Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 2. Cikakken Bayani na Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa
- 3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
- 3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (IV)
- 3.3 Rarrabuwar Launi (Launi)
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
- 5.1 Girman Kunshi
- 5.2 Tsarin Ƙasa na PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara
- 6. Jagorar Haɗaƙƙiya da Taro
- 6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow IR
- 6.2 Haɗaƙƙiyar Hannu (Idan Ya Bukata)
- 6.3 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Kunshi da Sarrafawa
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
- 7.2 Hancin Danshi da Ajiya
- 8. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira
- 8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Direba
- 8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 8.3 Haɗin Gani
- 9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
- 11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha
- 12. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙaramin LED (Light Emitting Diode) na SMD (Surface-Mount Device) a cikin girman kunshin 0201. Waɗannan LED ɗin an tsara su don sarrafa allon da'ira (PCB) ta atomatik, kuma sun dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari inda yawan kayan aiki ke da muhimmanci. Babban launin da wannan sashe ke fitarwa shine fari tare da ruwan tabarau mai launin rawa, yana ba da takamaiman wurin launi.
Babban fa'idodin wannan sashe sun haɗa da ƙaramin girmansa, dacewa da manyan na'urorin ɗauka da sanyawa, da kuma dacewa don hanyoyin haɗaƙƙiyar reflow marasa gubar (IR). An gina shi don cika ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari).
Kasuwanni da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya suna da faɗi, sun haɗa da na'urorin sadarwa, na'urori masu sarrafa ofis, na'urorin gida, tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, da kuma nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani. Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun sun haɗa da alamun yanayi, hasken baya don allon gaba, da ƙaramin haske ko hasken alama.
2. Cikakken Bayani na Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi ba.
- Rushewar Ƙarfi (Pd):96 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin ƙarfin da kunshin LED zai iya watsawa a matsayin zafi ba tare da wuce iyakokin zafinsa ba.
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (IF(peak)):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin gaba na gaba da aka yarda da shi, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) don hana yin zafi sosai.
- Halin Gaba na DC (IF):30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogon lokaci mai aminci.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi wanda aka tsara LED don aiki daidai a cikinsa.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin don adana na'urar lokacin da ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C da halin gaba (IF) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an lura da wani abu.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (IV):1500 - 2900 mcd (millicandela). Wannan yana bayyana adadin hasken da ake fitarwa a cikin babban alkiblar kallo. Faɗin kewayon yana nuna ana amfani da tsarin rarrabuwa (duba Sashe na 3). Auna yana amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da daidaitaccen amsawar gani na CIE (idan mutum).
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 110 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin hasken gani ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial ta kololuwa. Kusurwar 110° tana nuna faɗaɗaɗɗen tsarin fitarwa wanda ya dace da hasken yanki maimakon hasken da aka mayar da hankali.
- Ma'auni na Launi (x, y):(0.3100, 0.3100) na yau da kullun. Waɗannan ma'auni akan jadawalin launi na CIE 1931 suna bayyana takamaiman wurin launi na hasken fari da ake fitarwa. Wannan wuri yayi daidai da fari tare da takamaiman zafin launi mai alaƙa (CCT).
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.6 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta) - 3.2 V (Mafi girma) a 20mA. Faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da ake gudanar da ƙayyadadden halin. Wannan kewayon yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar tuƙi.
- Halin Baya (IR):10 μA (Mafi girma) a VR= 5V. Ƙaramin halin ɓarna lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya.Mahimmanci:Ba a tsara wannan na'urar don aikin baya-baya ba; wannan ma'auni ne kawai don dalilai na gwaji.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunin aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun ƙarfin wutar lantarki, haske, da launi.
3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
Ana rarraba LED ɗin bisa ga faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a 20mA.
- Bin D8: VF= 2.6V zuwa 2.9V
- Bin D9: VF= 2.9V zuwa 3.2V
- Jurewa a cikin kowane bin shine ±0.10V.
3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (IV)
Ana rarraba LED ɗin ta hanyar ƙarfin fitarwa na gani.
- Bin X1: IV= 1500.0 mcd zuwa 2100.0 mcd
- Bin X2: IV= 2100.0 mcd zuwa 2900.0 mcd
- Jurewa a cikin kowane bin shine ±11%.
3.3 Rarrabuwar Launi (Launi)
Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin rarrabuwa don daidaiton launi. Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa takamaiman murabba'ai huɗu akan jadawalin launi na CIE wanda aka ayyana ta maki huɗu (x, y).
- Bins da aka Ayyana:Y2, W1, X1, W2. Kowane lambar bin tana wakiltar takamaiman yanki akan jadawalin launi.
- Matsakaicin wurin launi (0.3100, 0.3100) ya faɗi cikin waɗannan yankuna da aka ayyana.
- Jurewa akan kowane bin launi (ma'auni x, y) shine ±0.01.
Wannan rarrabuwa mai yawa (VF, IV, Launi) yana tabbatar da cewa LED ɗin daga rukunin samarwa ɗaya suna da daidaitattun kaddarorin lantarki da na gani, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya, kamar jerin hasken baya ko gungun alamomin yanayi.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Duk da yake an yi nuni da takamaiman lanƙwasa a cikin takardun bayanai, abubuwan da suke nufi suna daidaitacce.
- Halin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Wannan lanƙwasa tana da ƙima. Ƙayyadadden VFa 20mA shine wurin aiki. Ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da manyan ƙaruwa a cikin halin, yana buƙatar da'irar iyakance halin (misali, resistor na jerin ko direba mai ci gaba) don hana guduwar zafi.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Halin Gaba:Fitar haske gabaɗaya yana daidai da halin gaba a cikin kewayon aiki. Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a cikin halaye masu girma sosai saboda ƙaruwar zafi.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Zafin Yanayi:Fitar hasken LED yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Yin aiki a iyakar iyakar zafin yanayi (85°C) zai haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin hasken gani fiye da a 25°C. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan raguwa a cikin ƙirar zafi.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
5.1 Girman Kunshi
Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin EIA 0201. Manyan girma (a cikin milimita) sune:
- Tsawon Kunshi: 0.6 mm (jurewa ±0.2 mm)
- Faɗin Kunshi: 0.3 mm (jurewa ±0.2 mm)
- Tsayin Kunshi: 0.3 mm (jurewa ±0.2 mm)
Launin ruwan tabarau shine rawa, wanda ke tace fitaccen hasken fari don cimma ƙarshen launi. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama ko takamaiman tsarin kushin akan tef da reel.
5.2 Tsarin Ƙasa na PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara
An ba da shawarar tsarin kushin guduro don reflow infrared ko matakin tururi. An tsara wannan tsari don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin guduro mai aminci, daidaitaccen daidaitawa kai tsaye yayin reflow, da isasshen ƙarfin injiniya. Bin tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don hana kabari (kayan aiki a tsaye) ko ƙananan haɗin guduro, musamman tare da irin waɗannan ƙananan sassa.
6. Jagorar Haɗaƙƙiya da Taro
6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow IR
Sashen yana dacewa da hanyoyin reflow IR marasa gubar (Pb-free) bisa ga J-STD-020B. An ba da shawarar bayanin gaba ɗaya:
- Pre-heat:150-200°C na matsakaicin dakika 120 don sannu a hankali haɓaka zafin jiki da kunna flux.
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 260°C. Lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (yawanci ~217°C don guduro mara gubar) yakamata a sarrafa shi.
- Jimlar Lokacin Haɗaƙƙiya:Matsakaicin dakika 10 a matsakaicin zafin jiki, tare da matsakaicin zagaye biyu na reflow da aka yarda.
Lura:Mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman taron PCB (kauri na allon, adadin yadudduka, wasu sassa, man guduro). Bayanin da aka bayar manufa ne; ana buƙatar siffanta tsari.
6.2 Haɗaƙƙiyar Hannu (Idan Ya Bukata)
Idan ana buƙatar gyaran hannu, ana buƙatar kulawa mai tsanani:
- Zafin Ƙarfe na Haɗaƙƙiya:Matsakaicin 300°C.
- Lokacin Tuntuɓar:Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa.
- Iyaka:Zagaye ɗaya na haɗaƙƙiya kawai. Girman zafi yana da ƙasa sosai, yana sa ya zama mai saurin yin zafi sosai.
6.3 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗaƙƙiya, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi don guje wa lalata kunshin filastik ko ruwan tabarau.
- An ba da shawarar:Barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol.
- Tsari:Nitsa a daidaitaccen zafin jiki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Kar a yi amfani da tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic sai dai idan an tabbatar da cewa yana da aminci ga kunshin.
- Guji:Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai waɗanda ba a bayyana su ba ko masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.
7. Kunshi da Sarrafawa
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
Ana samar da sassa a cikin daidaitaccen tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya na masana'antu don sarrafawa ta atomatik.
- Girman Reel:Diamita inci 7 (178 mm).
- Faɗin Tef:12 mm.
- Adadin kowane Reel:Guda 4000 (cikakken reel).
- Matsakaicin Adadin Oda (MOQ):Guda 500 don ɓangarorin reel.
- Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. Tef ɗin yana da murfi don kare sassa.
7.2 Hancin Danshi da Ajiya
Kunshin filastik yana da hankali ga danshi (MSL).
- Jaka Mai Rufi (tare da desiccant):Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Tsawon rayuwar shimfidar shekara ɗaya ne daga ranar rufe jakar.
- Bayan Buɗe Jaka:"Rayuwar bene" ta fara. Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.
- Matsakaicin Iyakar Lokaci:Dole ne a yi wa sassa haɗaƙƙiyar reflow IR a cikinAwowi 168 (kwanaki 7)na fallasa wa yanayin masana'anta na yanayi bayan buɗe jakar.
- Ajiya Mai Tsayi (An Buɗe):Ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin desiccator na nitrogen.
- Wuce Rayuwar Bene:Idan an fallasa sassa fiye da awowi 168, dole ne a gasa su a kusan 60°C na aƙalla awowi 48 kafin haɗaƙƙiya don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" (fashewar kunshi yayin reflow).
8. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira
8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Direba
Saboda halayen I-V mai ƙima, resistor na jerin sauƙi shine mafi yawan hanyar tuƙi don aikace-aikacen nuna alama. Ƙimar resistor (Rseries) ana ƙididdige shi kamar haka: Rseries= (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VFdaga takardun bayanai (3.2V) don tabbatar da cewa halin bai wuce 20mA ba ko da tare da sashi mai ƙarancin VF. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai tsayi ko tuƙi da LED ɗin da yawa a jere, ana ba da shawarar direba mai ci gaba.
8.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Ko da yake rushewar ƙarfi yana da ƙasa (96mW matsakaici), ƙaramin kunshin yana da iyakataccen iyawar zubar da zafi. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla akan PCB da aka haɗa zuwa kushin zafi (idan akwai) ko haɗin guduro don zama mai sanyaya zafi. Guji yin aiki a matsakaicin halin gaba (30mA DC) a cikin manyan yanayin zafi ba tare da binciken zafi ba.
8.3 Haɗin Gani
Faɗin kusurwar kallo na 110° ya sa wannan LED ya dace don haskaka ƙananan wurare ko bututun haske. Don mafi kyawun haɗa haske cikin jagorar haske, yi la'akari da tsarin fitarwa na LED da kusurwar karɓa na jagora. Ruwan tabarau mai launin rawa yana aiki azaman mai watsawa / tace launi na cikin gida.
9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fitarwar dabaru na 5V ko 3.3V?
A: A'a. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin jerin. Haɗa 5V kai tsaye zai haifar da wuce gona da iri. Don samar da 5V da manufa na 20mA, ta amfani da matsakaicin VFna 3.2V, R = (5V - 3.2V) / 0.02A = 90Ω (yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor na 91Ω ko 100Ω).
Q: Me ya sa rarrabuwar launi ke da mahimmanci haka?
A: Idanuwan mutane suna da hankali sosai ga ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin farin batu, musamman lokacin da ake kallon LED ɗin da yawa tare. Yin amfani da LED ɗin daga rukunin launi daban-daban na iya haifar da bayyanannen gunkin ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin jeri.
Q: Menene zai faru idan na wuce rayuwar bene na awowi 168 kafin haɗaƙƙiya?
A: Danshin da aka sha zai iya zama tururi yayin saurin dumama na reflow, yana iya haifar da rabuwa na ciki ko fashewar kunshin filastik ("popcorning"), wanda zai haifar da gazawa nan take ko a ɓoye. Dole ne a gasa don fitar da wannan danshi.
Q: Shin wannan LED ya dace don aikace-aikacen waje ko na mota?
A: Kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) ya ƙunshi yanayi da yawa. Duk da haka, takardun bayanai sun ƙayyade cewa don "na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun." Don aikace-aikacen da ke da buƙatun aminci mai girma, matsanancin damuwa na muhalli (UV, danshi, zagayowar zafi), ko ayyuka masu mahimmanci na aminci (mota, likita, jirgin sama), tuntuɓar masana'anta da ƙarin gwajin cancanta suna da mahimmanci. Wannan daidaitaccen LED na kasuwanci na iya zama ba shi da takaddun aminci da ake buƙata don irin waɗannan amfani.
10. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
Yanayi: Alamar Yanayi akan Module na Bluetooth Mai ɗaukuwa
Mai ƙira yana ƙirƙirar ƙaramin module na sauti na Bluetooth. Sararin allon yana da iyaka sosai. Suna buƙatar ƙaramin LED mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki don nuna yanayin "kunna wutar lantarki" da "haɗin gwiwa".
- Zaɓin Sashe:An zaɓi wannan LED 0201 saboda ƙaramin girmansa (0.6x0.3mm).
- Ƙirar Da'ira:Module ɗin yana gudana akan baturin Li-ion na 3.7V. Fil ɗin GPIO akan microcontroller, wanda zai iya samar da 20mA, zai tuƙi LED. An ƙididdige resistor na jerin: R = (3.7V - 2.9Vtyp) / 0.02A = 40Ω. An zaɓi resistor na 39Ω, wanda ya haifar da halin ~20.5mA, wanda ke cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
- Shimfidar PCB:An yi amfani da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar. An yi amfani da ƙananan haɗin gwiwa na zafi akan kushin don taimakawa haɗaƙƙiya amma a kiyaye wasu haɗin gwiwa na zafi zuwa filin ƙasa don zubar da zafi.
- Taro:Cikakken taron PCB yana amfani da man guduro mara gubar kuma yana bin bayanin reflow na JEDEC. Ana adana LED ɗin a cikin jakarsu mai rufi har sai layin samarwa ya shirya, yana tabbatar da cewa ba a wuce rayuwar bene ba.
- Sakamako:Alamar yanayi mai aminci, mai haske wacce ke cinye ƙaramin yanki na allon da ƙarfi, yana cika duk buƙatun ƙira.
11. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha
LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan tashoshinsa (anode tabbatacce dangane da cathode), electrons daga kayan semiconductor na n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yankin aiki. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango (launi) na hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su.
LED "fari", kamar yadda yake a cikin wannan sashe, yawanci ana ƙirƙira shi ta amfani da guntun LED shuɗi ko ultraviolet wanda aka lulluɓe da Layer na phosphor. Babban haske daga guntun yana tada phosphor, wanda sai ya sake fitar da haske a cikin mafi faɗin bakan, yana haɗuwa don samar da hasken fari. Ruwan tabarau mai launin rawa yana ƙara gyara wannan fitarwa don cimma ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na launi akan bakan hasken fari.
12. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin
Kunshin 0201 yana wakiltar ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin na'urorin lantarki zuwa ƙananan ƙira da ƙaruwar ƙarfin aiki akan PCBs. Yayin da na'urorin masu amfani kamar wayoyin hannu, abubuwan sawa, da firikwensin IoT suka zama ƙanana, buƙatar ƙananan sassa masu wucewa da masu aiki yana ƙaruwa.
Manyan abubuwan da ke tasiri irin waɗannan sassa sun haɗa da:
- Kunshi Mai Ci Gaba:Inganta aikin zafi da aminci a cikin ƙananan ƙafafu.
- Mafi Girman Ingantaccen Aiki:Isar da ƙarin fitarwa mai haske (lumens) a kowace raka'a na ƙarfin shigarwar lantarki (wat), yana rage amfani da makamashi da samar da zafi.
- Matsakaicin Rarrabuwa:Yayin da aikace-aikacen nuni da haske ke buƙatar mafi girman daidaiton launi, jurewa akan launi da rukunin ƙarfi yana ci gaba da ƙarfafawa.
- Dacewar Atomatik:Dole ne a tsara sassa don manyan injina masu sauri, masu daidaito, tare da amintaccen kunshin tef-da-reel kasancewa wani muhimmin sashi na sarkar wadata.
Wannan sashe yana cikin wannan yanayin, yana ba da damar ƙirar ƙira yayin samar da takamaiman ma'auni na aiki don faɗin aikace-aikacen nuna alama da ƙaramin haske.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |