Bayanin Fasaha na SMD LED LTST-C990KSKT-BL - Girman 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.8-2.4V - Ƙarfin Wuta 62.5mW - LED Mai Launin Raɓa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na LTST-C990KSKT-BL, fitilar LED na na'urar da aka haɗa a saman (SMD). An ƙera shi don haɗin kai na PCB ta atomatik, wannan kayan aikin ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙaramin girmansa, fitowar haske mai ƙarfi daga guntun AlInGaP, da cikakkiyar dacewa da injinan ɗauka da sanya da kuma aikin IR reflow. An ƙera shi don cika ka'idojin RoHS. Aikace-aikacensa sun bambanta, sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya da wayoyin hannu), na'urori masu sarrafa ofis kamar kwamfutocin tebur, tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa, kayan aikin gida, da hasken alama ko alamar cikin gida. Amfanin takamaiman sun haɗa da hasken baya na maɓalli ko madannai, alamomin yanayi, ƙananan nuni, da fitilun sigina gabaɗaya.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa

Sasannin masu zuwa suna cikakken bayyana mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi waɗanda ke ayyana iyakar aikin LED.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ƙayyadad da iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba. A yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C: Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na gaba (IF) shine 25 mA. Na'urar na iya ɗaukar mafi girman ƙarfin gaba na 60 mA, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da aikin 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1 ms. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) shine 5 V. Jimlar ƙarfin wutar lantarki bai kamata ya wuce 62.5 mW ba. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya faɗaɗa daga -40°C zuwa +85°C. Kayan aikin na iya jurewa IR reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na tsawon dakika 10.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan halaye a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, IF=20 mA) kuma suna wakiltar aikin yau da kullun. Ƙarfin haske (Iv), ma'aunin hasken da ake gani, ya kasance daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 450.0 mcd zuwa mafi girma na 1120.0 mcd. Kusurwar kallo, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman 2θ1/2 inda ƙarfin ya rabi ƙimar axial, shine digiri 75, yana nuna tsarin katako mai faɗi. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λP) yawanci shine 591.0 nm. Tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd), wanda ke ayyana wurin launin da ake gani akan zanen launi na CIE, an ƙayyade shi tsakanin 584.5 nm da 594.5 nm, yana sanya shi a cikin yankin raɓa na bakan. Rabin faɗin layin bakan (Δλ) yana kusan 15 nm. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) a 20 mA ya kasance daga 1.8 V zuwa 2.4 V. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (IR) a 5 V shine 10 µA matsakaici.

2.3 Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Zafi

Duk da cewa ba a cikakken bayyana su a cikin lanƙwasa a cikin abin da aka ciro ba, matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 62.5 mW da ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin aiki sune mahimman ma'auni na zafi. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar cewa tsarin PCB da yanayin aikace-aikacen suna ba da isasshen rabon zafi don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki masu aminci, saboda wuce matsakaicin ma'auni zai rage aiki da tsawon rai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba Bin

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara bisa ga ma'auni da aka auna. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kayan aikin da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)

Ga nau'in raɓa, ana rarraba ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa kwandon shara guda biyu a ƙarfin gwaji na 20 mA: Bin F2 (1.80 V zuwa 2.10 V) da Bin F3 (2.10 V zuwa 2.40 V). Haƙuri na kowane kwandon shara shine ±0.1 V. Zaɓin LED daga kwandon shara ɗaya na VF yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye rarraba ƙarfin lantarki daidai lokacin da aka haɗa na'urori da yawa a layi daya.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon shara guda biyu: Bin U (450.0 mcd zuwa 710.0 mcd) da Bin V (710.0 mcd zuwa 1120.0 mcd). Haƙuri shine ±15% na kewayon kwandon shara. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa ga matakan haske da ake buƙata, tare da Bin V yana ba da fitarwa mafi girma.

3.3 Rarraba Launi (Tsayin Tsayin Da Ya Fi Rinjaye)

Tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye, wanda ke ƙayyade takamaiman inuwar raɓa, an raba shi zuwa kwandon shara huɗu: Bin H (584.5 nm zuwa 587.0 nm), Bin J (587.0 nm zuwa 589.5 nm), Bin K (589.5 nm zuwa 592.0 nm), da Bin L (592.0 nm zuwa 594.5 nm). Haƙuri na kowane kwandon shara shine ±1 nm. Wannan daidaitaccen rarraba yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitawar launi mai tsauri, kamar nuni na LED da yawa ko alamomin yanayi inda daidaiton launi ya fi muhimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Duk da yake an ambaci takamaiman lanƙwasa amma ba a nuna su a cikin rubutun ba, yawanci za a haɗa waɗannan zane-zane na irin wannan na'urar, suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin LED da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikinta. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance ƙarfin lantarki (misali, resistor na jerin ko direba mai ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun) don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi a matakin haske da ake so ba tare da wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki ba.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan zane yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Yawanci yana layi a cikin kewayon amma zai cika a mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki. Yin aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na DC na iya ba da haske mafi girma amma zai iya rage inganci da hanzarta raguwar lumen akan lokaci.

4.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli

Wannan lanƙwasa na halayen yana nuna mummunan tasirin hawan zafin haɗin gwiwa akan fitowar haske. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, ƙarfin haske gabaɗaya yana raguwa. Fahimtar wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi don tabbatar da isasshen haske.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Zanen bakan zai nuna ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da aka fitar azaman aikin tsayin tsayi, mai tsakiya a kusa da kololuwar 591 nm tare da rabin faɗin ~15 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da fitarwar launin raɓa na guntu na AlInGaP.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED yana cikin daidaitaccen kunshin SMD mai bin EIA. Mahimman girmansa sun haɗa da tsawon 3.2 mm, faɗin 2.8 mm, da tsayi na 1.9 mm. Duk haƙƙoƙin girma suna ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade su. Na'urar tana da ruwa mai tsabta wanda ke taimakawa wajen cimma kusurwar kallo na digiri 75.

5.2 Tsarin Pad ɗin Haɗin PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don ƙirar PCB don tabbatar da amintaccen gishiri da daidaitawar injiniya. Yin bin wannan tsarin pad ɗin da aka ba da shawara yana da mahimmanci don samun kyakkyawan gishiri da hana kabari yayin reflow.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Tashar cathode (korau) yawanci ana yiwa alama a jikin na'urar, sau da yawa ta hanyar tsaga, kore, ko yanke kusurwa akan ruwan tabarau ko kunshin. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen yanayin polarity yayin haɗawa don tabbatar da aikin da ya dace.

6. Jagororin Gishiri da Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Gishirin IR Reflow

Don hanyoyin gishiri marasa gubar (Pb-free), ana ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin martaba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 260°C ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 10. Ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urar kawai har sau biyu na sake zagayowar a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan. An ba da shawarar matakin pre-heat tsakanin 150°C da 200°C har zuwa dakika 120 don rage girgizar zafi. Waɗannan ma'auni sun yi daidai da ka'idojin JEDEC don tabbatar da haɗin gishiri amintacce ba tare da lalata kunshin LED ba.

6.2 Umarnin Gishiri da Hannu

Idan gishiri da hannu ya zama dole, ya kamata a kiyaye zafin ƙarshen gishiri a ko ƙasa da 300°C. Lokacin tuntuɓar kowane haɗin gishiri ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin dakika 3, kuma wannan ya kamata a yi shi sau ɗaya kawai a kowane haɗin gwiwa don hana wuce gona da iri na zafi zuwa mutuwar semiconductor.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Jakunkunan da ba a buɗe su ba masu hankali ga danshi (MSL 3) ya kamata a adana su a ≤ 30°C da ≤ 90% danshi (RH) kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin kunshin da aka rufe, ya kamata a adana LED a cikin yanayin da bai wuce 30°C da 60% RH ba. Ana ba da shawarar sosai don kammala aikin IR reflow cikin mako guda bayan buɗewa. Don ajiya mai tsawo a waje da ainihin jakar, ya kamata a adana kayan aikin a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da bushewa ko a cikin desiccator da aka tsarkake nitrogen. Idan an adana fiye da mako guda a waje da ainihin kunshin, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 20 kafin gishiri don cire danshin da aka sha da hana \"popcorning\" yayin reflow.

6.4 Hanyoyin Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gishiri, kawai dole ne a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ko ethyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafin daki na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade su ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko kunshin.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da LED a cikin kaset mai ɗaukar kaya akan reels mai diamita 7-inch (178 mm), daidai da ka'idojin ANSI/EIA-481. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 3000. Girman aljihun kaset an ƙera shi don riƙe kayan aikin 3.2x2.8mm cikin aminci. Kaset ɗin saman yana rufe aljihu. Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da ba a samu ba a cikin kaset shine biyu. Don adadin ƙasa da cikakken reel, mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryayye na guda 500 yana samuwa don sauran umarni.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Dole ne a tuka LED tare da ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ko ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki da aka haɗa a jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jerin (R_s) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_s = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F, inda V_F shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a ƙarfin lantarki da ake so I_F (misali, 20 mA). Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_F na 2.4 V yana tabbatar da cewa an daidaita girman resistor don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin kwandon shara.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira da Kariya

Hankali na ESD:LED yana da hankali ga zubar da lantarki (ESD). Dole ne a sami ingantattun sarrafawa na ESD a lokacin sarrafawa da haɗawa, gami da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu tushe, tabarma mai hana tashin hankali, da kayan aikin ESD-safe.
Sarrafa Ƙarfin Lantarki:Kada a taɓa haɗa LED kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da iyakance ƙarfin lantarki ba, saboda hakan zai haifar da wuce gona da iri na ƙarfin lantarki, zafi nan take, da gazawa mai muni.
Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar cewa tsarin PCB yana ba da isasshen taimakon zafi, musamman lokacin aiki a ko kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na DC. Guji sanya LED kusa da wasu manyan tushen zafi.
Iyakar Aikace-aikace:An ƙera wannan kayan aikin don kayan aikin lantarki na gabaɗaya. Ba a ƙididdige shi don aikace-aikacen da gazawar zai iya haifar da haɗari kai tsaye ga rayuwa ko aminci, kamar a cikin jiragen sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, ko tsarin sarrafa sufuri mai mahimmanci ba tare da tuntuɓar juna da cancanta ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

LTST-C990KSKT-BL ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don guntun haske. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaP (Gallium Phosphide) na yau da kullun, AlInGaP yana ba da inganci mafi girma na haske, yana haifar da haske mafi girma (har zuwa 1120 mcd) don ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, sabanin ruwan tabarau mai watsewa ko launi, yana ƙara fitar da haske kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙayyadadden kusurwar kallo na digiri 75. Cikakkiyar dacewarsa tare da manyan ayyukan haɗin kai na SMT ta atomatik, gami da ƙaƙƙarfan bayanan martaba na IR reflow, ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai tsada da amintacce don masana'antar kayan lantarki na zamani.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin tsayi da tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye?
A: Tsayin tsayi (λP) shine tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya inda mafi girman ƙarfin haske ya fi girma (591 nm na yau da kullun). Tsayin tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd) an samo shi daga ma'auni na launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin tsayi guda ɗaya na haske mai launi guda ɗaya wanda zai dace da launin da ake gani na LED (584.5-594.5 nm). λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED da samar da 3.3V?
A: Ee, amma resistor na jerin ya zama dole. Ta amfani da matsakaicin V_F na 2.4V da manufa I_F na 20mA, ƙimar resistor zata kasance R = (3.3V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 45 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 47 Ohm zai zama zaɓi mai dacewa, yana haifar da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki kaɗan.

Q: Me ya sa rarraba kwandon shara yake da mahimmanci?
A: Rarraba kwandon shara yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa. Misali, amfani da LED duka daga Bin V don ƙarfin haske da Bin K don tsayin tsayi yana tabbatar da cewa duk alamomin da ke cikin panel ɗin za su kasance kusan daidai da haske da inuwar raɓa ɗaya, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ingancin samfur da kyan gani.

Q: Menene ma'anar \"MSL 3\" don ajiya?
A: Matakin Hankali na Danshi 3 yana nuna cewa ana iya fallasa na'urar da aka kunshin zuwa yanayin bene na masana'anta (≤ 30°C/60% RH) har zuwa sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) kafin a buƙatar gasa don cire danshin da zai iya haifar da lalacewar ciki yayin aikin gishiri na reflow mai zafi.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar panel ɗin nuna yanayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.
Panel ɗin yana buƙatar LED raɓa huɗu don nuna yanayin \"Wutar Lantarki,\" \"Intanet,\" \"Wi-Fi,\" da \"Ethernet\". Don tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya, mai ƙira ya ƙayyade LED daga Bin V (don babban haske mai daidaito) da Bin J (don takamaiman launin raɓa). Da'irar tana samun ƙarfin lantarki daga layin 5V na na'urar hanyar sadarwa. An ƙididdige resistor na jerin ta amfani da matsakaicin V_F don aminci: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms. An sanya resistor 130 Ohm, 1/8W a jere tare da kowane LED. Tsarin PCB yana amfani da shawarar ƙirar ƙafar ƙafa kuma ya haɗa da ƙananan sandunan taimakon zafi akan pad ɗin cathode. Gidan haɗawa yana bin bayanin martaba na IR da aka bayar. Samfurin ƙarshe yana nuna alamomi huɗu masu haske, daidai daidai waɗanda ake iya gani daga kusurwa mai faɗi.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Fitar haske a cikin wannan LED ya dogara ne akan electroluminescence a cikin guntun semiconductor wanda ya ƙunshi AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin lantarki na bandgap na guntu (kusan 2V), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki daga nau'ikan semiconductor na n-type da p-type, bi da bi. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin makamashi na bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, raɓa. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana rufe guntun, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana siffata katakon fitar haske (kusurwar kallo na digiri 75), da haɓaka fitar da haske daga kayan semiconductor.

13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Amfani da kayan AlInGaP don LED raɓa, orange, da ja yana wakiltar ingantaccen fasaha mai inganci, yana ba da inganci mafi girma da haske idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin hanyoyin GaAsP da GaP. Trends na yanzu a cikin LED na SMD suna mai da hankali kan ƙara inganci (lumens a kowace watt), cimma mafi girman matsakaicin ƙarfin tuƙi da ƙimar wuta a cikin ƙananan fakitoci, inganta yadda ake nuna launi da jikewa, da haɓaka amincin a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsauri. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin kai tare da direbobi masu hankali da haɓaka kunshin LED na ma'auni na guntu (CSP) waɗanda ke kawar da kunshin filastik na al'ada sune wuraren ci gaba da ke gudana. Kayan aikin da aka kwatanta a nan yana amfani da ingantaccen fasaha mai aminci wanda aka inganta don samar da farashi mai araha, babban samarwa a cikin aikace-aikacen masu amfani da na masana'antu na yau da kullun.