsayin raƙuman fitarwa (λp) yawanci shine 611 nm, kuma rabin faɗin layin gani (Δλ) shine 17 nm, yana nuna ƙaramin launi na launi. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci shine 2.0 V tare da matsakaicin 2.4 V a 20 mA. Juyin halin yanzu (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin juzu'i (VR) na 5V. Ƙarfin na'urar (C) yawanci shine 40 pF da aka auna a 0V da 1 MHz.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman ma'auni na gani don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace. Wannan binning yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun haske da launi.

3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Haske

Ana binning ƙarfin haske a yanayin gwaji na IF=20mA. Lambobin kwandon shara da kewayon da suka dace sune: U (450-710 mcd), V (710-1120 mcd), W (1120-1800 mcd), X (1800-2800 mcd), da Y (2800-4500 mcd). Ana amfani da jurewar +/-15% ga kowane kwandon ƙarfin.

3.2 Binning Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa

Hakanan ana binning tsayin raƙuman ruwa a IF=20mA. Lambobin kwandon shara sune: 1 (600-605 nm) da 2 (605-610 nm). An ƙayyade ƙaramin jurewa na +/- 1 nm ga kowane kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa launi.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana nufin lanƙwasan halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan lanƙwasan, waɗanda aka zana su yawanci, za su kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin haske (lanƙwasa I-Iv), ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu na gaba (lanƙwasa I-V), da bambancin ƙarfin haske tare da yanayin yanayi. Lanƙwasa rarraba gani yana nuna fitar da haske mai alaƙa a tsawon raƙuman ruwa, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da kololuwar 611 nm. Bincika waɗannan lanƙwasan yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar masu tuƙi na halin yanzu daidai da tsarin sarrafa zafi don kiyaye aiki mai daidaito.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED ɗin yana cikin daidaitaccen kunshin EIA. An ba da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma, tare da duk ma'aunai a cikin milimita. Jurewar yawanci ±0.10 mm ne sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Kunshin yana da ruwan tabarau na dome da aka gina daga kayan bayyananne na ruwa.

5.2 Gano Polarity da Ƙirar Pad

Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da zane don shawarar girman pad ɗin haɗawa akan allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB). Wannan shimfidar yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gwiwa, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da ɓarkewar zafi yayin reflow. Hakanan zanen ya nuna a fili haɗin anode da cathode don daidaitaccen yanayin lantarki.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanan Reflow Soldering

An ba da shawarar bayanan reflow na infrared (IR) guda biyu: ɗaya don tsarin haɗa gama gari (tin-lead) ɗaya kuma don tsarin haɗa mara gubar. An ba da shawarar musamman bayanin mara gubar don amfani da manne na SnAgCu (Tin-Silver-Copper). Waɗannan bayanan suna ayyana alaƙar lokaci-zafin jiki yayin haɗawa, gami da preheat, jiƙa, kololuwar reflow, da matakan sanyaya, don hana girgizar zafi da tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa amintacce ba tare da lalata LED ba.

6.2 Tsaftacewa da Ajiya

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman sinadarai. Ana ba da shawarar nutsar da LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kunshin. Don ajiya, ya kamata a ajiye LED a cikin yanayin da bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Abubuwan da aka cire daga ainihin kunshin shinge na danshi ya kamata a sake haɗa su cikin mako guda. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a wajen ainihin fakitin, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da bushewa ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen kuma a gasa kafin amfani.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Ana kai LED ɗin akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar milimita 8 wanda aka rufe da tef ɗin saman. An nannade tef ɗin akan daidaitattun reels mai diamita inci 7 (178 mm). Kowane cikakken reel yana ɗauke da guda 1500. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, mafi ƙarancin adadin tattarawa na guda 500 ya shafi ragowar kuri'a. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994. Ana ba da izinin mafi girman abubuwa biyu masu zuwa da aka ɓace (aljihuna fanko) a kowane reel.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED orange mai haske sosai ya dace da fa'idodi masu yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar fitilun nuni masu haske, masu raye-raye. Amfanin gama gari ya haɗa da alamomin matsayi akan kayan aikin ofis (firintoci, na'urorin hanyar sadarwa), na'urorin sadarwa, na'urorin gida, allunan sarrafawa, da hasken ciki na mota. Dacewarsa da sanya atomatik ya sa ya dace da na'urorin lantarki masu yawa na mabukaci.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Hanyar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙi da yawa LED a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED (Tsarin Da'ira A). Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙi LED a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Tsarin Da'ira B), saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) tsakanin LED na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon halin yanzu, saboda haka, rashin daidaiton haske. Ya kamata a ƙera da'irar tuƙi don yin aiki a cikin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙima, musamman ci gaba na halin yanzu na gaba.

8.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da hankali ga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD), wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa nan take ko a ɓoye, wanda zai haifar da gazawa ko ƙasƙancin aiki. Don hana lalacewar ESD: ma'aikata ya kamata su sanya rigunan wuyan hannu masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali; duk kayan aiki, teburin aiki, da racks na ajiya dole ne a kafa su da kyau; kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da ionizer (iska mai ion) don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik yayin sarrafawa. LED ɗin da ESD ya lalata na iya nuna halaye marasa al'ada kamar babban ɓarkewar juzu'i.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin banbance-bancen wannan samfurin shine amfani da fasahar ƙwayar AllnGaP don fitar da orange. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi, AllnGaP yana ba da ingantaccen inganci na haske da kwanciyar hankali na zafi, wanda ke haifar da mafi girman haske da mafi daidaitaccen fitarwa na launi a tsawon rayuwarsa da kuma bambancin zafi. Ƙirar ruwan tabarau na dome yana ba da faɗi kuma mafi daidaitaccen kusurwar kallo idan aka kwatanta da kunshin ruwan tabarau mai lebur ko kusurwar gefe. Cikakkiyar biyayyarsa ga daidaitattun bayanan reflow (dukansu masu gubar da marasa gubar) yana ba da ƙarin sassauƙa na ƙira fiye da na'urorin da ke buƙatar musamman hanyoyin ƙarancin zafi.

10. Tambayoyin da aka fi yin Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa?

A: Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) ya samo asali ne daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken da ido na ɗan adam ke gani. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λp) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda rarraba ƙarfin gani ya fi girma. Sau da yawa suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 30 mA ci gaba?

A: Duk da yake matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC na gaba shine 30 mA, yin aiki a wannan iyaka na iya rage dogon lokacin aminci da ƙara zafin haɗuwa. Don mafi kyawun rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali, ƙirar da'irar don yin aiki a ko ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun na 20 mA yana da kyau, yana amfani da raguwar ƙima mai dacewa idan yanayin yanayi ya wuce 25°C.

Q: Me ya sa ake buƙatar resistor na jere ga kowane LED a layi daya?

A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) na LED yana da jurewar samarwa. Ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba, LED tare da ƙaramin Vf kaɗan zai ja mafi yawan halin yanzu fiye da maƙwabtansu a cikin tsarin layi daya, wanda zai haifar da rashin daidaiton haske da yuwuwar gazawar wuce gona da iri na ƙananan-Vf na'urori. Resistor yana aiki azaman ballast na halin yanzu.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Harka

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon matsayi mai nuni da yawa.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar alamomi 10 na orange iri ɗaya akan allon sarrafawa. Suna zaɓar LED daga kwandon ƙarfi iri ɗaya (misali, kwandon V: 710-1120 mcd) da kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa (misali, Kwandon 2: 605-610 nm) don tabbatar da daidaito. Wutar lantarki shine 5V. Ta amfani da Vf na yau da kullun na 2.0V a 20mA, an ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jere da ake buƙata azaman R = (Vsupply - Vf) / If = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.02A = 150 Ohms. ɓarkewar wutar lantarki a cikin resistor shine P = I^2 * R = (0.02)^2 * 150 = 0.06W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor na 1/8W ko 1/4W ya isa. Da'irori guda goma iri ɗaya, kowanne yana da LED da resistor 150-ohm, an haɗa su a layi daya zuwa layin dogo na 5V. Shimfidar PCB tana amfani da girman pad ɗin da aka ba da shawarar, kuma haɗin yana bin bayanin reflow na IR mara gubar.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Fitar da haske a cikin wannan LED ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin semiconductor. Ƙwayar AllnGaP ta ƙunshi yadudduka da yawa na aluminum, indium, gallium, da mahadi na phosphide waɗanda suka samar da haɗin p-n. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin kuma a sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi azaman photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AllnGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yayi daidai da tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, orange (~605 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai siffar dome yana aiki don kare ƙwayar semiconductor, inganta ingancin fitar da haske ta hanyar rage tunani na ciki, da kuma siffata katakon zuwa ƙayyadadden kusurwar kallo.

13. Trends na Ci gaba

Yanayin LED na SMD mai nuna alama yana ci gaba zuwa ga inganci mafi girma, yana ba da damar haske iri ɗaya a ƙananan halayen tuƙi, wanda ke rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi. Hakanan ana ƙoƙarin ingantaccen daidaiton launi da ƙaramin jurewar binning don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace kamar nunin launi cikakke da hasken mota. Kunshin yana haɓakawa don ba da ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu tsauri (zafi mafi girma, zafi) da dacewa da ƙarin hanyoyin haɗawa masu ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa diodes na kariya na ESD a cikin kunshin LED kanta yana zama mafi girma don haɓaka ƙarfi yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.