Bayanin Fasaha na LED LTST-C950RKRKT-5A - LED Ja AlInGaP - 5mA - 180-710mcd - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na LED mai ƙarfi, wanda aka ƙera don tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik. Na'urar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da hasken ja, yana ba da ingantaccen inganci da tsaftar launi idan aka kwatanta da fasahar LED ta gargajiya. An rufe shi a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, an kunna shi a cikin kunshin da ya dace da EIA, wanda ya sa ya dace da yawancin na'urorin haɗawa da sayar da infrared da ake amfani da su a masana'antar kayan lantarki na zamani.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙaramin siffarsa, dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari, da kuma bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari). An ƙera shi don amincin a cikin yanayi mai wahala, tare da ƙayyadaddun zafin aiki. Manyan kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa, kayan aikin ofis, kayan aikin gida, kwamfutocin sarrafa masana'antu, da kayan lantarki na masu amfani. Aikace-aikacen musamman sun haɗa da hasken baya don maɓallai da madannai, alamun yanayi da wutar lantarki, haɗawa cikin ƙananan nuni, da haske ko alama a cikin na'urori daban-daban.

2. Fahimtar Ma'anar Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Matsakaicin ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakar matsin lamba wanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimar a zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba (DC) shine 30 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, ana iya amfani da matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na 80 mA a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman: cikakkiyar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun 0.1 ms. Matsakaicin ƙarfin watsawa shine 75 mW. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin yanayi na -30°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana shi tsakanin -40°C da +85°C. Muhimmin ƙimar don haɗawa shine yanayin sayar da infrared, wanda aka ƙididdige shi don matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na tsawon lokaci na 10 seconds, wanda shine ma'auni don hanyoyin sake kunnawa marasa gubar.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani

Ana auna halayen lantarki da hasken gani a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji a Ta=25°C da ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 5 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi. Ƙarfin haske (Iv), ma'auni mai mahimmanci na haske, yana da faɗin kewayon daga 180.0 mcd (millicandela) zuwa 710.0 mcd, wanda aka ƙara rarraba shi zuwa takamaiman kwandon shara. Kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman 2θ1/2 inda ƙarfin ya rabi ƙimar axial, shine digiri 25, yana nuna tsarin haske mai mai da hankali. Matsakaicin tsayin fitarwa (λP) yawanci shine 639 nm, yana faɗowa cikin bakan ja. Tsayin zango (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, yawanci shine 631 nm. Ramin rabin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 20.0 nm, yana bayyana tsaftar hasken da aka fitar. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta 1.6 V zuwa matsakaicin 2.2 V a 5 mA. Ƙarfin baya (IR) an ƙayyade shi a matsakaicin 10 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5 V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Gani

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin haske don aikace-aikacen samarwa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon shara dangane da ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 5 mA. Jerin lambobin kwandon shara kamar haka ne: Lambar Kwandon Shara "S" ta ƙunshi ƙarfi daga 180.0 mcd zuwa 280.0 mcd. Lambar Kwandon Shara "T" ta ƙunshi ƙarfi daga 280.0 mcd zuwa 450.0 mcd. Lambar Kwandon Shara "U" ta ƙunshi ƙarfi daga 450.0 mcd zuwa 710.0 mcd. Ana amfani da juzu'i na +/- 15% akan iyakokin kowane kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske. Wannan rarraba yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da tabbataccen mafi ƙanƙanta matakan haske don buƙatun aikace-aikacen su na musamman, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani a cikin samfuran da ke amfani da LED da yawa.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar (misali, Hoto na 1 don aunin bakan, Hoto na 5 don kusurwar kallo), daidaitattun lanƙwasa aiki na irin wannan na'urar gabaɗaya za su haɗa da wasu mahimman alaƙa. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I-V) zai nuna alaƙar da ke da alaƙa da diode, tare da ƙarfin lantarki yana tashi da sauri bayan ƙofar buɗewa. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Hasken Gani da Ƙarfin Gaba yawanci yana nuna ƙaruwar haske kusa da layi tare da ƙarfin har zuwa wani lokaci, bayan haka inganci na iya raguwa saboda tasirin zafi. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Hasken Gani da Zafin Yanayi yana da mahimmanci, saboda fitarwar LED gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya ƙaru. Ga LED ja AlInGaP, raguwar ƙarfi tare da zafin jiki yawanci ba shi da tsanani fiye da wasu fasahohin LED amma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a cikin ƙira. Lanƙwasa Rarraba Bakan zai nuna kololuwa guda ɗaya a kusa da 639 nm tare da ƙayyadadden rabin faɗi, yana tabbatar da tsaftar launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin da Ƙa'idar

An saka LED a cikin kunshin na'urar da aka haɗa ta saman (SMD). Launin ruwan tabarau shine ruwa mai tsabta, kuma launin hasken tushe shine ja daga guntuwar AlInGaP. An ba da duk mahimman girman kunshin a cikin milimita, tare da daidaitaccen juzu'i na ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Takardar bayanin ta ƙunshi cikakken zanen girma wanda ke nuna tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da sauran mahimman siffofi na injiniya. Ana nuna ƙa'idar ta hanyar ƙirar jiki na kunshin, yawanci tare da alamar cathode (kamar tsaga, ɗigo, ko kusurwa mai kusurwa) a ƙarshen ɗaya. Daidaitaccen yanayin lokacin sanyawa akan allon da'ira (PCB) yana da mahimmanci don aiki mai kyau.

5.2 Shawararriyar Allon Haɗin PCB

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don PCB don tabbatar da ingantaccen sayarwa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Wannan tsarin yana ƙayyade girman da siffar farantin tagulla don anode da cathode, da kuma buɗewar maskar sayar da shawarar. Yin bin wannan shawarar sawun ƙafa yana taimakawa wajen cimma ingantaccen siffar fillet na sayarwa, yana hana kabari (kayan aiki a tsaye), kuma yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin zafi da lantarki.

6. Jagororin Sayarwa da Haɗawa

6.1 Sigogi na Sayar da IR Reflow

Don hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin martaba na sake kunnawa. Bayanin martaba ya haɗa da matakin pre-heat a cikin kewayon 150°C zuwa 200°C, tare da matsakaicin lokacin pre-heat na dakika 120 don dumama allon da kayan aiki a hankali kuma a kunna flux. Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba. Lokacin da ya wuce zafin ruwa na solder (yawanci kusan 217°C don gami da SAC) kuma musamman lokacin a cikin 5°C na matsakaicin zafin jiki ya kamata a sarrafa; takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade matsakaicin dakika 10 a matsakaicin zafin jiki. Kada a sanya na'urar ta wuce zagaye biyu na sake kunnawa a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi. An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin martaba ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, manna solder, da tanda, kuma ya kamata a siffanta shi daidai, ta amfani da ma'auni na JEDEC a matsayin jagora.

6.2 Sayar da Hannu

Idan sayar da hannu tare da ƙarfe ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai. Zafin ƙarshen ƙarfen sayar da bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar tare da tashar LED ya kamata a iyakance ga matsakaicin dakika 3 kowane haɗin gwiwa. Ya kamata a yi sayar da hannu sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa lalacewar matsin lamba na zafi ga cikin mutuwa da haɗin waya.

6.3 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

LED ɗin na'urori ne masu kula da danshi (MSL 3). Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin jakar su ta asali mai rufaffiyar danshi tare da desiccant, ya kamata a kiyaye su a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da kuma 90% danshi na dangi (RH) ko ƙasa da haka, kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe marufi na asali, yanayin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka cire daga marufin asali ya kamata a yi IR-reflowed a cikin mako guda. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da jakar asali, dole ne a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen. Idan an adana shi ba tare da kunshin ba fiye da mako guda, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗin gwiwar sayarwa don cire danshin da aka sha kuma don hana lalacewar "popcorning" yayin sake kunnawa.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan sayarwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi. Nitse LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau. Yin amfani da masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy da kayan kunshin.

6.5 Tsare-tsaren Fitarwa na Electrostatic (ESD)

LED yana da hankali ga fitarwa na electrostatic da igiyoyin ruwa, wanda zai iya lalata ko lalata haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Dole ne a aiwatar da ingantattun sarrafawa na ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da bel ɗin wuyan hannu, safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali, da tabbatar da cewa duk kayan aiki da samfuran aiki suna da tushe da kyau.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tepe da Reel

Ana ba da LED ɗin da aka kunna don haɗawa ta atomatik. An saka su a cikin tepe mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 12 mm. An nade tepe ɗin akan daidaitaccen reel mai diamita 7-inch (178 mm). Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 2000. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, ana samun mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500 don sauran kaya. Tepe yana da hatimin murfin saman don kare abubuwan. Kunshin ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. Ana ba da izinin mafi girman abubuwan da suka ɓace guda biyu a jere (aljihuna fanko) a kowane reel.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'ura ce mai sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da tsawon rai, dole ne a tuƙa shi tare da ƙarfin lantarki mai sarrafawa, ba ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙayyadadden ba. Mafi sauƙi kuma mafi shawara hanyar tuƙi ita ce amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin don kowane LED, kamar yadda aka nuna a "Da'irar A" a cikin takardar bayanin. Wannan tsari, wanda tushen wutar lantarki (Vcc) ke ba da ƙarfi, yana tabbatar da cewa bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) na kowane LED ba sa haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, sabili da haka, haske lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF, inda IF shine ƙarfin gaba da ake so (misali, 5 mA don gwaji, har zuwa 30 mA matsakaicin ci gaba).

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Yayin da kunshin yake ƙanƙanta, sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da aminci. Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya ƙaru. A cikin aikace-aikacen da ake tuƙa LED a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa, ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafi, ya kamata a mai da hankali ga shimfidar PCB. Samar da isasshen yanki na tagulla a kusa da kushin LED na iya zama mai sanyaya zafi, yana taimakawa wajen kawar da zafi daga na'urar. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar guje wa sanyawa kusa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi.

8.3 Iyakoki na Aikace-aikace

Ana nufin amfani da na'urar a cikin kayan lantarki na yau da kullun. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincin na musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya (kamar a cikin jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, ko tsarin mahimmanci na aminci), tuntubar musamman da cancanta sun zama dole, saboda daidaitattun kayan kasuwanci na kasuwanci bazai dace ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) LED ja, guntuwar AlInGaP da ake amfani da ita a cikin wannan na'urar tana ba da ingantaccen inganci na haske, yana haifar da ƙarin haske don ƙarfin tuƙi iri ɗaya. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, sabanin ruwan tabarau mai watsewa ko launi, yana ƙara fitar da haske kuma yana ba da mafi kyawun wurin launi, cikakken launi. Kunshin ma'aunin EIA yana tabbatar da haɗin kai mai faɗi tare da layukan haɗawa na masana'antu da ɗakunan ajiya, yana rage rikitarwa na ƙira da masana'antu. Daidaitawar na'urar tare da sayar da sake kunnawa na infrared da matakin danshi (MSL 3) suna da alaƙa da na'urorin SMD na zamani, suna daidaita su tare da manyan hanyoyin masana'antu, masu yawan gaske.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin zango da tsayin zango?
A: Tsayin zango (λP) shine tsayin zango wanda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma (639 nm). Tsayin zango (λd) an samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin zango guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda zai dace da launin LED (631 nm). Tsayin zango yana da alaƙa da launin da ake gani.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 20 mA ci gaba?
A: Ee. Matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba shine 30 mA. Tuƙa shi a 20 mA yana cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanin. Lura cewa ƙarfin haske yawanci yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki, amma ainihin ƙimar a 20 mA zai buƙaci a ƙiyasta daga daidaitattun lanƙwasa aiki ko a auna, kamar yadda takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade ƙarfi a 5 mA.

Q: Me ya sa ake buƙatar resistor na jerin ko da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wutar lantarki ya dace da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED?
A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da kewayon (1.6V zuwa 2.2V). Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya tsaya a, a ce, 2.0V, LED tare da VF na 1.6V zai sami ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da yadda ake nufi, wanda zai iya haifar da zafi da gazawa. Resistor na jerin yana ba da ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayayye, mai hasashe ba tare da la'akari da bambancin yanayi na VF daga LED ɗaya zuwa wani ba.

Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen kwandon shara don aikace-aikacena?
A: Zaɓi kwandon shara bisa mafi ƙarancin hasken da ake buƙata don ƙirar ku ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin tuƙi. Idan daidaito yana da mahimmanci (misali, a cikin jerin fitilun yanayi), ƙayyadaddun kwandon shara guda ɗaya, mai ƙarfi (kamar T ko U) da oda duk raka'a daga wannan kwandon shara zai tabbatar da daidaitaccen bayyanar. Don aikace-aikacen da ba su da mahimmanci, faɗin kwandon shara ko gauraye kwandon shara na iya zama karbuwa don ceton kuɗi.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Shawara

Harka: Ƙirar Allon Nuna Yanayi don Router na Cibiyar Sadarwa
Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar panel tare da LED ja guda huɗu na yanayi da ke nuna "Wutar Lantarki," "Intanet," "Wi-Fi," da aikin "Ethernet". LED ɗin suna buƙatar bayyana a fili a cikin yanayin ofis mai haske. Tsarin wutar lantarki na tsarin shine 3.3V. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi wannan LED don babban haskensa da daidaitaccen kunshin. Don cimma bayyananniyar alama, sun yanke shawarar tuƙa kowane LED a 10 mA. Ta amfani da VF na yau da kullun na 1.9V, sun ƙididdige resistor na jerin: R = (3.3V - 1.9V) / 0.01A = 140 Ohms. An zaɓi daidaitaccen resistor na 150 Ohm. Don tabbatar da cewa duk LED huɗu suna da daidaitaccen haske, mai ƙira ya ƙayyade Kwandon Shara "T" (280-450 mcd) a cikin lissafin kayan aiki. Shimfidar PCB ta haɗa da shawarar shimfidar ƙasa da ɗan ƙaramin yanki na tagulla a kusa da kushin don ɗan sauƙin zafi. Gidan haɗin gwiwar yana amfani da bayanin martaba na IR da aka bayar, kuma samfurin ƙarshe yana nuna daidaitattun, masu haske, da amintattun alamomin yanayi.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'ida

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin su. Wannan LED na musamman yana amfani da gami da semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don yankinsa mai aiki. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga kayan n-type da ramuka daga kayan p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin mai aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na kayan AlInGaP yana ƙayyade tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin ɓangaren ja na bakan gani (kusan 631-639 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntu, yana kare shi daga muhalli, kuma yana siffanta fitar da hasken haske.

13. Trends na Ci gaba

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar SMD LED yana ci gaba zuwa ga inganci mafi girma (lumens mafi yawa kowace watt), wanda ke ba da damar ko dai ƙara haske a ƙarfin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya ko rage amfani da wutar lantarki don fitar da haske iri ɗaya. Hakanan akwai tuƙi zuwa ga ƙananan ƙira, tare da kunshin ya zama ƙanƙanta yayin da ake kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani. Ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rayuwar aiki sune burin koyaushe, ana cimma su ta hanyar inganta ƙirar guntu, kayan kunshin, da sarrafa zafi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaramin rarraba da mafi kyawun daidaiton launi suna da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingancin gani mai girma, kamar hasken baya na nuni da hasken mota. Haɗa kayan lantarki na sarrafawa, kamar direbobi na yau da kullun, a cikin kunshin LED da kansa wani yanayi ne na girma, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'ira don mai amfani na ƙarshe.