Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED Mai Haske Fari Biyu-Launi (Kore/Rawa) - Girman Kunshin - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.8-3.4V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 72-102mW - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) Light Emitting Diode (LED) mai haske fari wanda aka tsara don haɗa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik. Abun yana da girman sa mai ƙarancin sarari, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. An tsara shi don dacewa da tsarin sanyawa na atomatik mai yawa, da kuma tsarin gyaɗa na infrared (IR) reflow, yana bin ka'idojin masana'antu don haɗawa mara gubar.

1.1 Siffofi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

An tsara LED ɗin tare da siffofi masu mahimmanci da suka haɓaka amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin lantarki na zamani. Ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari). Ana ba da shi a cikin kaset ɗin 8mm na ka'idar masana'antu akan reels na inci 7, yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa shi ta injunan ɗauka da sanyawa. Na'urar ta dace da I.C. kuma an riga an tsara ta zuwa matakin ɗanɗano na JEDEC Level 3, yana tabbatar da amincin yayin aikin gyaɗa. Kasuwarmansa na farko sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori na sarrafa ofis, na'urorin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu. Aikace-aikacen su na yau da kullun sun haɗa da alamun matsayi da hasken baya don allon gaba, har zuwa hasken sigina da alama.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

Aikin LED ɗin an ayyana shi ta cikin cikakken saitin ma'auni na lantarki da na gani da aka auna a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Waɗannan ƙididdiga sun ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ga LED ɗin Rawa, matsakaicin ragewar wutar lantarki shine 72 mW, yayin da na LED ɗin Kore, shine 102 mW. Duk launuka suna raba matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na gaba (IF) na 30 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na 80 mA yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms). An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana ta a cikin yanayi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da na Gani

An ƙayyade ma'aunin aiki na asali a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na IF = 20mA. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) na LED ɗin Rawa ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 710 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 1800 mcd. LED ɗin Kore yana ba da fitarwa mafi girma, daga 1120 mcd zuwa 2800 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya rabi ƙimar axial, yawanci digiri 120 ne ga duka biyun, yana nuna faɗin tsarin fitarwa mai watsewa. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) shine 590 nm (Rawa) da 524 nm (Kore), tare da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd) wanda aka ƙayyade a cikin kewayon 585-595 nm da 518-528 nm, bi da bi. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) ya bambanta da launi: LED ɗin Rawa yana da VF tsakanin 1.8V da 2.4V, yayin da LED ɗin Kore ke aiki tsakanin 2.6V da 3.4V a 20mA. Matsakaicin kwararar baya (IR) shine 10 μA a ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, lura cewa ba a tsara na'urar don aikin baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Bin Rank

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin fitarwa mai haske, ana rarraba LED ɗin cikin kwandon ƙarfi. Kowane kwandon yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarfin haske mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma, tare da amfani da jurewar +/-11% a cikin kowane kwandon.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

Ga LED ɗin Rawa, lambobin kwandon sune V1 (710-900 mcd), V2 (900-1120 mcd), W1 (1120-1400 mcd), da W2 (1400-1800 mcd). Ga LED ɗin Kore, kwandon sune W1 (1120-1400 mcd), W2 (1400-1800 mcd), X1 (1800-2240 mcd), da X2 (2240-2800 mcd). Wannan rarrabawar yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar tushe, lanƙwan aiki na yau da kullun na irin waɗannan na'urori gabaɗaya suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin gaba da ƙarfin haske (lanƙwan I-V), bambancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba tare da zafin jiki, da rarraba ƙarfin bakan wanda ke nuna tsayin tsayin kololuwa da rabin faɗin bakan. Waɗannan lanƙwan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mara daidaituwa da kuma don daidaitaccen ƙirar da'ira.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi da Sanya Fil

LED ɗin yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen kunshin SMD. Ruwan tabarau mai haske fari yana ɗauke da guntu biyu na semiconductor. An ayyana sanya fil a sarari: fil 1 da 2 na LED ɗin Kore (InGaN), kuma fil 3 da 4 na LED ɗin Rawa (AlInGaP). Duk zane-zanen girma suna ƙayyade ma'auni a cikin milimita, tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB.

5.2 Shawararriyar Tsarin Filin Haɗa PCB

An ba da zane wanda ke nuna shawarar tsarin filin tagulla akan PCB don gyaɗa na infrared ko tururi. Bin wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gyaɗa daidai, sarrafa zafi, da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya na abu bayan haɗawa.

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Gyaɗa IR Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin gyaɗa reflow wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B don hanyoyin marasa gubar. Ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da zafin jiki na riga-kafi na 150-200°C, lokacin riga-kafi har zuwa 120 daƙiƙa matsakaicin, matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba, da lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (ko a kololuwa) an iyakance shi zuwa 10 daƙiƙa matsakaicin. An jaddada cewa mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man gyaɗa, da tanda, kuma yakamata a yi amfani da bayanin da aka bayar azaman manufa ta gabaɗaya da aka tabbatar da ita don takamaiman layin haɗawa.

6.2 Gyaɗa da Hannu

Idan gyaɗa da hannu tare da ƙarfe ya zama dole, matsakaicin zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe da aka ba da shawarar shine 300°C, tare da lokacin gyaɗa bai wuce daƙiƙa 3 ba kowane haɗin. Yakamata a yi wannan sau ɗaya kawai don hana lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ajiya daidai yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye iyawar gyaɗa. Jakunkunan hana ɗanɗano da ba a buɗe ba (tare da busassun abu) yakamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH, tare da tsawon rayuwar shinge na shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe, yakamata a adana LED ɗin a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Abubuwan da aka cire daga fakitin asali yakamata su sha IR reflow cikin sa'o'i 168. Idan wannan taga ya wuce, ana ba da shawarar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin gyaɗa don cire ɗanɗano da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gyaɗa, kawai takamaiman abubuwan kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol yakamata a yi amfani da su. Yakamata a nutsar da LED ɗin a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata kayan kunshi ko ruwan tabarau.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana kunna LED ɗin a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 8mm da aka nannade akan reels mai diamita inci 7 (178mm). Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 2000. An rufe kaset ɗin tare da murfin sama. Kunshi yana bin ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481, waɗanda ke ƙayyade ma'auni kamar tazarar aljihu da girman reel don dacewa da na'urori masu sarrafa kansa. Mafi ƙarancin adadin kunshi na guda 500 yana samuwa don umarni na ragowar.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED ɗin mai launi biyu ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuna matsayi da yawa daga sawun abu guda. Misalai sun haɗa da alamun matsayin wutar lantarki/caji (misali, kore don "kunna" ko "cikakken caji," rawa don "jiran aiki" ko "caji"), amsa zaɓin yanayi akan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, da hasken baya don alamomi ko gumaka akan allunan sarrafawa. Faɗin kusurwar kallonsa ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ganin daga kusurwoyi masu nisa ke da mahimmanci.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

Korar Halin Yanzu:LED ɗin na'urori ne masu korar halin yanzu. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere don kowane tashar launi lokacin da ake korar daga tushen wutar lantarki. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsource - VF_LED) / IF, inda VF_LED shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na takamaiman launin LED a halin yanzu da ake so (misali, 20mA). Yin amfani da matsakaicin VF daga takardar bayanai yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce iyaka ba ko da tare da bambancin abu.

Sarrafa Zafi:Duk da cewa ragewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB a kusa da filayen zafi (idan akwai) ko faɗin gaba gabaɗaya yana taimakawa wajen kawar da zafi, yana kiyaye aikin LED da tsawon rayuwa, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.

Tsarin Da'ira:Ka raba hanyoyin korar halin yanzu don launuka biyu don ba da damar sarrafa su daban.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban siffar bambance-bambancen wannan abu shine haɗa launuka biyu na LED daban-daban (Kore da Rawa) a cikin kunshi ɗaya mai haske fari. Wannan yana adana sararin PCB idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED ɗin launi ɗaya daban-daban guda biyu. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 da ruwan tabarau mai watsewa ya ba da haske iri ɗaya wanda ya dace da alamun panel. Dacewar na'urar da daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗa SMD (JEDEC Level 3 MSL, reflow mara gubar) yana tabbatar da cewa za a iya jefa shi cikin layukan samarwa masu yawa da suke akwai ba tare da buƙatar sarrafawa na musamman ko canje-canjen tsari ba.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya korar duka launukan LED a lokaci guda a matsakaicin halin yanzu?

A: A'a. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi ya ƙayyade iyakokin ragewar wutar lantarki ga kowane launi daban (72mW na Rawa, 102mW na Kore). Korar duka a 30mA DC zai haifar da jimillar wutar lantarki wanda wataƙila ya wuce ƙarfin zafi na kunshi, yana iya haifar da dumama da rage tsawon rayuwa. Tuntubi lanƙwan rage daraja (idan akwai) ko kuma yi aiki a ƙananan halin yanzu don amfani lokaci guda.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayin kololuwa da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye?

A: Tsayin tsayin kololuwa (λP) shine tsayin tsayin da ƙarfin haske da aka fitar ya fi girma. Tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd) shine tsayin tsayin guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya da fitarwar LED ga mai kallo na ɗan adam na yau da kullun. An samo λd daga zanen launi na CIE kuma galibi yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q: Kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da faɗi sosai (misali, 2.6V-3.4V na Kore). Ta yaya wannan ke shafar ƙirar da'irata?

A: Wannan bambancin yana da al'ada ga LED ɗin saboda jurewar samar da semiconductor. Dole ne a tsara da'irar iyakance halin yanzu don sarrafa mafi munin yanayi. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VF (3.4V) a cikin lissafin resistor ɗinka don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai taɓa wuce ƙimar da ake so ba (misali, 20mA) ko da kun karɓi LED ɗin tare da mafi girman VF. Wannan zai haifar da aiki mai ɗan duhu kaɗan ga LED ɗin tare da ƙananan VF, amma wannan shine hanyar ƙira mai aminci.

11: Nazarin Shari'ar Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Zane na Alamar Caji Mai Matsayi Biyu don Na'urar da ake ɗauka.

Wani yanayi na gama gari shine alamar da ke nuna ja don caji, rawa don kusan cika, da kore don cikakken caji. Duk da yake wannan takamaiman LED bai haɗa da ja ba, ƙa'idar zane iri ɗaya ta shafi. Da'irori masu zaman kansu guda biyu (misali, fil ɗin GPIO daga microcontroller tare da resistors na jere) za su sarrafa LED ɗin Rawa da Kore. Firmware ɗin zai jera launuka: Kore kashe/Rawa kunna yayin caji mai aiki, sannan ya canza zuwa Kore kunna/Rawa kashe lokacin da caji ya cika. Ruwan tabarau mai haske fari yana tabbatar da cewa an haɗa haske daidai kuma ana iya gani daga kusurwa mai faɗi, yana ba da amsa mai kyau ga mai amfani. Kunshin SMD yana ba da wannan aikin a cikin mafi ƙarancin sawu akan PCB ɗin na'urar da ke cike da cunkoso.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin su. Wannan al'amari ana kiransa electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman launin hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin wannan abu, hasken Kore ana samar da shi ta hanyar guntu na Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), kuma hasken Rawa ana samar da shi ta hanyar guntu na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai haske fari yana rufe guntu ɗin, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana siffata fitarwar haske zuwa kusurwa mai faɗi, da kuma watse hasken don rage haskakawa da ƙirƙirar bayyanar daidai.

13. Trends na Masana'antu da Ci gaba

Trend a cikin SMD LEDs don aikace-aikacen nuni yana ci gaba zuwa ga ingantacciyar inganci (ƙarin fitarwa mai haske a kowace raka'a na wutar lantarki), ƙananan girman kunshi don na'urorin lantarki masu yawa, da ƙara haɗawa. LED ɗin launuka da yawa da RGB a cikin kunshi ɗaya suna zama gama gari, suna ba da damar shirye-shiryen cikakken launi. Hakanan akwai mayar da hankali kan inganta daidaiton launi da ƙarfafa ƙayyadaddun rarrabawa don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da daidaita launi ke da mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban kayan kunshi yana nufin haɓaka amincin a ƙarƙashin mafi girman yanayin zafi reflow da inganta kula da lumen na dogon lokaci. Abun da aka kwatanta ya dace da waɗannan manyan trends ta hanyar ba da aikin launi biyu a cikin daidaitaccen tsari na SMD mai aminci wanda ya dace da sarrafa kansa, samarwa mai inganci.