SMD LED Mai Haske Kori AlInGaP Mai Duba 120-Digiri - Girman Kunshin - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.8-2.4V @20mA - Ƙarfin Haske 56-180mcd - Takardar Bayanan Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai don ƙaramin na'urar haske mai haɗawa ta fuska (SMD LED). Na'urar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don samar da haske mai launin kori. An tsara ta cikin daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin EIA, wanda ya sa ta dace da kayan aikin tarawa ta atomatik da kuma tsarin haɗa gabaɗaya na infrared (IR). Ana ba da LED akan kaset ɗin daidaitaccen masana'antu na milimita 12 wanda aka ɗora akan reels masu diamita inci 7, wanda ke sauƙaƙe samarwa mai yawa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙaramin girmansa, dacewa da tarawa ta atomatik, da bin tsarin haɗa gabaɗaya mara gubar (Pb-free). An ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari inda aikin dogaro da ingantaccen tarawa suke da muhimmanci. Kasuwannin da ake nufi sun ƙunshi nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci da na masana'antu, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, wayoyin mara igiya da wayoyin hannu), na'urorin kwamfuta masu ɗaukuwa (misali, kwamfutocin tebur), kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa, na'urorin gida, da alamun cikin gida ko hasken baya na nuni. Babban aikinsa shine a matsayin mai nuna matsayi, mai haske na sigina, ko don hasken gaban panel.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Duk halayen lantarki da na gani ana ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Fahimtar waɗannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai kyau da kuma tabbatar da dogon lokacin dogaro.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin kuma ya kamata a guje su a cikin ƙira.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):72 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Ci Gaba na Gaba na Gaba (IF):30 mA DC. Matsakaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu na yanayin aiki don aiki mai dogaro.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Gaba:80 mA, ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Juya Baya (VR):5 V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wuce gona da iri wannan ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da rushewa.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli don aikin al'ada.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin aminci lokacin da ba a kunna na'urar ba.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani a Ta=25°C (IF=20mA)

Waɗannan su ne sigogin aiki na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Haske (Φv):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 0.17 lm zuwa matsakaicin 0.54 lm. Jimillar fitowar haske mai gani.
• Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):Yayi daidai da ƙarfin haske, ya bambanta daga 56 mcd (millicandela) zuwa 180 mcd. Wannan ma'auni ne na hasken da ake gani a wani takamaiman shugabanci.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 120 (na yau da kullun). An ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na ƙarfin a tsakiya (0°). Wannan yana nuna tsarin haske mai faɗi, mai watsewa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λp):574 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsawon zango inda fitowar bakan ta fi ƙarfi.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λd):An ƙayyade daga 564.5 nm zuwa 576.5 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launi (Kori).
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm (na yau da kullun). Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin ƙarfin kololuwa, yana nuna tsaftar launi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):Ya bambanta daga 1.8 V (ƙarami) zuwa 2.4 V (matsakaici) a 20mA. Faɗin ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudana.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Juya Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 μA a VR=5V. Ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na yoyo lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunin aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatu don haske, ƙarfin lantarki, da launi.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske/Ƙarfin Haske

Ana rarraba fitowar haske zuwa rukunoni biyar (A2, B1, B2, C1, C2). Misali, rukunin C2 yana ba da mafi girman fitarwa tare da ƙarfin haske tsakanin 0.42 lm da 0.54 lm, wanda yayi daidai da ƙarfin 140-180 mcd. Rukunin A2 shine mafi ƙarancin matakin fitarwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su tuntubi takardar bayanai don takamaiman rarrabawar lambar sashen da aka oda don hasashen fitowar haske daidai.

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba

An rarraba ƙarfin wutar gaba zuwa rukunoni uku (D2, D3, D4) tare da jurewar ±0.1V a cikin kowane rukuni.

• Rukunin D2: VF = 1.8V - 2.0V
• Rukunin D3: VF = 2.0V - 2.2V
• Rukunin D4: VF = 2.2V - 2.4V

Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakancewa, musamman a aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi inda daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki ke shafar ƙarfin halin yanzu don haka haske.

3.3 Rarrabawar Launi (Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango)

Ana sarrafa launin launi ta hanyar rarraba matsakaicin tsawon zango zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu (B, C, D, E), kowannensu yana da jurewar ±1 nm.

• Rukunin B: λd = 564.5 nm - 567.5 nm
• Rukunin C: λd = 567.5 nm - 570.5 nm
• Rukunin D: λd = 570.5 nm - 573.5 nm
• Rukunin E: λd = 573.5 nm - 576.5 nm

Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin LED da yawa da ake amfani da su a cikin jeri ko nuni.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanan hoto suna ba da zurfin fahimta game da halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V ba ta da layi, halayyar diode. Ƙarfin wutar gaba yana ƙaruwa da logarithmic tare da ƙarfin halin yanzu. A matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki na 20mA, VF yana faɗowa cikin kewayon rarrabawar da aka ƙayyade. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi tana ba da isasshen ƙarfin lantarki, musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi inda VF ke ƙaruwa.

4.2 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa fitowar haske tana kusan daidai da ƙarfin gaba a cikin daidaitaccen kewayon aiki. Duk da haka, ba a ba da shawarar tuƙi LED sama da matsakaicin ƙarfin DC (30mA) ba, saboda zai iya haifar da lalacewa mai sauri, rage rayuwa, da yuwuwar gazawa saboda yawan zafi.

4.3 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Muhalli

Ƙarfin haske na LED na AlInGaP yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafin muhalli ya tashi. Wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma. Masu ƙira na iya buƙatar rage ƙimar hasken da ake tsammani ko aiwatar da sarrafa zafi idan ana buƙatar daidaitaccen haske a cikin kewayon zafi mai faɗi.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Jadwalin bakan yana nuna ƙaramin kololuwa a kusa da 574 nm (Kori) tare da matsakaicin rabin faɗi na 15 nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da tsaftar launi da takamaiman yankin tsawon zango na hasken da aka fitar.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshin Na'ura

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin SMD. An ba da duk mahimman girmomi a cikin milimita tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.2 mm. Zanen ya haɗa da tsawon jiki, faɗi, tsayi, da wuri da girman filayen haɗawa/maƙallan. An ƙayyade ruwan tabarau a matsayin \"Ruwa Bayyananne.\"

5.2 Tsarin Filin Haɗa PCB da Aka Ba da Shawara

An ba da zanen tsarin ƙasa don ƙirar allon da'ira (PCB). Wannan yana nuna girman filin tagulla da tazara da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da samuwar haɗin gwiwa mai kyau yayin sake kwarara, ingantaccen mannewa na injiniya, da ingantaccen watsa zafi daga maƙallan LED.

5.3 Gano Polarity

Ya kamata takardar bayanai ta nuna gano cathode/anode akan kunshin na'urar, yawanci ta hanyar alama, tsaga, ko girman fili daban. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin tarawa don hana lalacewa.

6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Tarawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Sake Haɗa IR

An ba da cikakken bayanin yanayin zafin sake kwarara, wanda ya dace da J-STD-020B don hanyoyin haɗawa marasa gubar (Pb-free). Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da:

• Dumi-dumi/jiƙa:Hawa zuwa 150-200°C.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (TAL):Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar kiyayewa.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Kada ya wuce 260°C.
• Lokaci a cikin 5°C na Kololuwa:Ya kamata a iyakance (misali, daƙiƙa 10 matsakaici).

Bayanin yana jaddada sarrafa hawa da sanyaya don rage girgizar zafi ga kayan.

6.2 Haɗa Hannu (Ƙarfe na Haɗawa)

Idan ana buƙatar gyara da hannu, zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin haɗawa kowane jagora ya kamata a iyakance zuwa matsakaicin daƙiƙa 3. Ya kamata a yi haɗawa sau ɗaya kawai a kowane fili don hana lalata kunshin ko haɗa gidan ciki.

6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai waɗanda ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko kunshin.

6.4 Ajiya da Hankan Danshi

LED suna da hankali ga danshi. Lokacin da aka rufe su a cikin ainihin jakar kariya daga danshi tare da busassun abu, ya kamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH kuma a yi amfani da su cikin shekara guda. Da zarar an buɗe jakar, \"rayuwar bene\" ta fara. Ya kamata a adana abubuwan a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH kuma ana ba da shawarar sake kwarara IR cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Don ajiya fiye da wannan lokacin, ya kamata a adana su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Abubuwan da suka wuce rayuwar bene suna buƙatar tsarin gasa (kusan 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48) kafin haɗawa don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana \"popcorning\" yayin sake kwarara.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da na'urar akan kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto tare da murfin kariya. An ba da cikakkun girmomi don aljihun kaset, tazara, da reel, wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481. Daidaitaccen reel yana da diamita inci 7 kuma yana ƙunshe da guda 3000. Ana samun mafi ƙarancin adadin shiryawa na guda 500 don sauran umarni. Kaset ɗin yana tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin tarawa ta atomatik mai sauri.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

LED yana buƙatar abu mai iyakancewa a jere, kamar resistor. Ƙimar resistor (R) za a iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF shine ƙarfin wutar gaba na LED a ƙarfin halin yanzu IF da ake so. Yin amfani da matsakaicin VF daga rukunin yana tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin halin yanzu bai wuce iyaka ba ko da tare da jurewar abubuwan. Don daidaito ko canjin haske, ana ba da shawarar direbobi masu ƙarfin halin yanzu.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa (72mW matsakaici), ingantaccen ƙirar zafi akan PCB yana da mahimmanci har yanzu don tsawon rai, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko lokacin da ake tuƙi da manyan igiyoyin ruwa. Tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla da aka haɗa zuwa filayen zafi na LED yana taimakawa wajen watsa zafi da kuma kiyaye ingantaccen fitowar haske.

8.3 Ƙira don Samarwa (DFM)

Ku bi tsarin filin PCB da aka ba da shawarar da ƙayyadadden bayanin sake kwarara. Tabbatar da bututun na'urar ɗauka da sanya ya dace da girman kunshin. Tabbatar da saitin mai ciyar da kaset ya dace da ƙayyadaddun kaset da reel.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar fasaha kamar LED na Gallium Phosphide (GaP), LED na AlInGaP suna ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, wanda ke haifar da fitarwa mai haske a ƙarfin halin yanzu ɗaya. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 yana ba da tsarin haske mai faɗi, mafi watsewa idan aka kwatanta da LED masu kusurwar dubawa kunkuntar, yana mai da shi cikakke don alamomin matsayi waɗanda ke buƙatar ganuwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Daidaitaccen kunshin EIA yana tabbatar da dacewar shiga cikin babban yanayin kayan aikin tarawa da ƙirar PCB da ke akwai.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

10.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin haske da ƙarfin haske?

Ƙarfin haske (wanda aka auna a cikin lumens, lm) shine jimillar hasken da tushen ya fitar a kowane shugabanci. Ƙarfin haske (wanda aka auna a cikin candela ko millicandela, mcd) shine adadin hasken da aka fitar a wani takamaiman shugabanci. Takardar bayanan wannan LED tana ba da duka biyun, tare da ƙarfin da aka auna tare da axis na tsakiya (0°).

10.2 Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED ba tare da resistor mai iyakancewa ba?

A'a. LED na'ura ce da ake tuƙa ta hanyar halin yanzu. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da ƙarfin halin yanzu mai yawa, wanda zai lalata shi da sauri. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jere ko direba mai ƙarfin halin yanzu.

10.3 Me yasa fitowar haske ke raguwa a yanayin zafi mai girma?

Wannan wata halayya ce ta asali na kayan semiconductor. Ƙaruwar zafin jiki yana shafar ingantaccen ingancin quantum na ciki na haɗin gwiwar haske, yana rage adadin photons da aka samar a kowane electron. Lanƙwasa ayyuka a cikin takardar bayanai suna ƙididdige wannan tasirin.

10.4 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rukunin lokacin oda?

Cikakkiyar lambar sashe na iya haɗawa da kari da ke nuna takamaiman rukunoni don ƙarfin haske (misali, C2), ƙarfin wutar gaba (misali, D3), da matsakaicin tsawon zango (misali, E). Tuntubi jagorar oda na masana'anta. Idan ba a kira wani takamaiman rukuni ba, za ku karɓi sassa daga rarraba samarwa na yau da kullun a cikin ƙayyadaddun rukunoni.

11. Misalan Ƙira da Amfani na Aiki

11.1 Mai Nuna Matsayi na Ƙaramin Wutar Lantarki

A cikin kumburin firikwensin IoT mai amfani da baturi, ana iya amfani da LED azaman mai nuna \"bugun zuciya\" mai ƙaramin wutar lantarki. Ta amfani da filin GPIO na microcontroller, ana iya buga LED a ƙaramin aikin aiki (misali, 10ms a kunne, 990ms a kashe) don nuna aikin na'urar yayin da yake cinye matsakaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu, don haka yana tsawaita rayuwar baturi.

11.2 Hasken Baya na Gaban Panel don Maɓalli

Jerin waɗannan LED, waɗanda aka sanya a bayan mai watsewa, na iya samar da daidaitaccen hasken baya don maɓallan membrane ko almara akan allunan sarrafawa. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 yana taimakawa wajen samun daidaitaccen haske a saman panel. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da tazara da tuƙi na halin yanzu daidai don cimma matakin haske da ake so.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan fasahar semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba a kan haɗin p-n, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yankin aiki. Sun sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman rabo na Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphide a cikin lattice crystal yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, Kori (~574 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy \"Ruwa Bayyananne\" yana ɗauke da gidan semiconductor, yana ba da kariya daga muhalli, kuma yana siffanta tsarin fitowar haske.

13. Trends da Ci Gaban Masana'antu

Gabaɗayan yanayin SMD LED yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci mai haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace watt na shigar da lantarki), ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ƙaramin rarrabawa, da ingantaccen dogaro a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsauri. Har ila yau akwai ci gaba a cikin ƙananan ƙira (ƙananan girman kunshin) da haɗawa (misali, LED tare da ingantaccen IC don sarrafawa). Don aikace-aikacen nuni, abin da ke ci gaba da mayar da hankali shine inganci mai tsada, dogaro, da dacewa tare da ci-gaban hanyoyin tarawa kamar sake kwarara mai gefe biyu. Fasahar da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takardar bayanai tana wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita da aka karɓa sosai don buƙatun mai nuna alama na yau da kullun.