SMD LED Mai Haske Raɗaɗɗen Kore-Kore Mai Kallon Kusa 120-Digiri - Girman Kunshin - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.0V Na Yau da Kullun - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 72mW - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da ƙayyadaddun na'urar haske mai haɗawa da allon (SMD) LED wanda ke amfani da ruwan tabarau mai watsewa da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da hasken kore-kore. An ƙera na'urar don tsarin haɗawa na atomatik na allon da'ira (PCB), wanda ya sa ta dace da samarwa mai yawa. Ƙaramin siffarta da dacewarta da kayan aikin sanya SMD na yau da kullun sun dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin sassa daban-daban na lantarki.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

• Yin Biyayya:Samfurin ya yi biyayya ga ƙa'idodin muhalli masu dacewa (misali, RoHS).
• Kunshin:Ana bayar da shi a cikin kaset 8mm na ma'auni na masana'antu akan reels masu diamita 7-inch, wanda ke sauƙaƙe ayyukan ɗauka da sanyawa na atomatik.
• Dacewar Tsari:Cikakken dacewa da kayan aikin sanyawa na atomatik da tsarin siyarwar IR reflow da ake amfani da su a cikin layukan haɗawa na fasahar sanya saman (SMT).
• Mahaɗin Lantarki:Ya dace da I.C. (Integrated Circuit), yana ba da damar gudanarwa kai tsaye daga fitattun matakan dabaru tare da iyakance halin yanzu da ya dace.
• Amincewa:1.2 Kasuwanni da Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan LED don ɗimbin kayan aikin lantarki inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen nuni ko haske mai ƙarami. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:

Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:

• Alamomin yanayi akan masu hanyoyin sadarwa, modem, da wayoyin hannu.Sarrafa Ofis:
• Alamomin panel akan firinta, kwafi, da na'urorin bincike.Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani & Kayan Aikin Gida:
• Alamomin wutar lantarki, yanayi, ko aiki.Kayan Aikin Masana'antu:
• Alamar yanayin inji, kuskure, ko yanayin aiki.Nuni na Gabaɗaya:
• Hasken baya na panel na gaba don alamomi, gumaka, ko fitilun yanayi na gabaɗaya.2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Sashe na gaba yana ba da cikakken fassarar ma'auni na lantarki, haske, da zafi waɗanda ke bayyana iyakar aikin na'urar.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Cikakke

Waɗannan matakan suna bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin don ingantaccen aiki.

Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):

• 72 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar da kunshin LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi a yanayin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Wuce wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin zafi mai yawa a mahadar semiconductor, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawa.Halin Yanzu na Gaba na DC (IF):
• 30 mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba wanda za'a iya amfani da shi akan LED a ci gaba.Halin Yanzu na Gaba Mai Kololuwa:
• 80 mA (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). Wannan matakin yana da alaƙa da gajerun bugun jini masu ƙarfin halin yanzu amma bai kamata a yi amfani da shi don aiki na ci gaba ba.Kewayon Yanayin Aiki:
• -40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin yanayi wanda aka ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki daidai.Kewayon Yanayin Ajiya:
• -40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafi don ajiya lafiya lokacin da ba a kunna na'urar ba.2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA) kuma suna wakiltar aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.

Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):

• Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 56.0 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 180.0 mcd, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun da ake nufi a cikin wannan kewayon rarrabawa. Ana auna ƙarfi ta amfani da na'urar firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da lankwasa amsawar ido na ɗan adam (ma'aunin CIE).Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):
• Digiri 120 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar da aka auna akan-axis. Kusurwar digiri 120 tana nuna faɗaɗɗen tsarin fitar da haske mai watsewa wanda ya dace da hasken yanki mai faɗi ko kallo daga faɗaɗɗun kusurwoyi.Tsawon Zango Mai Fitowa Mai Kololuwa (λP):
• Kimanin 575 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango a mafi girman matsayi na bakan fitar da haske.Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λd):
• Kimanin 571 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke bayyana launin LED, wanda aka samo daga madaidaitan launi na CIE. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙayyadaddun launi.Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):
• Kimanin 15 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan; ƙimar 15nm siffa ce ta LED na kore-kore na tushen AlInGaP.Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):
• 2.0V (na yau da kullun), tare da matsakaicin 2.4V a 20mA. Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin wuta a kan LED lokacin aiki a ƙayyadadden halin yanzu. Yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):
• Matsakaicin 10 μA a Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (VR) na 5V. Wannan ma'auni ne don dalilai na gwaji kawai; ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin nuna bambanci na baya ba.3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunin aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman ƙa'idodin ƙima don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Vf)

Ana rarraba LED dangane da raguwar ƙarfin wutar gaba a 20mA. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen ƙira hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya.

Bin D2:

• Vf = 1.8V zuwa 2.0VBin D3:
• Vf = 2.0V zuwa 2.2VBin D4:
• Vf = 2.2V zuwa 2.4VHaƙuri a cikin kowane bin shine ±0.1V.

3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)

Wannan shine rarrabawa na farko don haske. Ana rarraba sassa zuwa ƙungiyoyi tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarfin haske mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma.

Bin P2:

• 56.0 – 71.0 mcdBin Q1:
• 71.0 – 90.0 mcdBin Q2:
• 90.0 – 112.0 mcdBin R1:
• 112.0 – 140.0 mcdBin R2:
• 140.0 – 180.0 mcdHaƙuri akan kowane bin ƙarfi shine ±11%.

3.3 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Wd)

Wannan rarrabawa yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Ana rarraba LED ta hanyar tsawon zango mai rinjaye, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da launin da ake gani.

Bin B:

• λd = 564.5 – 567.5 nmBin C:
• λd = 567.5 – 570.5 nmBin D:
• λd = 570.5 – 573.5 nmBin E:
• λd = 573.5 – 576.5 nmHaƙuri don kowane bin tsawon zango shine ±1 nm.

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman jadawali a cikin takardar bayanai, tasirinsu yana da mahimmanci don ƙira.

4.1 Halayen Halin Yanzu da Ƙarfin Wuta (I-V)

Lankwasa I-V don LED yana da ma'auni. Ƙarfin wutar gaba na yau da kullun (2.0V) an ƙayyade shi a 20mA. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai ci gaba don tabbatar da wurin aiki ya kasance mai tsayi, saboda ƙaramin canji a cikin ƙarfin wuta zai iya haifar da babban canji a cikin halin yanzu, wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin matakan.

4.2 Ƙarfin Haske da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Ƙarfin haske yana da kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin kewayon aiki. Yin aiki sama da halin yanzu na DC da aka ba da shawarar (20mA) na iya ƙara haske amma kuma zai ƙara zafin mahadar, wanda zai iya rage tsawon rayuwa da haifar da canjin launi.

4.3 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Aikin LED yana da hankali ga zafin jiki. Yawanci, ƙarfin wutar gaba yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafi, yayin da ƙarfin haske kuma yana raguwa. Yin aiki a iyakar sama na kewayon zafi (85°C) zai haifar da ƙarancin fitar da haske idan aka kwatanta da aiki a 25°C.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Na'ura da Halin Ƙarfi

Kunshin LED yana da takamaiman girma na jiki mai mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB. Takardar bayanai ta haɗa da cikakken zane na girma. Ana nuna halin ƙarfi ta alamar cathode (yawanci tsaga, kore dot, ko wata alama akan kunshin). Daidaitaccen alkibla yana da mahimmanci don aikin da'ira.

5.2 Ƙirar Ƙafar PCB da Ake Shawarta

An ba da tsarin ƙasa (sawu) don PCB. Yin biyayya da wannan shimfidar ƙafar da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don samun ingantattun haɗin gwiwa yayin siyarwar reflow, tabbatar da haɗin injiniya daidai da watsawar zafi.

5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da na'urar a cikin kaset ɗaukar kaya mai ɗagawa tare da murfin kariya, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Manyan ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun haɗa da:

Tazarar Aljihu:

• An ƙayyade shi a cikin girma na kaset.Abubuwan da ke cikin Reel:
• Guda 2000.Abubuwan da suka ɓace:
• Ana ba da izinin matsakaicin aljihu biyu a jere bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Kunshin ya yi daidai da ma'auni na ANSI/EIA-481 don kunshin abubuwan.
• 6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Siyarwar IR Reflow (Ba tare da Gubar ba)

An ba da shawarar yanayin zafi wanda ya yi daidai da J-STD-020B don hanyoyin siyarwa marasa gubar. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da:

Shirye-shiryen Zafi:

• Hanyar haɓaka sannu a hankali don kunna flux da rage girgizar zafi.Yankin Jiƙa:
• Wani fili don ba da damar dukan taron ya kai daidaitaccen zafi.Reflow (Liquidus):
• Matsakaicin zafi bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 217°C (zafin jiki na yau da kullun na siyar da maras gubar) ya kamata a sarrafa shi (misali, matsakaicin dakika 10).Sanyaya:
• Ƙimar sanyaya mai sarrafawa.Lura:

Dole ne a siffanta ainihin bayanin don takamaiman haɗin PCB, la'akari da kauri na allon, yawan abubuwan, da man siyar da aka yi amfani da shi.6.2 Siyarwa da Hannu

Idan siyarwa da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai:

Zafin Ƙarfe:

• Matsakaicin 300°C.Lokacin Siyarwa:
• Matsakaicin dakika 3 a kowane ƙafar.Iyaka:
• Ya kamata a yi siyarwa sau ɗaya kawai don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga kunshin filastik da haɗin wayoyi na ciki.6.3 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyarwa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman kaushi don guje wa lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik da kunshin LED. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da LED a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya.

7. Hatsarori na Ajiya da Gudanarwa

7.1 Hatsarin Danshi

Kunshin LED yana da hankali ga danshi. Tsawaita bayyanawa ga danshi na yanayi na iya haifar da fashewar gasa yayin siyarwar reflow.

Kunshin da aka Rufe:

• Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan ranar kunshin.Kunshin da aka Buɗe:
• Don abubuwan da aka cire daga jakar shinge na danshi, yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar shine ≤30°C da ≤60% RH.Rayuwar Bene:
• Ana ba da shawarar kammala siyarwar IR reflow cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) bayan buɗe ainihin kunshin.Tsawaita Ajiya/Baking:
• Abubuwan da aka fallasa fiye da sa'o'i 168 ya kamata a gasa su a kusan 60°C na akalla sa'o'i 48 kafin siyarwa don cire danshin da aka sha.7.2 Hanyar Gudanarwa

LED na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin haɗa LED da yawa, ya kamata a yi amfani da tushen halin yanzu mai ci gaba. Haɗa LED kai tsaye a layi daya tare da tushen wutar lantarki guda ɗaya da resistor ba a ba da shawarar ba saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin wutar gaba (Vf) tsakanin na'urori ɗaya, wanda zai iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halin yanzu, saboda haka, haske. Haɗin layi tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da ya dace ko amfani da resistor ɗaya ga kowane LED a layi daya ya fi dacewa.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

8.1 Iyakance Halin Yanzu

Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin gwano ko direba mai ci gaba don saita halin yanzu na gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20mA). Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / I_desired. Yi amfani da matsakaicin Vf daga takardar bayanai (2.4V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya don tabbatar da halin yanzu bai wuce iyakoki ba ko da tare da LED mai ƙarancin Vf.

8.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Yayin da ragewar wutar lantarki yake da ƙasa (72mW), ingantaccen sarrafa zafi akan PCB zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye aiki da tsawon rayuwa, musamman a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko lokacin tuƙi a manyan halin yanzu. Tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin zafi daga ƙafafun LED zuwa tagulla na PCB zai iya taimakawa wajen watsa zafi.

8.3 Ƙirar Haske

Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 da ruwan tabarau mai watsewa suna ba da fitar da haske mai faɗi, mai laushi. Wannan ya sa LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen haske akan yanki ko inda ake buƙatar ganin alamar daga faɗaɗɗun kusurwoyi, ba tare da buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu kamar bututun haske a yawancin lokuta ba.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

9.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye?

Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa (λP) shine tsawon zango na jiki a mafi girman matsayi na ƙarfi a cikin bakan fitar da LED. Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λd) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige ta dangane da fahimtar launi na ɗan adam (madaidaitan CIE) wanda ke wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya na launin da ake gani. Don dalilai na ƙira, musamman game da daidaitawar launi, Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye da rarrabawarsa sun fi dacewa.

9.2 Shin Zan iya Gudanar da wannan LED a 30mA a ci gaba?

Yayin da Matsakaicin Matsayin Cikakke na Halin Yanzu na Gaba na DC shine 30mA, Halayen Lantarki da Haske an ƙayyade su a 20mA. Yin aiki a 30mA a ci gaba zai haifar da ƙarin zafi, wanda zai iya rage ingancin haske da tsawon rayuwa. Don ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci, yana da kyau a yi ƙira don halin yanzu a ko ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun na 20mA.

9.3 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rarrabawa lokacin yin oda?

Dole ne ka ƙayyade lambobin bin da ake so don Vf, Iv, da Wd dangane da buƙatun aikace-aikacenku don daidaiton ƙarfin wuta, matakin haske, da wurin launi. Misali, oda na iya ƙayyade bins D3 (Vf), R1 (Iv), da D (Wd) don samun sassa tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin wuta, babban haske, da takamaiman launin kore-kore.

10. Ka'idojin Aiki da Mahallin Fasaha

10.1 Fasahar Semiconductor na AlInGaP

Wannan LED yana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP). Wannan tsarin kayan yana da inganci sosai don samar da haske a cikin yankin amber, rawaya, da kore na bakan gani. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi, LED na AlInGaP suna ba da haske mafi girma, inganci mafi kyau, da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi.

10.2 Aikin Ruwan Tabarau Mai Watsewa

Ruwan tabarau mai watsewa (ba mai tsabta ba) yana ɗauke da barbashi masu watsawa waɗanda ke haɗa hasken da aka fitar daga ƙaramin guntun semiconductor. Wannan tsari yana faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo (zuwa digiri 120) kuma yana haifar da bayyanar da ya fi daidaito, mai laushi ta hanyar kawar da " wurin zafi" mai haske da ake gani a cikin LED tare da ruwan tabarau masu tsabta. Wannan yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ake kallon LED kai tsaye.

The diffused (non-clear) lens contains scattering particles that mix the light emitted from the small semiconductor chip. This process broadens the viewing angle (to 120 degrees) and creates a more uniform, softer appearance by eliminating the bright "hot spot" typically seen in LEDs with clear lenses. This is ideal for applications where the LED is viewed directly.