Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED LTST-C283KRKT-5A - 2.0x1.25x0.2mm - LED Ja 631nm - 30mA

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na fitilar LED mai haɗawa ta saman (SMD). An ƙera wannan kayan don haɗa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) ta atomatik, yana da ƙaramin siffa wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Babban aikinsa shine ya zama tushen haske mai inganci don nuni, hasken baya, da manufofin sigina.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwannin da Ake Nufi

Na'urar tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da suka sa ta dace da masana'antar kayan lantarki na zamani. Ta bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari). Kunshin yana da siriri sosai, yana auna kawai 0.2 mm a tsayi, yana ba da damar amfani a cikin samfuran siriri sosai. Yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda aka sani da samar da ingantaccen haske a cikin bakan launin ja. An tattara kayan a cikin tef ɗin daidaitaccen masana'antu na 8mm akan reels na inci 7, yana sa ya dace da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa na atomatik mai sauri. An kuma ƙera shi don jure daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗa reflow na infrared (IR) da ake amfani da su a cikin layukan haɗa na'urori ta saman (SMT).

Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi suna da faɗi, sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya da wayoyin hannu), na'urori na sarrafa ofis (misali, kwamfutocin tebur, tsarin cibiyar sadarwa), kayan aikin gida, da kayan aikin masana'antu. Amfani na musamman ya haɗa da hasken baya na maɓalli ko madannai, alamomin yanayi, ƙananan nuni, da aikace-aikacen haske na sigina ko alamomi daban-daban.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani game da iyakoki na cikakke da halaye na aiki na yau da kullun na na'urar. Duk ma'auni an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi daban.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar ci gaba da aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_F(PEAK)):80 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin gaba na gaba da aka yarda da shi na nan take, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms) don sarrafa nauyin zafi.
• Halayen Gaba na DC (I_F):30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai dogaro.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-30°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin jiki don ajiya mara aiki.
• Yanayin Haɗa Infrared:260°C na dakika 10. Matsakaicin bayanin zafin jiki wanda kunshin zai iya jurewa yayin haɗa reflow don hanyoyin da ba su da gubar.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):4.5 - 45.0 mcd (millicandela) a I_F= 5mA. Wannan faɗin kewayon ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar tsarin binning (duba Sashe na 3). Ana auna ƙarfi ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da madaidaicin madaidaicin amsawar ido na ɗan adam na CIE.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi darajar da aka auna akan axis na tsakiya (0°). Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana nuna ƙarin tsarin fitar da haske mai watsewa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P):639 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon raƙuman ruwa wanda rarraba ikon bakan fitar da haske ya kai matsakaicinsa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):631 nm (na yau da kullun) a I_F= 5mA. Wannan shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launin hasken. An samo shi daga daidaitattun maki chromaticity na CIE.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine faɗin bakan da aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):1.70 - 2.3 V a I_F= 5mA. Faɗin ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki. Ana kuma sarrafa wannan kewayon ta hanyar binning.
• Halin Baya (I_R):10 μA (matsakaici) a V_R= 5V. Ƙananan halin ɗigon ruwa da ke gudana lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bisa ma'auni masu mahimmanci. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace don haske da ƙarfin lantarki.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F)

Ga bambancin launin ja, ana rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa kwandon uku lokacin da aka auna shi a halin gwaji na 5mA. Haƙuri a cikin kowane kwandon shine ±0.1V.

• Lambar Kwandon E2: V_Fkewayon daga 1.70V zuwa 1.90V.
• Lambar Kwandon E3: V_Fkewayon daga 1.90V zuwa 2.10V.
• Lambar Kwandon E4: V_Fkewayon daga 2.10V zuwa 2.30V.

3.2 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon biyar, kuma ana auna shi a I_F= 5mA. Haƙuri akan kowane kwandon shine ±15%.

• Lambar Kwandon J:4.50 - 7.10 mcd
• Lambar Kwandon K:7.10 - 11.20 mcd
• Lambar Kwandon L:11.20 - 18.00 mcd
• Lambar Kwandon M:18.00 - 28.00 mcd
• Lambar Kwandon N:28.00 - 45.00 mcd

Wannan binning yana ba da damar zaɓi daidai bisa matakan haske da ake buƙata, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar hasken baya inda daidaito yake da mahimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Lanƙwasan aiki na yau da kullun suna ba da hangen nesa na gani game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira da sarrafa zafi.

4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Halayen I-V ba na layi ba ne, na yau da kullun na diode. Lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) da halin gaba na gaba (I_F). Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan don tantance ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi da ake buƙata don halin aiki da ake so, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da fitar da haske. Lanƙwasa zai canza tare da zafin jiki.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa ƙarfin haske yana kusan daidai da halin gaba na gaba a cikin babban kewayon. Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a halaye masu yawa saboda ƙarin zafin haɗin gwiwa da sauran tasiri. Yin aiki a cikin kewayon halin DC da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da tsawon rai.

4.3 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan yana jera ƙarfin dangi da tsawon raƙuman ruwa. Yana tabbatar da matsakaicin tsawon raƙuman fitarwa (~639 nm) da rabin faɗin bakan (~20 nm), yana ayyana tsantsar fitarwar launin ja na wannan guntu na AlInGaP.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin SMD na masana'antu. Mahimman girmansu sun haɗa da tsawon 2.0 mm, faɗin 1.25 mm, da tsayi na 0.2 mm (siffa mai siriri sosai). Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya suna ƙayyade duk mahimman girmansu, gami da wuraren ɗorawa da haƙuri, waɗanda galibi suke ±0.1 mm. Ruwan tabarau yana da haske.

5.2 Tsarin ɗorawar PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa don shimfidar PCB. Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da samar da haɗin gwiwar giciye daidai yayin reflow, yana ba da isassun taimakon zafi, da kuma kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Yin bin wannan ƙafar da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don nasarar haɗawa da dogaro.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Kayan yana da alamar cathode (tashar mara kyau). Takardar bayanin tana kwatanta yadda wannan alama ta bayyana akan jikin na'urar (yawanci tsaga, kore dot, ko wani mai nuni a gefen cathode). Daidaitaccen jagorar polarity yayin sanyawa yana da mahimmanci don da'irar yin aiki.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Yanayin Haɗa Reflow na IR

Don hanyoyin haɗa gubar mara gubar, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin reflow. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da zafin jiki kafin dumama tsakanin 150-200°C, lokacin dumama kafin dumama har zuwa dakika 120 matsakaici, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da kuma lokacin sama da 260°C an iyakance zuwa dakika 10 matsakaici. Kayan bai kamata a yi masa sama da zagaye biyu na reflow ba. Waɗannan iyakoki sun dogara ne akan ma'auni na JEDEC don hana fashewar kunshi ko lalacewar kayan ciki.

6.2 Haɗa Hannu

Idan haɗa hannu ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi shi da kulawa sosai. Matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen guntun haɗa da aka ba da shawarar shine 300°C, tare da lokacin haɗawa an iyakance zuwa dakika 3 kowane haɗin gwiwa. Haɗa hannu ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya kawai.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗa gubar, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi da aka ƙayyade. Nitse LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da kyau. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kunshin filastik ko ruwan tabarau.

6.4 Yanayin Ajiya

LED suna da hankali ga danshi. Lokacin da aka adana su a cikin jakar su ta asali mai rufewa mai hana danshi tare da busasshen abu, ya kamata a ajiye su a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da kuma 90% danshi na dangi (RH) ko ƙasa da haka, tare da lokacin amfani da aka ba da shawarar na shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe kunshin asali, muhallin ajiya bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 60% RH ba. Abubuwan da aka cire daga kunshinsu na asali ya kamata a haɗa su da reflow a cikin mako guda (Matakin Hankalin Danshi 3, MSL 3). Don ajiya mai tsayi a waje da jakar asali, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufewa tare da busasshen abu. Idan an adana su fiye da mako guda, ana ba da shawarar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel

Ana samar da abubuwan a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya tare da murfin kariya. Faɗin tef ɗin shine 8 mm. Reels suna da daidaitaccen diamita na inci 7 (178 mm). Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 5000. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500 ya shafi ragowar kuri'un. Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

LED na'ura ce mai tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin da ake amfani da LED da yawa a layi daya, tsarin iyakance halin yanzu yana da mahimmanci. Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce amfani da resistor na jerin. Ƙimar resistor (R_series) za a iya ƙididdige shi ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_series= (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Don ƙarin daidaito da ingantaccen sarrafawa, ana ba da shawarar masu tuƙi na halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko ICs masu tuƙi na LED. Wannan yana hana cin halin yanzu a cikin layukan layi daya kuma yana tabbatar da daidaiton fitar da haske a duk na'urori, yana rama bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin V_F.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki shine mabuɗin dogon lokaci mai dogaro da kwanciyar hankali na fitar da haske. Tabbatar da isassun yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin ɗorawar LED don fitar da zafi, musamman lokacin aiki kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu.
• Kariya ta ESD:LED suna da saukin lalacewa daga fitar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Dole ne a bi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa, gami da amfani da tashoshi na aiki na ƙasa, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kwantena masu ɗaukar kaya.
• Ƙirar Gani:Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 yana ba da tsarin haske mai watsewa. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, ƙila a buƙaci na'urori na gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau ko jagororin haske).

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED ja na tushen AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide). Babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne ingantaccen haske sosai, ma'ana yana samar da ƙarin haske (millicandelas) don halin shigarwa iri ɗaya (mA). Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don takamaiman matakin haske ko ƙarin haske a cikin kasafin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. Siririn siriri na 0.2mm shine fa'ida mai mahimmanci na injiniya akan yawancin LED na SMD na yau da kullun, yana ba da damar ƙira a cikin ƙananan kayan lantarki na mabukaci.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?

Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P) shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa na zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ikon gani. Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige bisa fahimtar launi na ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) wanda ya fi wakiltar launin da aka gane. Don LED masu launi ɗaya kamar wannan ja, sau da yawa suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba. Masu ƙira masu damuwa da maki launi (misali, a cikin nuni) ya kamata su koma ga matsakaicin tsawon raƙuman ruwa.

10.2 Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau kuma yana iya bambanta daga naúrar zuwa naúrar (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin binning). Idan an haɗa kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki, ƙaramin canji a cikin V_Fzai iya haifar da babban canji, mai yuwuwar lalacewa, a cikin halin yanzu. Resistor na jerin (ko tushen halin yanzu na yau da kullun) yana ba da ra'ayi mara kyau, yana daidaita halin aiki na yanzu akan waɗannan bambance-bambancen.

10.3 Shin Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da V_F?

Ee, amma koyaushe dole ne ku haɗa da abu mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin (resistor ko da'ira mai aiki). Dole ne ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi ya fi girma fiye da V na LED_Fdon ba da damar halin yanzu ya gudana, amma ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki yana faɗuwa a kan abun iyakance halin yanzu don saita daidai I_F.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon nuni na yanayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.Allon yana buƙatar LED na yanayi ja guda biyar. Daidaiton haske yana da mahimmanci ga ƙwarewar mai amfani.Matakan Ƙira:1) Ƙayyade hasken da ake buƙata: Zaɓi Kwandon L (11.2-18.0 mcd) don bayyane bayyanawa. 2) Ƙayyade halin tuƙi: Zaɓi I_F= 5mA (daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji) don dogon rai da ƙarancin zafi. 3) Ƙididdigar resistor na jerin: Zaton samar da 3.3V da kuma V na yau da kullun_Fna 2.0V (daga Kwandon E3), R = (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.005A = 260Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen mafi kusa (270Ω). 4) Shimfidawa: Yi amfani da shimfidar ɗorawar PCB da aka ba da shawarar. Haɗa dukkan LED guda biyar a layi daya, kowannensu yana da nasa resistor 270Ω zuwa layin dogo na 3.3V. Wannan yana tabbatar da sarrafa halin yanzu na kowane mutum don daidaito. 5) Haɗawa: Bi jagororin MSL-3 da ƙayyadaddun bayanin reflow.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes Masu Fitowa Hasken (LED) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi. A cikin wannan takamaiman na'urar, kayan semiconductor shine AlInGaP, wanda aka ƙera ta yadda wannan makamashin da aka saki yana cikin nau'in photons (haske) a cikin ɓangaren ja na bakan gani (kusan 631-639 nm). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na aluminum, indium, gallium, da atom ɗin phosphide yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, don haka launin hasken da aka fitar.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar SMD LED yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ƙananan girman kunshi, da ƙarin dogaro. Don LED irin na nuni, abin da ake mayar da hankali akai shi ne cimma fitarwa mai haske a ƙananan halaye da haɓaka siffofi masu siriri don biyan buƙatun ƙananan kayan lantarki masu ɗaukuwa. Ci gaba a kimiyyar kayan, kamar ingantattun dabarun girma na epitaxial don AlInGaP da sauran semiconductors na fili, suna ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga waɗannan nasarorin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, daidaitattun kunshi da hanyoyin haɗawa suna tabbatar da dacewa tare da haɓaka manyan layukan masana'antu na atomatik.