Takardun Bayanin Fasaha na LED LTST-B680VEKT - AlInGaP Ja - 20mA - 710-1400mcd - Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanan fasaha na LED na'urar da ake haɗawa ta saman (SMD). An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don haɗawa ta atomatik na allon da'ira (PCB), yana da ƙaramin siffa wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. LED yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da fitowar haske ja. Ƙirarsa ta dace da tsarin haɗa ƙarfe na reflow na infrared na yau da kullun, wanda ya sa ya dace da samarwa mai yawa.

1.1 Siffofi

• Yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari).
• An yi marufi a cikin tef na 8mm akan reels mai diamita 7-inch don kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
• Tsarin fakitin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Lantarki) na yau da kullun.
• Shigarwa ya dace da matakan dabaru na haɗaɗɗun da'ira (IC).
• An ƙera shi don dacewa da bayanan bayyanar reflow na infrared.
• An riga an shirya shi zuwa Matakin Hatsarin Danshi na JEDEC (Majalisar Ƙirar Na'urar Lantarki) 3.

1.2 Aikace-aikace

Wannan LED ya dace da faɗin kewayon kayan aikin lantarki, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga:

• Na'urorin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya, wayoyin salula).
• Kayan aikin sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin littafin rubutu, tsarin hanyar sadarwa).
• Kayan amfani na gida da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci.
• Kwamitin sarrafa masana'antu da kayan aikin aunawa.
• Aikace-aikacen alamar cikin gida da nuni.

2. Girman Fakitin da Bayanan Injiniya

LED yana da fakitin SMD na yau da kullun. Ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da tsayi, faɗi, da tsayi, tare da juzu'i na gabaɗaya na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade akan cikakken zanen girma. Ana nuna polarity ta alamar cathode akan fakitin. An ba da shawarar tsarin kafa gindin PCB don haɗa ƙarfe ta infrared ko tururi don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa da sarrafa zafi.

3. Zurfin Bayanan Fasaha

3.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):130 mW a Ta=25°C.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F(peak)):100 mA (an buga shi a cikin zagayowar aiki 1/10, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms).
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):50 mA DC.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (V_R):5 V.Lura: Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin baya ba; wannan ƙimar ta farko ne don yanayin gwaji.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.

3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na yau da kullun na aiki da aka auna a yanayin zafi (T_a) na 25°C da ƙarfin gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙarancin 710 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 1400 mcd. An auna ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don kusanta da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi ƙimar da aka auna akan axis na tsakiya.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):Tsakanin 617.0 nm da 630.0 nm, yana ayyana launin ja da ake gani. Juzu'i shine ±1 nm.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 15 nm (na yau da kullun), yana nuna tsaftar bakan fitowar haske.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):Tsakanin 1.8 V da 2.6 V a 20 mA.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya na 5 V.

4. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa (Bin Rank)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace, ana rarraba LEDs bisa mahimman ma'auni. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki ko haske don da'irar su.

4.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F)

An rarraba a I_F= 20 mA. Kowane rumbu yana da juzu'i na ±0.1V.

• Rumbu D2: V_F= 1.8V zuwa 2.0V
• Rumbu D3: V_F= 2.0V zuwa 2.2V
• Rumbu D4: V_F= 2.2V zuwa 2.4V
• Rumbu D5: V_F= 2.4V zuwa 2.6V

4.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Haske (I_V)

An rarraba a I_F= 20 mA. Kowane rumbu yana da juzu'i na ±11%.

• Rumbu V1: I_V= 710 mcd zuwa 900 mcd
• Rumbu V2: I_V= 900 mcd zuwa 1120 mcd
• Rumbu W1: I_V= 1120 mcd zuwa 1400 mcd

5. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Lanƙwaso na aiki na yau da kullun suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin ma'auni daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

• Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakancewa.
• Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki, yawanci a cikin alaƙar kusa da layi a cikin kewayon aiki.
• Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Zafi:Yana nuna raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗuwa ke ƙaruwa, wanda yake da mahimmanci don sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko babban zafin yanayi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Zanen ƙarfin haske mai dangi da tsawon zango, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da tsawon zango mai rinjaye tare da rabin faɗi na halaye.

6. Jagororin Haɗa Ƙarfe da Haɗawa

6.1 Shawarar Tsarin Haɗa Ƙarfe ta Reflow

Don hanyoyin haɗa ƙarfe marasa gubar (Pb-free), bi bayanin martaba mai bin J-STD-020. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Rigakafin Zafi:150°C zuwa 200°C.
• Lokacin Rigakafin Zafi:Matsakaicin dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafi:Matsakaicin 260°C.
• Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Kamar yadda aka ƙayyade na manna haɗa ƙarfe, amma yawanci matsakaicin dakika 10.
• Matsakaicin adadin zagayowar reflow: Two.

Lura: Dole ne a siffanta ainihin bayanin martaba don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, ɓangarorin, da manna haɗa ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da su.

6.2 Haɗa Ƙarfe da Hannu

Idan haɗa ƙarfe da hannu ya zama dole:

• Zafin Ƙarfe na Haɗa Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
• Lokacin Haɗa Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace igiya.
• Matsakaicin adadin yunƙurin haɗa ƙarfe:Sau ɗaya kawai.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Yi amfani da kaushi tsaftacewa da aka amince da su kawai. Tsoma cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa. Guji ruwayen sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba.

7. Ajiya da Gudanarwa

7.1 Hatsarin Danshi

Wannan na'urar tana da matsayi MSL 3. Lokacin da ainihin jakar hana danshi ta rufe tare da abin bushewa:

• Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH.
• Rayuwar shiryayye ita ce shekara ɗaya daga ranar rufe jakar.

Da zarar an buɗe ainihin jakar:

• Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.
• Ana ba da shawarar kammala haɗa ƙarfe ta IR reflow cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7).
• Don ajiya fiye da sa'o'i 168, ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da abin bushewa ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
• Na'urorin da aka fallasa fiye da sa'o'i 168 yakamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin haɗa ƙarfe don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

7.2 Fitowar Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Ko da yake ba a ƙayyade shi a fili a matsayin na'urar mai hankali ga ESD a cikin wannan takardar bayani ba, al'adar masana'antu ce ta yau da kullun don sarrafa duk ɓangarorin semiconductor, gami da LEDs, tare da matakan kariya na ESD masu dacewa (misali, tashoshin aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu) don hana lalacewa daga wutar lantarki ko ƙaruwar wutar lantarki.

8. Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zaman Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙira na Da'irar Turawa

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfin lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da hana ƙwace ƙarfin lantarki, musamman lokacin haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, yakamata a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa a jere ga kowane LED. Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙa LEDs kai tsaye daga tushen wutar lantarki ba tare da daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ba, saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_F) na iya haifar da babban bambanci a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, saboda haka, haske tsakanin na'urori.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafin Jiki

Matsakaicin rushewar wutar lantarki shine 130 mW. Yin aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin ci gaba da ƙarfin gaba (50 mA) zai haifar da zafi. Ingantaccen shimfidar PCB, gami da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe don gindin haɗawa don yin aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye zafin haɗuwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci da kwanciyar hankali na fitowar haske.

8.3 Ƙira ta Fuskar Gani

Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi ko ganuwa daga faɗin kusurwoyi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙara mayar da hankali ga katako, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (misali, ruwan tabarau).

9. Marufi da Oda

Marufi na yau da kullun shine tef mai faɗi 8mm mai ɗaukar kaya akan reels mai diamita 7-inch (178mm). Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 2000. Aljihun tef ɗin ana rufe shi da tef ɗin saman. Marufi yana bin ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. Ƙaramin adadin oda na guda 500 na iya shafi ga sauran adadi.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Jagorar Zaɓi

Lokacin zaɓar wannan LED, manyan abubuwan banbancewa sun haɗa da fasahar AlInGaP, wanda yawanci ke ba da ingantacciyar inganci da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki don launuka ja/lemu/amber idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP. Haɗin ƙarfin haske mai yawa (har zuwa 1400 mcd) tare da faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana da mahimmanci. Masu ƙira yakamata su kwatanta V_Frarrabuwa da I_Vrarrabuwa da sararin samaniyar wutar lantarki na da'irar su da buƙatun daidaiton haske. Dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa na SMD na yau da kullun (haɗa ƙarfe ta reflow, tef-da-reel) fa'ida ce mai mahimmanci ga samarwa ta atomatik.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

11.1 Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakancewa ba?

Amsa:An ƙarfafa hana shi sosai. Ƙarfin wutar gaba yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau kuma yana iya bambanta tsakanin raka'a. Turawa kai tsaye daga tushen wutar lantarki na iya haifar da guduwar zafi, inda ƙara ƙarfin lantarki ke haifar da ƙarin zafi, wanda ke rage V_F, yana ba da damar ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki, mai yuwuwar lalata LED. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor a jere ko direba mai tsayayyen ƙarfin lantarki.

11.2 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye da Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma?

Amsa:Tsawon zango mai rinjaye (λ_d) an samo shi ne daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya na haske mai launi guda ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya da fitowar LED ga idon ɗan adam. Tsawon zango mafi girma shine tsawon zango inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Ga LEDs, tsawon zango mai rinjaye shine mafi dacewa ma'auni don ƙayyadaddun launi.

11.3 Me yasa sharuɗɗan ajiya bayan buɗe jakar suke da tsauri haka?

Amsa:Fakitin SMD na iya sha danshi daga yanayi. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na haɗa ƙarfe ta reflow, wannan danshin da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsa lamba na ciki wanda zai iya raba fakitin ko fashe die ("popcorning"). Rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 168 da buƙatun gasa hanyoyi ne na yau da kullun (JEDEC MSL) don sarrafa wannan haɗarin.

12. Misalin Ƙira na Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi tare da LEDs ja 5 a layi daya, wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar samar da DC 5V. Manufar ƙarfin gaba kowane LED shine 20 mA.

1. Ƙididdigar Resistor a Jere:Yin amfani da V na yau da kullun_F= 2.2V (Rumbu D3). R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F= (5V - 2.2V) / 0.02A = 140 Ω. Ƙimar da'irar mafi kusa na 150 Ω zai haifar da I_F≈ 18.7 mA.
2. Matsayin Ƙarfin Resistor:P = I²* R = (0.0187)²* 150 ≈ 0.052 W. Matsakaicin 1/8W (0.125W) ko resistor 1/10W ya isa.
3. Shimfidar Da'ira:Sanya resistor 150 Ω ɗaya a jere tare da kowane 5 LEDs. Kada a raba resistor guda ɗaya tsakanin LEDs da yawa a layi daya, saboda V_Fbambance-bambance zai haifar da rashin daidaiton haske.
4. Ƙira na Zafin PCB:Tabbatar cewa gindin LED yana da isasshen yanki na jan ƙarfe da aka haɗa don watsar da zafi, musamman idan yanayin yanayi yana da zafi ko idan akwatin ya ƙuntata iska.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan haɗuwar p-n semiconductor da aka ƙera daga kayan AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi wanda ya wuce shingen haɗuwa, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon zango mai rinjaye na fitowar haske - a wannan yanayin, a cikin bakan ja (617-630 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe die ɗin semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, da kuma siffata tsarin fitowar haske.

14. Trends na Fasaha

SMD LEDs suna ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabuwa, da ƙara aminci. Akwai yanayin raguwa yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara fitowar haske. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban a cikin kayan marufi yana nufin haɓaka aikin zafi, yana ba da damar mafi girman ƙarfin turawa da yawan wutar lantarki. Yaɗuwar fasahar AlInGaP don launuka ja, lemu, da amber ya fi girma tsofaffin kayan da ba su da inganci, yana ba da ingantaccen aiki akan zafin jiki da dogon rayuwar aiki. Haɗa LEDs tare da da'irar sarrafawa akan allon (misali, direbobi masu tsayayyen ƙarfin lantarki, LEDs na RGB masu adireshi) wani muhimmin yanayi ne, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin ga mai amfani na ƙarshe.