Bayanin Fasaha na LTST-B680VSKT SMD LED - Haske Mai Ruwan Zuma AlInGaP - 20mA - 120mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTST-B680VSKT na'urar da ake hawa a saman allo (SMD) ce mai fitar da haske (LED) wacce aka tsara don haɗa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) ta atomatik. Tana cikin dangin ƙananan LED masu dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari. Na'urar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da haske mai ruwan zuma, wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin fakitin ruwa mai tsabta. Babban manufarta na ƙira su ne dacewa da hanyoyin masana'antu masu yawa da amincin a cikin yanayin lantarki daban-daban.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari), wanda ya sa ya zama mai dacewa da muhalli don na'urorin lantarki na zamani. An tattara shi akan tef mai girman milimita 8 wanda aka nannade a kan reels masu diamita inci 7, wanda daidaitaccen tsari (EIA) ne wanda ya dace da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik. Wannan fasalin yana sauƙaƙa layukan haɗawa sosai. An kuma tsara kayan ya dace da hanyoyin siyar da infrared (IR) reflow, wanda shine babbar hanyar haɗa abubuwan SMD. Babban kasuwarmar da ake nufi ita ce kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urori na sarrafa ofis, na'urorin gida, tsarin sarrafa masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen alamar cikin gida ko nuni inda ake buƙatar hasken nuni mai aminci da ƙanƙanta.

2. Sigogi na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Maƙasudi

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike kan iyakokin aiki da halayen aikin LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su za a iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ƙimar a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na yanzu (IF) shine 50 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, ana iya yin amfani da kololuwar kwararar gaba na 80 mA a ƙarƙashin tsarin aiki mai tsauri 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Matsakaicin ƙarfin baya (VR) da za a iya amfani da shi shine 5V. Na'urar na iya watsar da wutar lantarki har zuwa 120 mW. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +100°C, yana nuna ƙarfi don amfani a cikin yanayi mai tsanani.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA) kuma suna wakiltar aikin da ake tsammani. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da kewayon yau da kullun daga 900 mcd (millicandela) zuwa 1800 mcd, yana nuna fitarwa mai haske wanda ya dace da manufar nuni. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine digiri 120, yana ba da tsarin katako mai faɗi sosai. Tsawon tsayin fitarwa (λp) yawanci shine 591 nm, yana faɗowa cikin yankin rawaya na bakan gani. Tsawon tsayin da ya fi rinjaye (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, an ƙayyade shi tsakanin 584.0 nm da 594.0 nm. Ƙarfin gaba (VF) a 20mA ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 1.8V zuwa matsakaicin 2.4V, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun da aka nuna a cikin wannan kewayon. Kwararar baya (IR) tana da ƙasa sosai, tare da matsakaicin 10 μA a 5V baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Bin Ranking

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun ƙofa don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Matsayi na Ƙarfin Gaba (Vf)

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga raguwar ƙarfin gaba a 20mA. Kwandon su ne: D2 (1.80V - 2.00V), D3 (2.00V - 2.20V), da D4 (2.20V - 2.40V). Ana amfani da jurewar ±0.1V ga kowane kwandon. Zaɓin LED daga kwandon Vf ɗaya yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton halin yanzu lokacin da ake tuka LED da yawa a layi daya daga tushen wutar lantarki guda.

3.2 Matsayi na Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)

Ana rarraba fitarwar haske zuwa kwandon uku: V2 (900 - 1120 mcd), W1 (1120 - 1400 mcd), da W2 (1400 - 1800 mcd). Jurewar ±11% ya shafi kowane kwandon ƙarfi. Wannan matsayi yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitattun matakan haske a cikin alamomi da yawa.

3.3 Matsayi na Tsawon Tsayin da Ya Fi Rinjaye (Wd)

An rarraba launi (tsawon tsayin da ya fi rinjaye) zuwa kwandon huɗu: H (584.0 - 586.5 nm), J (586.5 - 589.0 nm), K (589.0 - 591.5 nm), da L (591.5 - 594.0 nm). Kowane kwandon yana da jurewar ±1 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga nuni na LED da yawa ko alamomin matsayi inda daidaitawar launi ke da mahimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lanƙwasa masu hoto a cikin takardar bayanan, an bayyana abin da ke tattare da su a nan. Lanƙwasa na yau da kullun za su haɗa da alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (IF) da ƙarfin gaba (VF), yana nuna halayen I-V na diode. Wani muhimmin lanƙwasa zai zana ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da yanayin zafin yanayi, yawanci yana nuna raguwar fitarwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu. Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan zai kwatanta ƙarancin bandwidth na fitar da haske a kusa da 591 nm, wanda shine sifa na fasahar AlInGaP kuma yana haifar da launin rawaya mai cika.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakiti

LED yana zuwa a cikin daidaitaccen fakiti na SMD. Launin ruwan tabarau yana da tsabta, kuma launin tushen haske shine rawaya daga guntu na AlInGaP. Duk girmansu na fakiti ana bayar da su a cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewar ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Takardar bayanan ta haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane masu girma don LED kanta, shimfidar kushin PCB da aka ba da shawarar don siyar da infrared ko tururi, da kuma fakiti (tef da girman reel).

6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa

6.1 Shawararriyar Bayanin Reflow na IR

Don hanyoyin siyar da maras gubar, ana ba da shawarar bayanin reflow wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da zafin jiki kafin dumama tsakanin 150°C da 200°C, lokacin dumama kafin har zuwa 120 seconds matsakaici, da kuma kololuwar zafin jikin fakiti wanda bai wuce 260°C ba har zuwa 10 seconds. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mafi kyawun bayanin ya dogara da takamaiman ƙirar PCB, manne, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su.

6.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Jakunkunan da ba a buɗe ba masu hana danshi waɗanda ke ɗauke da busassun abu yakamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤70% Danshi na Dangi (RH), tare da shawarar rayuwar shiryayye na shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe ainihin fakiti, yakamata a adana LED a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ana ba da shawarar sosai a kammala tsarin reflow na IR cikin sa'o'i 168 (7 kwanaki) bayan buɗewa. Don ajiya fiye da wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar gasa a kusan 60°C na aƙalla awanni 48 kafin siyarwa don cire danshin da aka sha da hana lalacewar \"popcorning\" yayin reflow.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyarwa, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol. Yakamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Dole ne a guji magungunan tsaftacewa da ba a ƙayyade ba saboda suna iya lalata kayan fakiti.

7. Bayanin Fakiti da Oda

Daidaitaccen fakiti shine tef mai girman milimita 8 akan reels masu diamita inci 7 (178mm). Daidaitaccen reel inci 13 yana ɗauke da guda 8000. Mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na ragowar shine guda 500. Fakiti yana bin ƙayyadaddun ANSI/EIA 481, tare da matsakaicin abubuwan da suka ɓace biyu a jere (aljihuna fanko) da aka yarda a cikin tef.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

LED na'urori ne masu tuka halin yanzu. Don aiki mai aminci da daidaiton haske lokacin tuka LED da yawa a layi daya, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na kowane LED a jere. Wannan yana rama ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin gaba (Vf) na kowane na'ura, yana hana cinye halin yanzu inda LED ɗaya ya ja halin yanzu da yawa kuma ya bayyana mai haske yayin da wasu suka yi duhu. Da'irar resistor mai sauƙi a jere ita ce hanyar tuƙi da aka ba da shawarar kuma mafi aminci.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ake La'akari da Ƙira

Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi. Duk da yake na'urar na iya aiki har zuwa 100°C, fitarwar haske yana raguwa tare da ƙara zafin haɗuwa. Wurin tagulla na PCB wanda ya isa ko ramukan zafi na iya zama dole don aikace-aikacen halin yanzu mai girma ko yanayin zafi mai girma. Faffadan kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 ya sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da nuni ke buƙatar ganuwa daga faffadan kewayon wurare, amma ba don aikace-aikacen katako mai mai da hankali ba.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Phosphide (GaP), LED na AlInGaP suna ba da inganci mafi girma da fitarwa mai haske don launuka a cikin kewayon ja zuwa rawaya. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, sabanin ruwan tabarau mai watsewa ko launi, yana ba da mafi girman yuwuwar fitar da haske daga guntu, yana haɓaka ƙarfin haske. Haɗin daidaitaccen fakiti na EIA, fakiti na tef-da-reel, da dacewar reflow na IR sun sa wannan na'urar ta dace sosai don masana'antar lantarki ta zamani, ta atomatik, tana ba da fa'idodi a cikin farashi da saurin haɗawa fiye da LED na rami.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V?

A: A'a. Dole ne koyaushe ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor da ake buƙata ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply - Vf_LED) / I_desired. Misali, tare da wadataccen 5V, Vf na 2.2V, da halin yanzu da ake so na 20mA, R = (5 - 2.2) / 0.02 = 140 Ohms.

Q: Me yasa akwai tsarin binning don Vf, Iv, da Wd?

A: Masana'antar semiconductor tana da bambance-bambance na halitta. Binning yana rarraba sassa zuwa ƙungiyoyin aiki, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin daidaito da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da halin da za a iya hasasawa a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.

Q: Me zai faru idan na wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici?

A: Wuce waɗannan iyakoki, ko da na ɗan lokaci, na iya haifar da lalacewa nan take ko na ɓoye, rage tsawon rayuwa ko haifar da gazawa mai tsanani. Koyaushe ka yi ƙira tare da gefen aminci.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yi la'akari da ƙirar allon sarrafawa don kayan aikin masana'antu tare da alamomin matsayi na rawaya da yawa. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi LED daga kwandon ƙarfi na W1 (1120-1400 mcd) da kwandon tsayin K (589.0-591.5 nm) don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da launi. An sanya LED akan PCB tare da shimfidar kushin da aka ba da shawarar. Filin GPIO na microcontroller, wanda aka saita azaman fitarwa mai buɗe-rami, yana tuka kowane LED ta hanyar resistor na jere na ohm 150 wanda aka haɗa zuwa layin dogo na 3.3V. Wannan saitin yana ba da kusan 18mA na halin yanzu ((3.3V - 2.2V)/150Ω ≈ 7.3mA, ana buƙatar sake lissafin don ainihin Vf), yana tabbatar da aiki mai aminci a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. An haɗa panel ɗin ta amfani da tsarin reflow na IR tare da bayanin da ya bi jagororin takardar bayanan.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor p-n junction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce ƙofar diode, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki (a wannan yanayin, an yi shi da AlInGaP). Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. AlInGaP yana da bandgap da ya dace da haske a cikin yankuna na bakan ja, orange, amber, da rawaya.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗaya yanayin a cikin fasahar SMD LED yana zuwa ga ingantaccen haske mafi girma (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt na shigarwar lantarki), ingantaccen bayyana launi da jikewa, da ƙara yawan wutar lantarki a cikin ƙananan fakiti. Akwai kuma ci gaba mai ci gaba don ingantaccen aminci da tsawon rayuwar aiki. Bugu da ƙari, haɗawa da na'urorin sarrafa lantarki, kamar na'urori masu daidaita halin yanzu ko masu tuƙi na faɗin bugun jini (PWM), suna zama gama gari a cikin ingantattun fakiti na LED, kodayake na'urar da aka kwatanta a nan abu ne na asali, mai hankali.