Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na LED 67-22ST - Nau'in PLCC-2 - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 34-38V - Halin Yanzu 25mA - LED Fari - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

67-22ST na'urar LED ce mai matsakaicin ƙarfi da ake hawa a saman (SMD) wacce ke cikin kayan PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). An tsara ta a matsayin mafita na LED fari wanda ke ba da daidaito tsakanin aiki, inganci, da ƙaramin siffa, wanda ya sa ta dace da ɗimbin aikace-aikacen haskakawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen fitar da haske mai dogaro da kuma daidaito.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Matsayi

Wannan kunshin LED yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda suka sanya shi zama kayan aiki mai amfani a kasuwar haskakawa. Yana ba da babban ƙarfin fitar da haske, yana tabbatar da haske mai haske da inganci. Na'urar tana da faɗin kusurwar kallo, yawanci digiri 120, wanda ke haɓaka rarraba haske daidai kuma ya dace sosai ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ɗaukar yanki mai faɗi. Bugu da ƙari, an gina ta ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar (Pb-free) kuma tana bin manyan ka'idojin muhalli da aminci ciki har da RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (tare da Bromine <900ppm, Chlorine <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm). Amfani da rarraba (binning) na ma'aunin ANSI don halayen launi yana tabbatar da daidaito da hasashen aikin launi a cikin batutuwan samarwa.

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

Haɗuwa da ingantaccen aiki, kyakkyawan ma'aunin nuna launi (CRI), ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da ƙaramin ƙafa sun sa wannan LED ta dace da aikace-aikace da yawa. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da haskakawa na gabaɗaya na cikin gida, haskakawa na ado da nishaɗi, alamomin matsayi, ayyukan haskakawa daban-daban, da hasken baya na maɓalli.

2. Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, fassarar haƙiƙa ta mahimman ma'auni na fasaha na LED kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin takardar bayanin a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (zafin wurin solder a 25°C).

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba a nufin aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F): 36 mA (Ci gaba)
• Kololuwar Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP): 72 mA (Pulsed, Duty Cycle 1/10, Faɗin bugun jini 10ms)
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 1368 mW
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +100°C
• Juriya na Zafi, Junction zuwa Wurin Solder (R_{th J-S}): 16 °C/W
• Matsakaicin Zazzabi na Junction (T_j): 115 °C

Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki ta electrostatic (ESD). Dole ne a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD da suka dace yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa don hana gazawa a ɓoye ko bala'i.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a lokacin aikin yau da kullun na halin yanzu na gaba na 25 mA.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Φ): An ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske a matsayin 120 lm, tare da jurewar al'ada na ±11%. Haƙiƙanin ƙimar ƙarfin haske ya dogara da takamaiman lambar rarrabuwa (misali, S3A, S3B, da sauransu).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): Ya kewayo daga mafi ƙanƙanta 34 V zuwa matsakaicin 38 V a 25mA. Jurewar al'ada shine ±0.1V, kuma an ayyana takamaiman rukunonin ƙarfin wutar lantarki (C4 zuwa C7) don ƙarin sarrafawa.
• Ma'aunin Nuna Launi (CRI/Ra): An tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin CRI na 80, tare da jurewar ±2. An ƙayyade ƙimar R9 (ja mai cika) a matsayin 0 mafi ƙanƙanta.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2): Kusurwar rabin ƙarfi ita ce yawanci digiri 120.

2.3 Halayen Zafi da Na Solder

Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED da kiyaye aiki.

• Juriya na zafi na 16 °C/W yana nuna hawan zafi daga junction zuwa wurin solder a kowace watt na wutar lantarki da aka watsar. Ana ba da shawarar ingantaccen shimfidar PCB da yuwuwar amfani da ramukan zafi don sarrafa zafi.
• Solder Reflow: LED na iya jure zafin kololuwa na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10.
• Solder da Hannu: Idan ya cancanta, za a iya amfani da ƙarshen guntun solder a 350°C na matsakaicin dakika 3.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Samfurin yana amfani da cikakken tsarin rarraba don rarraba bambance-bambancen aiki masu mahimmanci, yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LEDs tare da halaye masu daidaito don aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Flux Binning)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa rukunoni waɗanda aka nuna su da lambobi kamar S3A, S3B, S4A, da sauransu. Kowane rukunin yana ayyana mafi ƙarancin kewayon ƙarfin haske da aka auna a I_F=25mA. Misali, rukunin S3A ya ƙunshi 120 zuwa 125 lm, kuma S3B ya ƙunshi 125 zuwa 130 lm. Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓi bisa ga buƙatun haske.

3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)

Ana rarraba ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba don taimakawa wajen zanen da'ira, musamman don tuka LEDs da yawa a jere. Rukunoni suna kewayo daga C4 (34.0-35.0V) zuwa C7 (37.0-38.0V). Zaɓin LEDs daga rukunin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ɗaya ko kusa na iya taimakawa tabbatar da mafi daidaitaccen rarraba halin yanzu a cikin layukan layi daya ko hasashen buƙatun ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin layukan jere.

3.3 Rarraba Launi da Zazzabin Launi (Chromaticity and Color Temperature Binning)

Takardar bayanin tana ba da cikakkun akwatunan daidaitawar launi (CIE x, y) don Zazzabin Launi masu alaƙa (CCTs) daban-daban kamar 2700K da 3000K. An gabatar da tsare-tsaren rarraba da yawa:

• Ellipses na MacAdam na 3-STEP da 5-STEP: Waɗannan suna ayyana ƙarfin daidaiton launi. Rukunin "3-STEP" yana tabbatar da cewa duk LEDs za su faɗi cikin ellipse na MacAdam mai mataki 3, wanda ke wakiltar ƙananan bambancin launi wanda kawai za a iya gane shi ƙarƙashin kwatancen a hankali. "5-STEP" ya ɗan sako-sako amma har yanzu yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan daidaiton launi ga yawancin aikace-aikace.
• Cikakkun Rukunonin Launi na Lamba 7: Ga kowane CCT (misali, 2700K), ana ba da ƙarin rarrabuwa zuwa lambobi kamar 27-7A, 27-7B, da sauransu tare da takamaiman kusurwoyin daidaitawa da kewayon CCT na tunani (misali, 2580K~2718K). Wannan yana ba da damar daidaita launi daidai gwargwado a cikin aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci.

3.4 Ma'aunin Nuna Launi (Color Rendering Index - CRI)

Ana nuna CRI ta harafi a cikin lambar bangare (misali, 'K' don CRI 80 Min.). Teburin yana ayyana alamomi daga M (CRI 60 Min.) zuwa H (CRI 90 Min.), tare da misalan sassan duk suna amfani da 'K' don mafi ƙarancin CRI na 80.

4. Jagorar Lambar Samfur da Oda

4.1 Bayanin Lambar Bangare (Part Number)

Lambar bangare tana bin tsari mai tsari:67-22ST/KKE-NXX XX XX 380U2/SZM/2T

• 67-22ST/: Nau'in kunshin tushe.
• K: Lambar rarrabuwar CRI (K = 80 Min.).
• KE: Wataƙila lambar ciki.
• N: Ma'aunin CRI (N=65 Min., amma 'K' ya maye gurbinsa a wannan yanayin? Misalin yana amfani da KKE-N...). Misalin ya bayyana cewa 'K' yana ayyana CRI=80.
• XX na Farko: Zazzabin Launi a cikin ɗaruruwan Kelvin (misali, 27 don 2700K).
• XX na Biyu: Lambar Ƙarfin Hasken (misali, 12 don 120 lm min).
• XX na Uku: Wataƙila rarrabuwar ƙarfin haske ko launi.
• 380: Ma'aunin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (38.0V max).
• U2: Ma'aunin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F=25mA).
• /SZM/2T: Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin da tef.

Misali:67-22ST/KKE-N27120380U2/SZM/2T ya fassara zuwa: CRI 80 Min., CCT 2700K, Ƙarfin Hasken 120 lm min, V_F38.0V max, I_F 25mA.

4.2 Jerin Samfuran Samar da Yawa

Takardar bayanin ta lissafa takamaiman lambobin sassa da ake samu don samar da yawa, suna ɗaukar shahararrun CCTs a mafi ƙarancin CRI na 80:

• 2700K (120 lm min)
• 3000K (125 lm min)
• 4000K (130 lm min)
• 5000K (130 lm min)
• 6500K (130 lm min)

5. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan da Aka Yi la'akari da su a Zane

5.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Dangane da ƙayyadaddun sa, wannan LED ta dace sosai don:

• Haskakawar Cikin Gida na Gabaɗaya:Kewayon CCT na 2700K-6500K da kyakkyawan CRI sun sa ta dace da haskakawar yanayi a cikin gidaje, ofisoshi, da wuraren kasuwanci, musamman lokacin amfani da su a cikin jeri akan kayan aikin LED ko tsiri.
• Haskakawar Ado & Gine-gine:Faɗin kusurwar kallo da daidaitattun rukunonin launi sun dace da kofofi, shiryayye, alamomi, da haskakawar facade inda ake son yada haske daidai.
• Haskakawar Aiki:Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin fitilun aiki, hasken kabad, ko hasken ƙarƙashin kabad inda haskensa da ingancin launinsa suke da amfani.

5.2 Zanen Da'irar Mai Tuka (Driver Circuit)

Idan aka yi la'akari da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (34-38V a 25mA), mai tuka LED na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne mai tuka ya zama mai ƙima don isar da halin yanzu da ake buƙata yayin ɗaukar jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na layin LED(s). Don LED guda ɗaya, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na mai tuka dole ne ya wuce ~38V. Don LEDs da yawa a jere, jimillar V_Fyana ƙara (misali, LEDs 3 na iya buƙatar ~102-114V), wanda ke tasiri zaɓin mai tuka. Ƙarancin halin yanzu (25mA) yana ba da damar ƙirar masu tuka masu inganci da yuwuwar tuka layuka da yawa daga tushen da aka daidaita halin yanzu guda ɗaya tare da daidaitaccen ballasting.

5.3 Zanen Gudanar da Zafi (Thermal Management)

Tare da rushewar wutar lantarki har zuwa ~0.95W (38V * 0.025A) da juriya na zafi na 16°C/W, hawan zafin junction daga wurin solder na iya zama mai mahimmanci. Misali, idan wurin solder ya kai 60°C, junction na iya kasancewa a 60°C + (0.95W * 16°C/W) = ~75°C, wanda yana cikin iyakoki amma yana rage fitar da haske da tsawon rai. Saboda haka, zanen PCB tare da isasshen yanki na tagulla (wanda ke aiki azaman mai sanyaya zafi) da tabbatar da kyakkyawar iska a cikin kayan aikin ƙarshe suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye aiki da tsawon rai.

5.4 Abubuwan da Aka Yi la'akari da su a Zanen Gani (Optical Design)

Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 ta kasance mai faɗi a asalinta. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙara mayar da hankali kan katako, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu kamar ruwan tabarau ko masu nuni. Gishirin ruwa mai tsabta na kunshin ya dace da amfani da irin waɗannan na'urorin gani ba tare da asarar shayewa mai mahimmanci ba.

6. Lissafin Aiki da Binciken Launi (Chromaticity Analysis)

Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da zane-zanen launi na CIE 1931 tare da ƙayyadaddun kewayon rarrabuwa don 2700K da 3000K. Waɗannan zane-zane suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar bambancin wurin launi.

6.1 Fassara Zane-zanen Launi (Chromaticity Diagrams)

Matsakaicin jiki baƙar fata (layin lanƙwasa) yana wakiltar launin cikakken mai radiyo na ka'idar a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Rukunonin (akwatuna ko parallelogram) suna nuna yadda ake yarda da yaɗa ma'auni na launi (x,y) don takamaiman rukunin CCT. Zaɓin rukunin da ya fi tsauri (misali, 3-STEP) yana tabbatar da cewa duk LEDs za su bayyana kusan iri ɗaya a launi ga idon ɗan adam, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga samfuran haskakawa masu inganci inda rashin daidaiton launi ba za a yarda da shi ba. Kusurwoyin daidaitawa da aka bayar suna ba da damar ƙididdigar haɗa launi daidai gwargwado a cikin tsarin LED da yawa.

7. Kwatance da Dalilin Zaɓi

Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs na al'ada na rami, wannan kunshin SMD yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin haɗawa ta atomatik, hanyar zafi zuwa PCB, da ƙaramin zane. A cikin sashin ƙarfin matsakaici na SMD, mabambantansa masu mahimmanci sune babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (wanda ke nuna cewa yana iya ƙunsar die da yawa a jere a cikin kunshin) da samuwar zaɓuɓɓukan rarraba launi masu tsauri. Wannan yana sa ya yi gasa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi mai kyau a matakin wutar lantarki mai matsakaici, yana haɗa gibin tsakanin ƙananan ƙarfin LED na nuna alama da manyan ƙarfin LED na haskakawa.

8. Tambayoyin da Ake Yi Akai-akai (FAQ)

Q: Menene halin yanzu na aiki na al'ada na wannan LED?

A: Takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade halayen lantarki da na'urar gani a I_F=25mA, wanda shine halin yanzu na aiki na al'ada da aka ba da shawarar. Ana iya tuka shi har zuwa Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke na 36mA ci gaba, amma wannan zai ƙara zafi kuma yana iya rage tsawon rai da inganci.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara jurewar ƙarfin haske na ±11%?

A: Wannan yana nufin cewa ainihin ƙarfin haske na wani LED na iya bambanta da ±11% daga ƙimar rarrabuwar. Misali, LED daga rukunin 120 lm min zai iya auna tsakanin kusan 107 lm da 133 lm. Don daidaitaccen haske, yana da kyau a samo daga rukunin samarwa guda ɗaya.

Q: Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED kai tsaye tare da tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun?

A: A'a. LEDs na'urori ne masu tuka halin yanzu. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana da jurewa kuma yana bambanta da zafin jiki. Wadata mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun zai haifar da halin yanzu mara sarrafawa, wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin ma'auni kuma ya lalata LED. Koyaushe yi amfani da mai tuka na yau da kullun ko da'irar iyakance halin yanzu.

Q: Menene ma'anar "maras halogen" don aikace-aikacena?

A: Kayan marasa halogen suna rage fitar da hayaki mai guba da lalata (kamar dioxins) idan wuta ta tashi. Wannan yana ƙara mahimmanci ga na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, haskakawar cikin gida, da samfuran da ke da takamaiman takaddun shaida na muhalli ko aminci (misali, don amfani a cikin wuraren jama'a da aka rufe).

9. Ka'idojin Fasaha da Trends

9.1 Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED ya dogara ne akan fasahar semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntu na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride), suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na semiconductor da amfani da phosphors (don fararen LEDs) suna ƙayyade tsawon raƙuman ruwa da launin hasken da aka fitar. Kunshin PLCC-2 yana ba da kariya ta injina, haɗin lantarki, da ruwan tabarau na farko na gani yayin sauƙaƙe canja wurin zafi zuwa allon da'ira da aka buga.

9.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Sashin LED na matsakaicin ƙarfi yana ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen nuna launi (manyan ƙimar R9, cikakken bakan), da ƙarin dogaro. Hakanan akwai babban yanayi zuwa daidaitaccen ƙafa da bayanan photometric don sauƙaƙe zane da samu. Haɗa cikakkun bayanan launi da rarraba ƙarfin haske, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takardar bayanin, yana nuna buƙatun kasuwa don hasashen aiki da daidaiton launi a cikin samar da yawa, wanda ke da mahimmanci don maye gurbin tushen haske na al'ada tare da fasahar LED a cikin aikace-aikacen haskakawa na ƙwararru.