Takardun Bayani na Fasaha na SMD LED Mai Launuka Uku (Ja, Kore, Shudi) Mai Lensa Fari Mai Watsawa - Girman Kunshin 3.5x3.2x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 1.8-3.7V - Wutar Lantarki 0.56-0.89W

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da babban LED mai launuka uku da ake haɗawa a saman PCB (SMD). Na'urar tana haɗa ƙananan guntu na semiconductor na Ja, Kore, da Shudi a cikin kunshi guda ɗaya mai lensa fari mai watsawa, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar yawancin launuka ta hanyar aiki ɗaya ko haɗe. An ƙera shi don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuni, hasken baya, ko hasken alama a cikin ƙaramin sarari.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Ya bi ka'idojin muhalli na RoHS.
• An kunna shi akan kaset mai faɗin milimita 12 don rili mai diamita inci 7, yana dacewa da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa cikin sauri.
• Tsarin ƙafafun kunshi na EIA na daidaitacce yana tabbatar da dacewar ƙira.
• Matakan tuƙi masu dacewa da Guntu na Haɗawa (I.C.).
• Yana jurewa hanyoyin solder na reflow na infrared, yana dacewa da haɗawa mara gubar.
• An riga an shirya shi zuwa matakin 3 na JEDEC na ƙimar laushin danshi don amincin aiki.

1.2 Kasuwannin Da Ake Nufi

Wannan ɓangaren yana dacewa da yawancin kayan aikin lantarki, ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga na'urorin sadarwa (wayoyin mara igiya/wayoyin hannu), kwamfutocin hannu (laptops), tsarin sadarwa, kayan aikin gida, kwamitocin sarrafa masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen alamar cikin gida inda ake buƙatar nuni ko haske mai launuka da yawa.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassara na Haƙiƙa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaici na Cikakke

Duk matakan an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafi (Ta) na 25°C. Wucewa waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):Ya bambanta da launi: Kore: 740 mW, Ja: 560 mW, Shudi: 888 mW. Wannan ma'auni yana bayyana matsakaicin wutar lantarki da LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I_F(PEAK)):An auna shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). Kore/Ja: 400 mA, Shudi: 500 mA.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba na Ci gaba (I_F):Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na DC da aka halatta. Kore/Ja: 200 mA, Shudi: 240 mA.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halayen Zafi

Sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa.

• Matsakaicin Yanayin Zafin Haɗuwa (T_j):Kore/Shudi: 125°C, Ja: 115°C. Dole ne guntun semiconductor kada ya wuce wannan zafin.
• Juriya na Zafi, Haɗuwa-zuwa-Yanayi (R_θJA):Kore: 70 °C/W, Ja/Shudi: 40 °C/W. Wannan ƙimar tana nuna yadda ake canja zafi daga guntu zuwa iskar da ke kewaye. Ƙimar ƙasa tana nuna ingantaccen aikin zafi. Babban ƙimar don guntun kore na iya buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a cikin ƙirar zafi a aikace-aikacen manyan wutar lantarki.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An auna a Ta=25°C a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji (Ja: 150mA, Kore/Shudi: 120mA).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v):Hasken da ake gani. Kore: 8000-17000 mcd, Ja: 5500-13000 mcd, Shudi: 1500-3200 mcd. Idon ɗan adam ba shi da ƙarfi ga hasken shudi, yana haifar da ƙananan ƙimar mcd don irin wannan ƙarfin haske.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Yawanci digiri 120. Wannan faɗaɗɗen kusurwa, wanda lensa mai watsawa ke sauƙaƙa, yana ba da fitowar haske mai daidaito, mara shugabanci wanda ya dace da hasken panel.
• Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λ_d):Yana bayyana launin da ake gani. Kore: 515-530 nm, Ja: 615-630 nm, Shudi: 448-463 nm.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λ_p):Tsawon raƙuman ruwa inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma. Yawanci: Kore: 521 nm, Ja: 631 nm, Shudi: 445 nm.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Faɗin band na hasken da aka fitar. Yawanci: Kore: 30 nm, Ja: 20 nm, Shudi: 25 nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Ragewar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED a ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji. Kore/Shudi: 2.7-3.7 V, Ja: 1.8-2.8 V. Guntun ja, yawanci yana amfani da AlInGaP, yana da ƙaramin bandgap don haka yana da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba fiye da guntun kore da shudi na tushen InGaN.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 μA a V_R=5V. Ba a ƙera wannan na'urar don aikin bias na baya ba; wannan ma'auni don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni bisa mahimman ma'auni na gani don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin rukunin samarwa.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity Binning)

Raka'a: mcd @ ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji. Kowane lambar bin (L1-L8) yana bayyana iyaka mafi ƙanƙanta/matsakaici ga kowane launi. Misali, bin L1 na Kore ya ƙunshi 8000-12000 mcd, yayin da L5 ya ƙunshi 12000-17000 mcd. Tolerancin a cikin kowane bin ƙarfin haske shine +/-11%.

3.2 Rarraba Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (Dominant Wavelength Binning)

Raka'a: nm @ ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji. Lambobin bin D1-D9 suna bayyana ƙananan kewayon tsawon raƙuman ruwa ga kowane launi (misali, D1 na Kore: 515-520 nm, D7: 525-530 nm). Tolerancin ga kowane bin tsawon raƙuman ruwa shine +/- 1 nm, yana ba da damar daidaita launi daidai.

4. Bita kan Lakatuttukan Aiki

4.1 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (Spectrum)

Lakatuttukan rarraba bakan suna nuna kololuwa daban-daban, ɗan ƙunƙuntacce ga kowane guntun launi, suna tabbatar da tsabtar fitowar ja, kore, da shudi. Ƙimar rabin faɗin tana nuna tsabtar bakan, tare da ja ya fi ƙunƙunta.

4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lakatun I-V)

Lakatuttukan I-V suna nuna alaƙar exponential na yau da kullun na diodes. Lakatuttukan na Kore da Shudi suna da alaƙa ta kusa saboda irin tsarin kayan InGaN ɗin su da babban bandgap, yayin da lakatun Ja ya canza zuwa ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki.

4.3 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Yanayin Zafi (Lakatun Ragewa)

Wannan jadawalin yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na ci gaba da aka halatta yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu. Wannan ragewa yana da mahimmanci don hana yanayin zafin haɗuwa ya wuce matsakaicin matakinsa. Lakatuttukan sun ɗan bambanta tsakanin launuka saboda bambance-bambance a cikin juriya na zafi da matsakaicin yanayin zafin haɗuwa.

4.4 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangane da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Fitowar haske tana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki amma tana nuna halayen ƙasa-da-layin a manyan ƙarfin lantarki, musamman saboda tasirin zafi da raguwar inganci. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin tuƙi LED a cikin ƙayyadaddun kewayonsa don mafi kyawun inganci da tsawon rayuwa.

4.5 Rarraba Hasken a Sarari (Tsarin Kallon Kusa)

Zanen polar yana tabbatar da tsarin fitar haske mai kama da Lambertian tare da cikakkiyar kusurwar kallo kusan digiri 120, halayen lensa mai watsawa wanda ke watsa haske don ƙirƙirar haske mai faɗi, daidai.

5. Bayani Game da Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

Kunshin SMD yana auna kusan 3.5mm (Tsayi) x 3.2mm (Faɗi) x 1.9mm (Tsayi). Duk girmansu suna cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen tolerance na ±0.2mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Ya kamata a koma zuwa cikakken zanen girma don daidaitaccen tsarin pad da wuraren da ba a haɗa su ba.

5.2 Tsarin Ƙafafun (Pin Assignment)

Kunshin mai ƙafafu 6 yana ba da anodes da cathodes ɗaya ɗaya ga kowane guntun launi: Ƙafafu 1 & 6: Shudi, Ƙafafu 2 & 5: Ja, Ƙafafu 3 & 4: Kore. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar sarrafa kowane launi da kansa.

5.3 Tsarin PCB da Ake Shawarar (Recommended PCB Pad)

An ba da ƙirar tsarin ƙasa don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder, kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da mafi kyawun karkashin zafi daga LED. Yin bin wannan shawarar yana da mahimmanci ga yawan haɗawa da amincin dogon lokaci.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Yanayin Reflow na IR da Ake Shawarar

An ƙayyade cikakken bayanin yanayin solder na reflow wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B don hanyoyin marasa gubar. Wannan bayanin ya haɗa da dumama, jiƙa, reflow (matsakaicin zafi), da matakan sanyaya tare da ƙayyadaddun iyakokin lokaci da zafi don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED da guntu na ciki.

6.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan solder, ana ba da shawarar nutsar da shi cikin barasa na ethyl ko barasa na isopropyl a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya kawai. Sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata lensa na epoxy ko kunshi.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Kunshi Mai Kulle:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% Danshi na Dangi (RH). An ƙididdige ɓangarorin don tsawon rayuwar shekara guda a cikin jakar hana danshi tare da desiccant.
Kunshi da aka Buɗe:Ga ɓangarorin da aka cire daga jakarsu mai kulle, yanayin ajiyar bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Ana ba da shawarar kammala reflow na IR a cikin sa'o'i 168 (7 kwanaki) na fallasa. Don ajiya mai tsawo, yi amfani da akwati mai kulle tare da desiccant ko desiccator na nitrogen.

7. Bayani Game da Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Cikakkun Bayanai na Kaset da Rili

Ana samar da ɓangarorin akan kaset mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin milimita 12 da aka lulluɓe akan rili mai diamita inci 7 (178mm). Yawan rili na yau da kullun shine guda 1500. Ana samun mafi ƙarancin adadin kunshi na guda 500 don sauran umarni. Kunshi ya dace da ƙayyadaddun EIA-481-1-B.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Kowane tashar launi yana buƙatar resistor mai iyakancewa ƙarfin lantarki a jere tare da LED. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fda I_Fsune ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na manufa don takamaiman launi. Ana iya amfani da microcontrollers ko ƙwararrun guntu na tuƙi na LED don PWM dimming ko haɗa launuka.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata a Yi la'akari da su Lokacin Ƙira

• Sarrafa Zafi:Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (pad ɗin zafi) da yuwuwar iska don sarrafa watsawar zafi, musamman ga tashar kore wacce ke da babban juriya na zafi.
• Tuƙin Ƙarfin Lantarki:Kada ku wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na DC. Don tsawaita tsawon rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali na fitowar launi, yi la'akari da aiki a ƙasa da matsakaicin matakin.
• Kariya daga ESD:Ko da yake ba a bayyana shi a sarari a matsayin mai hankali ba, ana ba da shawarar yin taka tsantsan na sarrafa ESD na yau da kullun don na'urorin semiconductor yayin haɗawa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED mai launuka uku a cikin kunshi fari mai watsawa yana ba da manyan fa'idodi:

• Maganin Haɗe:Yana haɗa launuka uku daban-daban a cikin kunshi ɗaya, yana adana sararin PCB da sauƙaƙa haɗawa idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda uku daban.
• Ƙarfin Haɗa Launuka:Yana ba da damar samar da launuka na biyu (rawaya, cyan, magenta) da fari ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin haske na kowane guntun launi na fari da kansa.
• Kamanni Mai Daidaito:Lensa fari mai watsawa yana haɗa hasken daga guntu ɗaya ɗaya lokacin da ake kallo daga gefe, yana ba da kamanni mai daidaito, kamar madara-fari lokacin da ya kashe, da haske mai launi daidai lokacin da aka haskaka.
• Babban Hasken:Yana ba da babban ƙarfin haske a duk launuka uku, yana dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kyakkyawan gani ko da a cikin yanayi mai haske.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Shin Zan iya tuka dukkan launuka uku a lokaci guda a matsakaicin ƙarfinsu na yanzu?

A'a. Dole ne a yi la'akari da jimillar watsawar wutar lantarki. Tuƙi Ja (150mA @ ~2.3V = 345mW), Kore (120mA @ ~3.2V = 384mW), da Shudi (120mA @ ~3.2V = 384mW) a lokaci guda zai haifar da jimillar watsawar ciki kusan 1113mW, wanda ya wuce matsakaicin matakin watsawar wutar lantarki ga kowane guntu ɗaya (888mW matsakaici ga Shudi) kuma zai haifar da matsanancin zafi. Dole ne ƙirar zafi ta yi la'akari da haɗakar zafi daga dukkan guntu masu aiki.

10.2 Me yasa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) ya bambanta ga kowane launi?

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ƙaddara ta ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. LED na Ja yawanci suna amfani da AlInGaP wanda ke da ƙaramin bandgap (~1.9-2.0 eV), yana haifar da ƙaramin V_F. LED na Kore da Shudi suna amfani da InGaN tare da manyan bandgaps (~2.4 eV na Kore, ~2.7 eV na Shudi), yana haifar da babban V_F.

10.3 Ta yaya zan sami hasken fari da wannan LED?

Ana iya ƙirƙirar hasken fari ta hanyar haɗa hasken ja, kore, da shudi cikin ƙarfi masu dacewa. Wannan tsari ne na haɗa launuka ta hanyar ƙari. Dole ne a daidaita takamaiman ma'auni (waɗanda suka dogara da binning na guntu ɗaya ɗaya da manufar farin fari, misali, fari mai sanyi, fari mai dumi) ta hanyar sarrafa PWM ko daidaita matakan ƙarfin lantarki ga kowane tashoshi.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Mai Nuna Matsayi don Router na Cibiyar Sadarwa:LED mai launuka uku guda ɗaya na iya maye gurbin LED guda uku masu launi ɗaya don nuna yanayin na'ura da yawa: Kore Mai Ƙarfi don "Aiki na Yau da Kullun," Shudi Mai Walƙiya don "Canja Bayanai," da Ja Mai ƙarfi don "Kuskure/Lalacewa." Wannan yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar gaban panel, yana rage adadin ɓangarorin, kuma yana ba da damar kyakkyawan kyan gani tare da buɗaɗɗen haske guda ɗaya wanda ke canza launi.

12. Gabatarwa kan Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diodes Masu Fitowa Hasken (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗuwar p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar yana ƙaddara ta ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin wannan na'urar, guntu daban-daban na semiconductor guda uku (Ja: AlInGaP, Kore/Shudi: InGaN) an haɗa su tare. Lensa na epoxy fari mai watsawa yana rufe guntu, duka don kariya da kuma watsa hasken da aka fitar, yana ƙirƙirar faɗaɗɗen kusurwar kallo mai daidaito.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Ci gaban SMD LEDs yana ci gaba da mai da hankali kan wasu mahimman wurare da yawa: ƙara ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace watt na shigarwar lantarki), ingantaccen bayyana launi da daidaito, sarrafa yawan wutar lantarki mafi girma ta hanyar ingantaccen kunshi na zafi, da ƙarin ƙanƙanta. Haɗakar launuka da yawa ko ma guntu farin da aka canza phosphor a cikin kunshi ɗaya, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan ɓangaren, wani yanayi ne da aka yi niyya don sauƙaƙa ƙirar samfurin ƙarshe da ba da damar ingantattun tasirin haske. Bugu da ƙari, ana ci gaba da bincike a cikin sabbin kayan semiconductor don inganta inganci, musamman a yankin bakan kore, da kuma faɗaɗa gamut launi da ake samu.