Takardar Bayani na LED Yellow SMD 595nm - Kunshin EIA - 30mA - 75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na LED Yellow mai hawa sama (surface-mount) mai inganci. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar guntu mai haske sosai ta AlInGaP, tana ba da ƙarfin haske mai yawa a cikin ƙaramin kunshi mai daidaitaccen ma'auni na masana'antu. An ƙera ta don dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, gami da gyarar reflow ta infrared, wanda ya sa ta dace da yanayin kera mai yawan gaske. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS kuma an rarrabe shi azaman samfurin kore.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Ma'auni

Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana ta a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C. Wucewa waɗannan ƙimar na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da LED zata iya fitarwa azaman zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Halin Yanzu (I_F(PEAK)):80 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin haɗari, 0.1ms faɗin bugun) don hana yin zafi sosai.
• Ci gaba da Halin Gaba na Halin Yanzu (I_F):30 mA DC. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai ci gaba.
• Rage Ƙimar (Derating):Dole ne a rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da layi 0.4 mA ga kowane digiri Celsius sama da 50°C yanayin zafin muhalli don kiyaye amincin.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya mafi girma na iya lalata haɗin semiconductor na LED.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +85°C.
• Yanayin Gyarar Infrared:Yana jurewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na tsawon dakika 5, yana dacewa da hanyoyin da ba su da gubar (Pb-free).

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Mahimman ma'auni na aiki ana auna su a Ta=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 18.0 mcd zuwa ƙimar yau da kullun na 50.0 mcd. Wannan shine hasken da ake gani kamar yadda na'urar aunawa ta auna ta hanyar tacewa don dacewa da amsawar gani na idon ɗan adam (lanƙwasa CIE).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 130. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana nuna LED tana fitar da haske a kan faɗin yanki, tare da maki rabin ƙarfin da ke nesa da digiri 65 daga tsakiyar axis.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na Fitowa (λ_P):595 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitar da ƙarfin haske ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):592 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda ya fi wakiltar launin da ake gani na LED, wanda aka samo daga lissafin launi na CIE.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Hasken (Δλ):16 nm. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna tsaftar hasken; ƙaramin ƙima yana nufin tushen haske mai launi ɗaya.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 2.4 V, tare da matsakaicin 2.4 V a 20 mA. Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da take gudanar da halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya na 5V.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin (C):Yawanci 40 pF ana auna shi a 0V bias da mitar 1 MHz.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabe (Binning)

Ƙarfin hasken LEDs ana rarrabe su zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Lambar rukunin tana ayyana mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin.

• Lambar Rukunin M:18.0 - 28.0 mcd
• Lambar Rukunin N:28.0 - 45.0 mcd
• Lambar Rukunin P:45.0 - 71.0 mcd
• Lambar Rukunin Q:71.0 - 112.0 mcd
• Lambar Rukunin R:112.0 - 180.0 mcd

Ana amfani da jurewar +/-15% ga kowane rukunin ƙarfi. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LEDs tare da matakan haske da ake iya hasashen su don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman zane-zane a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Fig.1, Fig.6), lanƙwasa na yau da kullun don irin waɗannan na'urori sun haɗa da:

• Lanƙwasa I-V (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki):Yana nuna alaƙar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu. Lanƙwasa zai sami halayen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na "gwiwa" a kusa da 2.0-2.4V.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Ƙarfin gabaɗaya yana ƙaruwa da layi tare da halin yanzu har zuwa wani lokaci, bayan haka inganci na iya raguwa saboda dumama.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Ƙarfin yawanci yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafin muhalli ya tashi saboda raguwar ingancin ƙididdiga na ciki da ƙaruwar haɗuwa mara haske.
• Rarraba Hasken:Zane na ƙarfin haske mai dangi da tsawon zango, yana kololuwa a 595nm tare da rabin faɗi na 16nm, yana tabbatar da fitar da launin rawaya.
• Tsarin Kusurwar Dubawa:Zane mai siffar polar wanda ke kwatanta rarraba ƙarfin haske na kusurwa, yana tabbatar da cikakkiyar kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED yana cikin kunshin EIA mai daidaitaccen ma'auni na masana'antu. Duk girmansu yana cikin milimita tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.10 mm sai dai idan an faɗi. Kunshin yana da ruwa mai tsabta.

5.2 Gano Polarity & Ƙirar Pad

Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da shawarar shimfidar pad ɗin gyarawa don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gyarawa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin reflow. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan kunshin, kamar notch, alama kore, ko gajeriyar jagora. Ƙirar pad ɗin da aka ba da shawarar tana taimakawa hana tombstoning kuma tana tabbatar da daidaitaccen jeri.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Gyarar Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin reflow na infrared (IR) don hanyoyin man gyarawa maras gubar (SnAgCu). Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da:

• Preheat:Hawa zuwa 120-150°C.
• Lokacin Jiƙa/Preheat:Matsakaicin dakika 120 don kunna flux da daidaita zafin allon.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 240°C.
• Lokacin Sama da Liquidus:Takamaiman tsawon lokaci (wanda bayanin ya nuna) don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gyarawa ba tare da dumama kayan aiki ba.
• Iyaka Mai Muhimmanci:Jikin kayan aiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C fiye da dakika 5 ba.

6.2 Gyarar Hannu

Idan gyarar hannu ya zama dole:

• Zafin ƙarshen gwangwani bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba.
• Lokacin gyarawa kowane jagora ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3.
• Wannan ya kamata a yi shi sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa damuwa na zafi akan kunshin.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman magungunan tsaftacewa. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sune barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a yanayin zafin daki na yau da kullun. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik ko kayan kunshi.

6.4 Yanayin Ajiya

• Yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar: ≤30°C da ≤70% zafi na dangi.
• LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin kunshinsu na hana danshi yakamata a gyarar reflow a cikin sa'o'i 672 (kwanaki 28) don hana shan danshi.
• Don tsawaita ajiya a waje da ainihin jakar, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da desiccant ko nitrogen desiccator.
• Kayan aikin da aka ajiye a waje da jaka fiye da sa'o'i 672 suna buƙatar pre-treatment na gasa (kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 24) kafin gyarawa don fitar da danshin da aka sha kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da LEDs a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm), suna dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin zaɓi da sanyawa na atomatik.

• Guda a kowane Reel: 3000.
• Matsakaicin Ƙimar Oda (MOQ) don Sauran:Guda 500.
• Kaset ɗin Rufi:Ana rufe fanko mara komai a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗauka da babban kaset ɗin rufi.
• Rasa Kayan Aiki:Ana ba da izinin mafi girman LEDs biyu masu bi da bi da suka ɓace ("skips") bisa ga ƙayyadaddun reel.
• Kunshin ya yi daidai da ma'auni na ANSI/EIA 481-1-A-1994.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED ya dace da hasken gabaɗaya da dalilai na nuni a cikin kayan lantarki na yau da kullun, gami da amma ba iyaka ga:

• Alamomin matsayi akan kayan lantarki na mabukaci (TVs, routers, masu caji).
• Hasken baya don maɓallai, masu canzawa, ko ƙananan alluna.
• Hasken kayan ado a cikin na'urori.
• Alamomi da abubuwan nuni.

Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Ba a ba da shawarar don aikace-aikacen mahimmanci na aminci (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, sarrafa sufuri) ba tare da tuntuɓar farko da cancanta ba, saboda gazawar na iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwa ko lafiya.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da su a Ƙirar Kewayawa

Hanyar Tuƙi:LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙi da yawa LEDs a layi daya, yana dashawara mai ƙarfidon amfani da resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a jere tare da kowane LED (Tsarin Kewayawa A).

• Tsarin Kewayawa A (An ba da Shawara):Vcc → Resistor → LED → GND. Wannan yana rama ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) na kowane LED, yana tabbatar da kowane yana karɓar kusan halin yanzu iri ɗaya don haka yana fitar da haske iri ɗaya.
• Tsarin Kewayawa B (Ba a ba da Shawara don Layi Daya):Haɗa LEDs da yawa kai tsaye a layi daya zuwa resistor guda ɗaya mai iyakance halin yanzu (Vcc → Resistor → [LED1 // LED2 // ...] → GND) ba a ƙarfafa shi ba. Ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin V_Fzai iya haifar da rashin daidaito mai mahimmanci na halin yanzu, inda LED tare da mafi ƙarancin V_Fya mamaye mafi yawan halin yanzu, yana bayyana yana da haske kuma yana iya zama mai damuwa, yayin da wasu suka bayyana a sume.

Ƙimar resistor (R) ana iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fshine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun (misali, 2.4V) kuma I_Fshine halin yanzu na aiki da ake so (misali, 20mA).

9. Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. ESD na iya haifar da lalacewa a ɓoye ko bala'i, yana rage aiki ko haifar da gazawar nan take.

Alamun Lalacewar ESD:Babban halin yanzu na baya mai yawa, ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F), ko gazawar haskakawa a ƙananan halin yanzu na tuƙi.

Matakan Kariya daga ESD:

• Ma'aikata yakamata su sanya wando mai kafa da ƙasa ko safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki.
• Duk kayan aiki, teburin aiki, da racks na ajiya dole ne a kafa su da kyau.
• Yi amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na LED saboda gogayyar hannu.
• Sarrafa kayan aiki a cikin yanki mai kariya daga ESD (EPA).

Gwaji don Lalacewar ESD:Duba don haskakawa da auna V_Fa ƙananan halin yanzu (misali, 0.1mA). Ga wannan samfurin AlInGaP, "mai kyau" LED yakamata ya sami V_F> 1.4V a 0.1mA.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

Wannan LED ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar siffofi masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Fasahar Guntu:Yana amfani da AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda aka sani da inganci da kwanciyar hankali a cikin hasken ja, orange, amber, da rawaya, idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP.
• Hasken:Yana ba da ƙarfin haske mai yawa (har zuwa 180 mcd a cikin mafi girman rukunin) daga ƙaramin kunshi.
• Faɗin Kusurwar Dubawa:Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 yana ba da haske mai faɗi, daidai wanda ya dace da alamomin panel.
• Dacewar Tsari:Cikakken dacewa da haɗawa ta atomatik na SMT da gyarar reflow na infrared maras gubar, yana rage rikitarwa da farashin kera.
• Daidaituwa:Ƙafar kunshin ETD mai daidaitaccen ma'auni yana tabbatar da sauƙin samun tushe na biyu da ɗaukar ƙira.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q1: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_P) da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d)?

A1: Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango shine madaidaicin maki na mafi girman fitarwa na haske. Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye ƙimar lissafi ce da ke wakiltar launin da ake gani kamar yadda zanen launi na CIE ya ayyana. Sau da yawa suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba.

Q2: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a matsakaicin halin yanzu na kololuwa (80mA) a ci gaba?

A2: A'a. Ƙimar 80mA na bugun jini ne na gajere sosai (faɗin 0.1ms) a ƙaramin aikin haɗari (10%). Aiki mai ci gaba bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar halin yanzu na gaba na DC na 30mA ba, kuma wannan yakamata a rage shi sama da yanayin zafin muhalli na 50°C.

Q3: Me yasa ake buƙatar resistor na jere na mutum ɗaya ga kowane LED a layi daya?

A3: Yana ba da ra'ayi mara kyau, yana daidaita halin yanzu. Idan LED ɗaya yana da ƙaramin V_F, raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan resistor ɗinsa yana ƙaruwa kaɗan, yana iyakance hawan halin yanzu da daidaita haske a duk LEDs.

Q4: Yaya mahimmanci ne rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 672 bayan buɗe jakar hana danshi?

A4: Yana da mahimmanci sosai ga amincin tsari. Danshin da aka sha zai iya yin tururi da sauri yayin reflow, yana haifar da rabuwa na ciki ko fashewa ("popcorning"). Yin bin wannan jagora ko yin zagayen gasa yana da mahimmanci don yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa.

12. Nazarin Lamarin Ƙira

Yanayi:Ƙirar panel iko tare da alamomin matsayi na rawaya 10. Wutar lantarki na tsarin shine 5V.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Zaɓin Halin Yanzu:Zaɓi halin yanzu na tuƙi. Don daidaita haske da tsawon rai, an zaɓi 20mA daga yanayin gwaji na takardar bayanai.
2. Tsarin Kewayawa:Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, yi amfani da Tsarin Kewayawa A: resistor ɗaya ga kowane LED.
3. Lissafin Resistor:Yin amfani da V na yau da kullun_F= 2.4V, V_supply= 5V, I_F= 0.020A.
   
   R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 2.6V / 0.02A = 130 Ω.
   
   Mafi kusancin ƙimar resistor na 5% na yau da kullun shine 130 Ω ko 120 Ω. Yin amfani da 120 Ω zai haifar da I_F≈ (5-2.4)/120 = 21.7mA, wanda ke karɓuwa.
4. Matsayin Wutar Lantarki don Resistor:P = I²* R = (0.020)²* 120 = 0.048W. Matsakaicin 1/8W (0.125W) ko resistor 1/10W ya fi isa.
5. Shimfidawa:Bi ƙayyadaddun girmen pad ɗin gyarawa da aka ba da shawara daga takardar bayanai don mafi kyawun fillets na gyarawa da ƙarfin injiniya.
6. Haɗawa:Bi bayanin reflow na IR da aka ba da shawara. Tabbatar an yi amfani da kayan aiki a cikin rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 672 ko an gasa su daidai.

13. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP da aka girma akan substrate. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yanki mai aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. A cikin semiconductor mai tazara kai tsaye kamar AlInGaP, wannan sake haɗuwa sau da yawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske) – wani tsari da ake kira electroluminescence. Takamaiman tsawon zango na hasken da aka fitar (rawaya, ~592-595nm) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na abun da ke cikin AlInGaP. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntu, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana siffanta fitar da haske (a wannan yanayin, don faɗin kusurwar dubawa).

14. Trends na Masana'antu

Kasuwancin SMD LEDs yana ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends na gabaɗaya da ake gani a cikin abubuwan da ke ciki kamar wannan sun haɗa da:

• Ƙaruwar Inganci:Ci gaba da inganta girma na epitaxial da ƙirar guntu yana haifar da ingancin haske mafi girma (ƙarin fitar da haske kowace wutar lantarki).
• Ƙananan Girma:Yayin da wannan kunshi ne na yau da kullun, masana'antu yana tuƙa don ƙananan ƙafafu (misali, 0402, 0201) don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari.
• Ƙarfafa Aminci:Ingantattun kayan kunshi da hanyoyin suna haifar da tsawon rayuwar aiki da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin damuwa na zafi da muhalli.
• Daidaituwa & Dacewa:Bin ka'idojin duniya (EIA, JEDEC) da dacewar tsari (maras gubar, reflow) ya kasance mai mahimmanci don haɗa kai cikin kera kayan lantarki na zamani.
• Daidaiton Launi:Ana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun rarrabuwa da ingantattun fasahohin phosphor (don fararen LEDs) don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaitawar launi.