Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
- 1.1 Fasali
- 1.2 Ayyuka
- 2. Girman Kunshi da Bayanin Injiniya
- 3. Ma'auni da Halaye na Fasaha
- 3.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
- 3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani
- 3.3 Takaici akan Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)
- 4. Tsarin Darajar Bin
- 4.1 Darajar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Vf)
- 4.2 Darajar Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)
- 4.3 Darajar Launi (Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango λd)
- 5. Bincike na Maɗaukakin Ayyuka na Yau da Kullun
- 6. Jagororin Tari da Sarrafawa
- 6.1 Tsaftacewa
- 6.2 Tsarin Faifan Haɗin PCB da Ake Shawarta
- 6.3 Tsarin Gyarawa
- 6.4 Yanayin Ajiya
- 7. Bayanin Kunshi
- 8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Takaici
- 8.1 Amfanin Da Ake Nufi
- 8.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka Lokacin Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)
- 11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
- 12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha don fitilar LED mai hawa a saman (SMD). An ƙera shi don haɗin kai na atomatik na allon da'ira (PCB), wannan ɓangaren ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin kewayon kayan aikin lantarki.
1.1 Fasali
- Yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
- Yana amfani da guntu na Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) mai haske sosai don samar da hasken rawaya.
- An kunna shi akan tef na milimita 8 wanda aka naɗe a kan reels mai diamita inci 7 don ingantaccen sarrafa kai ta atomatik.
- Ya yi daidai da daidaitattun siffofin kunshin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Lantarki).
- Ya dace da matakan dabaru na lantarki na haɗaɗɗun da'ira (IC).
- An ƙera shi don dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin tara da sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Yana jurewa daidaitattun hanyoyin gyarar IR reflow da ake amfani da su a fasahar hawa a saman (SMT).
1.2 Ayyuka
Wannan LED ya dace da nau'ikan nuni da haskakawa da yawa, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga:
- Kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori na sarrafa ofis, na'urorin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu.
- Haskakawa na baya don maɓallan maɓalli da madannai.
- Alamomin yanayi da wutar lantarki.
- Ƙananan nuni da alamomin panel.
- Fitilun sigina da haskakawa na alama.
2. Girman Kunshi da Bayanin Injiniya
Na'urar tana da daidaitaccen kunshin SMD. Ruwan tabarau yana da haske, yayin da tushen haske ke fitar da launin rawaya ta hanyar guntu na AlInGaP. An ba da duk mahimman girma a cikin zane-zane na fasaha a cikin takardar bayani, tare da daidaitattun ƙetare na ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an faɗi daban. Wannan ya haɗa da tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, da wurin sanya tashoshi na cathode/anode.
3. Ma'auni da Halaye na Fasaha
Duk ma'auni da halaye an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin jiki (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an lura daban.
3.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni
Matsaloli fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (IFP):80 mA (a cikin sake zagayowar aiki 1/10, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms)
- Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (IF):30 mA DC
- Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (VR):5 V
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-55°C zuwa +85°C
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +85°C
- Yanayin Gyarar IR Reflow:Matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na iyakance daƙiƙa 10.
3.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani
Matsakaicin ma'auni na aiki da aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (IF = 20mA, Ta=25°C).
- Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):28.0 - 112.0 mcd (millicandela). Ainihin ƙimar tana cikin kwandon.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya rabi madaidaicin ƙimar axial.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na Fitowa (λP):588.0 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λd):587.0 - 594.5 nm. Wannan yana bayyana launin da ake gani kuma yana cikin kwandon.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm (na yau da kullun).
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):1.80 - 2.40 V. Ainihin ƙimar tana cikin kwandon.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (IR):10 μA matsakaici a VR = 5V.
3.3 Takaici akan Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)
Wannan na'urar tana kula da zubar da wutar lantarki da ƙaruwar wutar lantarki. Dole ne a aiwatar da ingantattun matakan sarrafa ESD yayin sarrafawa, gami da amfani da bel ɗin wuyan da aka kafa, safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali, da tabbatar da cewa duk kayan aikin suna da tushe yadda ya kamata. Ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarfin wutar baya don dalilai ne na gwaji kawai; ba a ƙera LED don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin baya ba.
4. Tsarin Darajar Bin
Don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace, ana rarraba na'urori zuwa kwandon bisa mahimman ma'auni. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LEDs tare da halaye masu matsi.
4.1 Darajar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Vf)
An sanya shi a cikin kwandon a gwajin na'urar na 20mA. Haƙuri a kowace kwandon shine ±0.1V.
- Bin 3: 1.80V - 1.90V
- Bin 4: 1.90V - 2.00V
- Bin 5: 2.00V - 2.10V
- Bin 6: 2.10V - 2.20V
- Bin 7: 2.20V - 2.30V
- Bin 8: 2.30V - 2.40V
4.2 Darajar Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)
An sanya shi a cikin kwandon a gwajin na'urar na 20mA. Haƙuri a kowace kwandon shine ±15%.
- Bin N: 28.0 mcd - 45.0 mcd
- Bin P: 45.0 mcd - 71.0 mcd
- Bin Q: 71.0 mcd - 112.0 mcd
4.3 Darajar Launi (Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango λd)
An sanya shi a cikin kwandon a gwajin na'urar na 20mA. Haƙuri a kowace kwandon shine ±1 nm.
- Bin J: 587.0 nm - 589.5 nm
- Bin K: 589.5 nm - 592.0 nm
- Bin L: 592.0 nm - 594.5 nm
5. Bincike na Maɗaukakin Ayyuka na Yau da Kullun
Takardar bayani ta haɗa da siffofi na maɗaukakin alaƙa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'ira da sarrafa zafi.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwara I-V):Yana nuna alaƙar ƙima, mai mahimmanci don tantance ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewar na'urar da kuma ɓarnar wutar lantarki.
- Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba:Yana kwatanta yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da na'urar, har zuwa matsakaicin ƙima.
- Ƙarfin Haske da Yanayin Yanayi:Yana nuna raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya tashi, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.
- Rarraba Ƙarfin Bakan Dangin:Yana kwatanta bakan fitarwa, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da matsakaicin tsawon zango na ~588 nm, yana tabbatar da fitowar launin rawaya.
- Tsarin Kusurwar Kallo:Zanen polar da ke nuna rarraba kusurwar ƙarfin haske, yana tabbatar da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 130.
6. Jagororin Tari da Sarrafawa
6.1 Tsaftacewa
Only specified cleaning agents should be used. Unspecified chemicals may damage the LED package. If cleaning is necessary, immerse the LED in ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for less than one minute.
6.2 Tsarin Faifan Haɗin PCB da Ake Shawarta
An ba da cikakken tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don tabbatar da ingantaccen samuwar haɗin gyarawa, daidaitawar ɓangaren, da taimakon zafi yayin gyarar reflow. Bin wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci ga yawan samarwa da aminci.
6.3 Tsarin Gyarawa
Gyarar Reflow (Ana Shawarar Tsarin Ba tare da Gubar ba):
- Zafin Jiki Kafin Dumama:150°C - 200°C
- Lokacin Dumama Kafin:Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 120.
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 260°C.
- Lokacin Sama da Ruwa (a kololuwa):Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 10. Ba ya kamata a maimaita tsarin reflow fiye da sau biyu.
Gyarar Hannu (Ƙarfe na Gyarawa):
- Zafin Ƙarshen Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin 300°C.
- Lokacin Tuntuɓar:Matsakaicin daƙiƙa 3 a kowane haɗin. Wannan ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya kawai.
An ba da bayanin zafin jiki bisa ma'auni na JEDEC. Dole ne a siffanta ainihin bayanin don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, man gyarawa, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su.
6.4 Yanayin Ajiya
Jakantar Shinge na Danshi (MBP):Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% Danshi Dangin (RH). Rayuwar shiryayye a cikin jakar da aka rufe tare da busasshiyar shekara ɗaya.
Bayan Buɗe Jaka:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ya kamata a yi wa ɓangarorin gyarar IR reflow cikin sa'o'i 672 (kwanaki 28) na fallasa. Don ajiya fiye da wannan lokacin, a gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.
7. Bayanin Kunshi
Ana ba da LEDs akan tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai ɗaukar hoto tare da murfin kariya.
- Girman Reel:Inci 7 (178 mm) a diamita.
- Faɗin Tef:8 mm.
- Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 3000.
- Ƙananan Adadin Kunshi:Guda 500 don ragowar kuri'a.
- Kunshin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA-481. Ana ba da izinin mafi girman ɓangarorin da suka ɓace guda biyu a jere a kowane reel.
8. Bayanin Aikace-aikace da Takaici
8.1 Amfanin Da Ake Nufi
An ƙera wannan LED don kayan aikin lantarki na gabaɗaya (misali, kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin ofis, na'urorin sadarwa). Ba a ƙididdige shi don aikace-aikacen aminci masu mahimmanci inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da haɗari kai tsaye ga rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, sarrafa sufuri). Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, tuntuɓar masana'anta na ɓangaren ya zama dole don tantance dacewa da buƙatun aminci.
8.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka Lokacin Ƙira
- Iyakancewar Na'urar:Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor na waje don iyakance ƙarfin wutar gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so (≤30 mA DC). Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF shine ƙarfin wutar gaba daga kwandon da ya dace.
- Sarrafa Zafi:Dacewa da gyarar IR reflow da daidaitattun hanyoyin SMT yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aminci a cikin samar da girma.
- Kariya ta Ƙarfin Wutar Baya:Idan da'irar ta fallasa LED ga yuwuwar ƙarancin baya (misali, a cikin AC ko da'irori masu yawa), ana ba da shawarar diode na kariya a layi daya (cathode zuwa cathode).
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Mahimman fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren a cikin ajinsa sun haɗa da:
- Fasahar Kayan Aiki:Amfani da AlInGaP yana ba da ingantacciyar inganci da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi don launuka ja, orange, da rawaya idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP.
- Faɗin Kusurwar Kallo:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 130 tana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai wanda ya dace da alamomin yanayi waɗanda ke buƙatar ganin su daga kusurwoyi daban-daban.
- Ƙarfafa Kunshi:Compatibility with IR reflow soldering and standard SMT processes ensures high reliability in volume manufacturing.
- Cikakken Binning:Binning mai ma'auni uku (Vf, Iv, Tsawon Zango) yana ba da damar daidaita launi da haske daidai gwargwado a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar LEDs da yawa.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)
Q: Menene matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar gaba don ƙididdige resistor na iyakancewar na'urar?
A: Yi amfani da matsakaicin Vf daga kwandon da aka ƙayyade (misali, 2.40V don Bin 8) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ke tabbatar da cewa na'urar ba ta wuce iyakar da ake so ba, ko da tare da bambancin ɓangaren.
Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da wadataccen dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V?
A: Ee. Don wadataccen 3.3V da manufar na'urar na 20mA, ta amfani da matsakaicin Vf na 2.0V, resistor na jeri zai kasance kusan (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 68 Ohm zai dace. Don wadataccen 5V, resistor zai kasance kusan (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ohms.
Q: Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar haske?
A: Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi (don haka haɗuwa) ya ƙaru. Dubi lankwara "Ƙarfin Haske da Yanayin Yanayi" a cikin takardar bayani. Don yanayin zafi mai girma, ƙididdige ƙimar aikin na'urar ko inganta zubar da zafi na iya zama dole.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango da Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango?
A: Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λP) shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda bakan fitarwa ya fi ƙarfi. Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λd) an samo shi daga ma'auni na launi kuma yana wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam. λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.
11. Misalin Ƙira da Amfani
Yanayi: Ƙirar panel na LED da yawa don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.
- Bukatu:Alamomin yanayi rawaya guda huɗu don "Wutar Lantarki," "Intanet," "Wi-Fi," da "Ethernet." Dole ne su kasance masu haske iri ɗaya kuma an daidaita su da launi a gani.
- Zaɓi:Ƙayyade LEDs daga kwandon Ƙarfin Haske ɗaya (misali, Bin Q don babban haske) da kwandon Hue ɗaya (misali, Bin K) don tabbatar da daidaito. Kwandon Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba ba shi da mahimmanci ga daidaitawa amma yana shafar ƙirar wadataccen wutar lantarki.
- Ƙirar Da'ira:Amfani da layin tsarin 5V. Ana ɗaukan zaɓaɓɓen Vf na 2.2V (tsakiyar kewayon) da manufar na'urar na 20mA don kyakkyawan haske da tsawon rai. Ƙididdigar resistor: R = (5V - 2.2V) / 0.020A = 140 Ohms. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor na 150 Ohm don ɗan ƙididdige ƙima (~19mA).
- Shimfidawa:Sanya LEDs akan PCB ta amfani da tsarin ƙasa da aka ba da shawara. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara don iskar iska da hana haɗin gwiwar zafi. Haɗa kowane LED a layi daya tare da nasa resistor mai iyakancewar na'urar zuwa wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller ɗaya kawai wanda aka saita don zubar da na'urar.
- Masana'antu:Bi bayanin IR reflow da aka ba da shawara. Bayan haɗawa, tabbatar da fitowar haske da daidaiton launi.
12. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki
Wannan LED na'urar photonic ce ta semiconductor. Tsakiyarta guntu ne da aka yi da kayan AlInGaP, wanda ya zama haɗin p-n. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba wanda ya wuce yuwuwar ginin haɗin gwiwa, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana bayyana tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, a cikin yankin rawaya (~587-595 nm). Ruwan tabarau na ruwa mai haske yana rufe guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, da kuma siffantar fitowar hasken.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Ci gaban SMD LEDs kamar wannan yana haifar da trends da yawa da ke gudana a cikin lantarki:
- Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman kunshin don ba da damar ƙirar PCB mai girma da ƙananan samfuran ƙarshe.
- Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaba a cikin girma na epitaxial da ƙirar guntu yana haifar da ingantaccen haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace wutar lantarki), yana rage amfani da wutar lantarki da kayan aikin zafi.
- Ingantaccen Fitar da Launi da Gamut:Duk da yake wannan LED ne mai launi ɗaya, mafi faɗin trends sun haɗa da haɓaka masu fitarwa na kunkuntar band don hasken baya na nuni da hasken musamman don cimma gamuts launi mai faɗi.
- Ingantaccen Aminci da Ƙarfi:Haɓaka a cikin kayan kunshi da hanyoyin yana haifar da tsawon rayuwar aiki da ingantaccen juriya ga zagayowar zafi, danshi, da sauran matsalolin muhalli.
- Haɗin kai:Trend zuwa haɗa guntu na LED da yawa (misali, RGB), da'irar sarrafawa, har ma da direbobi cikin ɗayan, ingantattun kunshin modules masu hankali.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |