Bayanin Fasaha na LED SMD 19-217 - Jan Orange - Kallon Kusa 120° - Halin Gaba na 5mA - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

19-217 LED ne na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) wanda aka ƙera don haɗaɗɗun na'urorin lantarki na zamani, masu ƙanƙanta. Yana amfani da guntu na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) don samar da hasken jan orange. Babban fa'idarsa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin rage girman ƙafafunsa idan aka kwatanta da LED na gargajiya, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara yawan LED akan allon da'ira (PCB), rage buƙatun ajiya, kuma a ƙarshe yana taimakawa wajen rage girman kayan aiki. Kayan yana da nauyi kaɗan, yana dacewa da aikace-aikacen da sarari da nauyi suke da muhimmanci.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Rage Girma (Miniaturization):Kunshin SMD yana ba da damar ƙirar allon da'ira mafi ƙanƙanta.
• Dacewa da Sarrafa Kansa (Automation Compatibility):Ana ba da shi akan tef 8mm akan reels na inci 7, yana cikakken dacewa da manyan na'urorin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
• Dacewa da Tsarin Aiki (Process Compatibility):Ya dace da duka tsarin gyarar guduma na infrared da na tururi.
• Yin Biyayya ga Muhalli (Environmental Compliance):Samfurin ba shi da gubar, yana bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

Wannan LED yana da fa'ida da yawa kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin ayyukan haskakawa da nuni daban-daban, ciki har da:

• Hasken baya na allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da alamomi.
• Alamomin yanayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin na'urorin sadarwa kamar wayoyi da na'urorin faks.
• Fitilun nuni na gabaɗaya.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V
• Halin Gaba na Ci gaba (I_F):25 mA
• Kololuwar Halin Gaba (I_FP):60 mA (a cikin 1/10 duty cycle, 1 kHz)
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):60 mW
• Tashin Lantarki (ESD) Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM):2000 V
• Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +90°C
• Zafin Gyarawa (T_sol):Guduma: 260°C na dakika 10 mafi yawa; Hannu: 350°C na dakika 3 mafi yawa.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

An auna a zafin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C da daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu (I_F) na 5 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):14.5 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 36.0 mcd (Mafi girma). Ana amfani da tolerance na ±11%.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (Na al'ada). Wannan faɗin kusurwa yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban.
• Tsawon Tsinkaya Mafi Girma (λ_p):621 nm (Na al'ada).
• Tsawon Tsinkaya (λ_d):605.5 nm (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 625.5 nm (Mafi girma). Ana amfani da tolerance na ±1 nm. Wannan ma'auni yana ayyana launin da ake gani.
• Faɗin Tsinkaya (Δλ):18 nm (Na al'ada). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar tsinkaya na hasken da aka fitar.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):1.7 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 2.2 V (Mafi girma) a I_F=5mA. Ana amfani da tolerance na ±0.05V. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don lissafin resistor mai takaita halin.
• Halin Baya (I_R):10 μA (Mafi girma) a V_R=5V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a cikin bias na baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunoni bisa mahimman ma'auni.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

An rarraba a I_F= 5 mA.

• L2:14.5 – 18.0 mcd
• M1:18.0 – 22.5 mcd
• M2:22.5 – 28.5 mcd
• N1:28.5 – 36.0 mcd

3.2 Rarraba Tsawon Tsinkaya (Dominant Wavelength)

An rarraba a I_F= 5 mA. Wannan yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da inuwar jan orange.

• E1:605.5 – 609.5 nm
• E2:609.5 – 613.5 nm
• E3:613.5 – 617.5 nm
• E4:617.5 – 621.5 nm
• E5:621.5 – 625.5 nm

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage)

An rarraba a I_F= 5 mA. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu tuka halin yanzu iri ɗaya a cikin LED da yawa.

• 19:1.7 – 1.8 V
• 20:1.8 – 1.9 V
• 21:1.9 – 2.0 V
• 22:2.0 – 2.1 V
• 23:2.1 – 2.2 V

4. Binciken Lakatuttukan Aiki

Bayanin fasaha yana ba da lakatuttuka da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.

4.1 Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lakabin I-V)

Wannan alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tana nuna cewa ƙaramin ƙari a cikin ƙarfin lantarki fiye da na al'ada V_Fzai iya haifar da babban ƙari a cikin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya lalata LED. Wannan yana jaddada wajibcin amfani da resistor mai takaita halin ko mai tuka halin yanzu a jere tare da LED.

4.2 Matsakaicin Haske vs. Halin Gaba

Fitowar haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin gaba amma ba a layi ba. Yin aiki sama da halin ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar (25mA) na iya ƙara haske amma zai rage rayuwa da aminci saboda ƙarin zafin haɗin gwiwa.

4.3 Matsakaicin Haske vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi. Wannan rage zafin jiki (thermal derating) abu ne mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi. Lakabin yana nuna aiki daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.

4.4 Lakabin Rage Halin Gaba (Derating)

Wannan lakabin yana ayyana matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba da aka halatta a matsayin aikin zafin yanayi. Don hana yin zafi sosai, dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu lokacin aiki sama da wani zafin (yawanci 25°C).

4.5 Rarraba Tsinkaya (Spectral Distribution)

Jadawalin yana nuna matsakaicin hasken da aka fitar a tsawon tsinkaya daban-daban, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a tsawon tsinkaya mafi girma na 621 nm. Siffar da faɗin (18 nm) na wannan lakabin suna ƙayyade tsaftar launi.

4.6 Tsarin Watsa Haske (Radiation Pattern)

Zanen polar da ke kwatanta rarraba ƙarfin haske ta kusurwa, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa mafi girma.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

LED yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin SMD. Daidaitattun ma'auni (tsayi, faɗi, tsayi) da tsarin pad ɗin an ayyana su a cikin zanen kunshin a cikin bayanin fasaha. Zanen ya haɗa da mahimman ma'auni kamar tazarar jagora da tsarin ƙasa na PCB da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da ingantaccen gyarawa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Kayan yana da ruwan tabarau na resin mai tsabta. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alama akan kunshin ko ta hanyar ƙirar pad mara daidaituwa (yawanci ana iya yiwa alamar katod pad ko kuma yana da siffa daban). Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntubi takamaiman zanen girma don ƙirar sawun ƙafa daidai.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Tsarin Gyarar Guduma (Ba tare da gubar ba)

Tsari mai mahimmanci don ingantaccen haɗawa.

• Dumama Kafin:150–200°C na dakika 60–120.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (217°C):Dakika 60–150.
• Matsakaicin Zafi:260°C mafi girma.
• Lokaci a Kololuwa:Dakika 10 mafi girma.
• Ƙimar Dumama:Matsakaicin 6°C/daƙiƙa.
• Ƙimar Sanyaya:Matsakaicin 3°C/daƙiƙa.

Mahimmanci:Kada a yi gyarar guduma fiye da sau biyu akan LED ɗaya.

6.2 Gyarar Hannu

Idan gyarar hannu ba za a iya kaucewa ba:

• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai gyarawa tare da zafin ƙarshen < 350°C.
• Iyakance lokacin tuntuɓar zuwa dakika 3 kowace tasha.
• Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙimar wutar lantarki 25W ko ƙasa da haka.
• A bar aƙalla tazarar dakika 2 tsakanin gyarar kowace tasha don hana girgiza zafi.

6.3 Ajiya da Kula da Danshi

Ana kunna LED a cikin jakar da ba ta shiga danshi tare da desiccant.

• Kada a buɗejaka har sai an shirya don amfani.
• Bayan buɗewa, LED da ba a yi amfani da su ba yakamata a ajiye su a ≤30°C da ≤60% danshin yanayi.
• "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗewa shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7).
• Idan an wuce rayuwar bene ko desiccant ya nuna shan danshi, ana buƙatar maganin gasa: 60 ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Daidaitaccen kunshin shine guda 3000 a kowace reel. An ƙayyade girman reel, tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya, da tef ɗin rufewa don tabbatar da dacewa da na'urori masu sarrafa kansa. Lakabin akan reel yana ba da mahimman bayanai don gano asali da aikace-aikacen daidai: Lambar Samfur (P/N), yawa (QTY), da takamaiman lambobin rarrabuwa don Ƙarfin Haske (CAT), Tsawon Tsinkaya (HUE), da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF).

8. Abubuwan Da Ake Kula Lokacin Ƙira

8.1 Dole Ne A Yi Amfani da Mai Takaita Halin (Current Limiter)

Dole ne a koyaushe a yi amfani da resistor mai takaita halin na waje a jere tare da LED. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fshine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a halin yanzu da ake so I_F. Koyaushe yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga bayanin fasaha don ƙira mai tsauri don hana wuce gona da iri.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi (Thermal Management)

Duk da cewa kunshin yana da ƙanƙanta, rushewar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 60mW) yana haifar da zafi. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (pad ɗin taimakon zafi) a kusa da pad ɗin gyarar LED don taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a manyan halayen yanzu ko a cikin yanayi mai dumi. Ku bi lakabin rage halin gaba.

8.3 Kariya daga Tashin Lantarki (ESD Protection)

Ko da yake an ƙididdige shi don 2000V HBM, yakamata a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa don hana lalacewa a ɓoye.

9. Kwatanta da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha

LED 19-217, bisa fasahar AlGaInP, yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban don aikace-aikacen jan orange idan aka kwatanta da wasu fasahohi kamar AllnGaP ko LED masu tacewa. AlGaInP yawanci yana ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na launi akan canjin zafi da halin yanzu don launuka a cikin bakan ja zuwa amber. Kusurwar kallonsa na digiri 120 ya fi yawa fiye da yawancin LED "sama-sama", yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar faɗin gani. Tsarin SMD yana ba da ƙaramin bayani da ingantaccen dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik fiye da takwarorinsu na rami.

10. Tambayoyin Da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

10.1 Me yasa LED na yake buƙatar resistor?

LED na'urori ne masu tuka halin yanzu. Halayensu na I-V yana da ma'ana, ma'ana ƙaramin ƙari a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da babban ƙari a cikin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya lalata LED nan take. Resistor yana iyakance halin yanzu zuwa ƙima mai aminci, ƙayyadaddun ƙima.

10.2 Zan iya amfani da wannan LED tare da wutar lantarki 5V?

Ee, amma dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor na jere. Misali, don cimma I_F=5mA tare da V_supply=5V da na al'ada V_F=2.0V, ƙimar resistor zai kasance R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.005A = 600 Ohms. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen ƙima kamar 620 Ohms.

10.3 Me zai faru idan na wuce matsakaicin zafin gyarawa ko lokaci?

Zafi mai yawa na iya lalata guntu na semiconductor na ciki, igiyoyin igiya, ko ruwan tabarau na epoxy, wanda zai haifar da gazawa nan take ko rage amincin dogon lokaci (rage fitowar haske, canjin launi). Koyaushe ku bi tsarin da aka ba da shawarar.

10.4 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rarrabuwa (bin codes) akan lakabin?

Lambobin rarrabuwa (misali, CAT: N1, HUE: E4, REF: 21) suna gaya muku takamaiman rukunin aikin LED akan wannan reel. "N1" yana nufin ƙarfin haske yana tsakanin 28.5-36.0 mcd, "E4" yana nufin tsawon tsinkaya shine 617.5-621.5 nm, kuma "21" yana nufin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine 1.9-2.0V. Wannan yana ba da damar ci gaba da aiki a cikin samfurin ku.

11. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani

Labari:Ƙirar allon nuna yanayi don mai sarrafa masana'antu. Allon yana buƙatar alamomin jan orange da yawa waɗanda dole ne su kasance masu haske iri ɗaya kuma suna da inuwar launi iri ɗaya, wanda mai aiki zai iya gani daga faɗin kusurwa.

Aiwarta:

1. Zaɓin Kayan Aiki:An zaɓi LED 19-217 saboda tsarinsa na SMD (yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa ta atomatik), faɗin kusurwar kallo na 120°, da kuma samuwar rarrabuwa don daidaito.
2. Ƙirar Da'ira:Akwai layin dogo na 5V. Ana nufin I_F= 5mA don dogon rayuwa da matsakaicin haske. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_Fna 2.2V don ƙira mai tsauri: R = (5V - 2.2V) / 0.005A = 560 Ohms. Ana sanya resistor 560Ω, 1/8W a jere tare da kowane LED.
3. Shimfidar PCB:Ana sanya LED tare da isasshen tazara. Sawun ƙafa na PCB yana bin tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar daga bayanin fasaha. An haɗa ƙarin zubar da tagulla zuwa katod pad don ɗan inganta zafi.
4. Sayayya:Ana yin odar LED tare da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun rarrabuwa (misali, CAT: M2 ko N1, HUE: E3 ko E4) don tabbatar da daidaiton gani a duk alamomin akan allon.
5. Haɗawa:Ana haɗa kayan aiki ta amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin guduma mara gubar, yana bin iyakokin lokaci da zafi sosai.

Wannan hanya tana haifar da allon nuni mai aminci, daidaito, da kyan gani.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Ana samar da haske ta hanyar aikin da ake kira electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin da aka gina a cikin diode, electrons daga semiconductor na n-type da ramuka daga semiconductor na p-type ana shigar da su cikin yanki mai aiki (rijiyar quantum a cikin Layer AlGaInP). Lokacin da waɗannan electrons da ramuka suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kuma yana ƙayyade tsawon tsinkaya (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, jan orange (~621 nm). Kunshin resin na epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffanta fitowar haske zuwa tsarin watsa haske da ake so.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED na nuna alama kamar 19-217 yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace raka'a na shigar da lantarki), wanda ke rage amfani da wutar lantarki da samar da zafi. Har ila yau, akwai ci gaba da tuƙi don rage girma, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, 0402, 0201 metric) yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani. Ci gaba a cikin phosphor da kayan semiconductor suna ci gaba da inganta yin launi, kwanciyar hankali, da rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa na'urorin sarrafa lantarki (kamar masu tuka halin yanzu) kai tsaye cikin kunshin LED yana zama mafi yawanci don sauƙaƙa ƙira. Fasahar AlGaInP ta asali ta kasance ma'auni mai inganci don launuka ja, orange, da amber saboda ingancinta da kwanciyar hankali.