Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na SMD Middle Power Deep Red LED 67-21S - Kunshin PLCC-2 - 150mA - 405mW - Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun wani Na'urar Haɗawa ta Surface-Mount (SMD) Middle Power LED a cikin kunshin PLCC-2, wanda ke fitar da haske ja mai zurfi. An gina na'urar ta amfani da fasahar guntu na AlGaInP da aka kulle a cikin guduro mai tsabta kamar ruwa. An tsara shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantacciyar inganci, faɗin kusurwar kallo, da ƙaramin siffa a cikin kewayon amfani da wutar lantarki ta matsakaici. Bangaren ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ingantaccen haske, wanda ke fassara zuwa ingantaccen fitar da haske don wutar lantarki da aka cinye. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana tabbatar da rarraba haske iri ɗaya, yana mai da shi dacewa don aikace-aikacen da faɗin haske ke da mahimmanci. Ƙaramin kunshinsa na PLCC-2 yana ba da damar yin shimfidar PCB mai yawa. Waɗannan fasalulluka gaba ɗaya sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don hasken kayan ado da nishaɗi, hasken noma (misali, ƙarin girma na shuka), da dalilai na haske gabaɗaya inda ake son fitar da bakan ja mai zurfi.

2. Zurfin Binciken Siffofin Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ya kamata a ci gaba da aiki a cikin waɗannan iyakokin.

• Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F): 150 mA (Ci gaba).
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Gaba (I_FP): 300 mA (Pulsed, aikin haɗin kai 1/10, faɗin bugun jini 10ms).
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 405 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin asarar da aka yarda a mahadar.
• Zazzabi na Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Juriya na Thermal (R_{th J-S}): 50 °C/W (Mahadar zuwa wurin gyaɗa). Wannan siga yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafi.
• Zazzabin Mahadar (T_j): 115 °C (Matsakaici).
• Zazzabin Gyaɗa: Reflow: 260°C na daƙiƙa 10 matsakaici. Gyaɗa da hannu: 350°C na daƙiƙa 3 matsakaici. Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na'ura

An auna a zazzabin wurin gyaɗa (T_soldering) na 25°C. An ba da ƙimar al'ada don tunani; ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙima suna ayyana tabbataccen yaduwar aiki.

• Ƙarfin Radiometric (Φ_e): 80 mW (Ƙarami), 180 mW (Matsakaici) a I_F=150mA. Wannan shine jimillar ƙarfin haske, wanda aka auna a cikin milliwatts. Hakuri shine ±11%.
• Ƙarfin Gaba (V_F): 1.8V (Ƙarami), 2.7V (Matsakaici) a I_F=150mA. Ƙimar al'ada ta faɗi cikin wannan kewayon. Hakuri shine ±0.1V daga ƙimar kwandon.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): digiri 120 (Al'ada) a I_F=150mA. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi rabin ƙimar kololuwa.
• Ƙarfin Baya (I_R): 50 µA (Matsakaici) a ƙarfin baya (V_R) na 5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Kwandon

An rarraba LED zuwa kwandon don mahimman sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin ƙirar aikace-aikace. Takamaiman lambobin kwandon wani ɓangare ne na lambar oda na samfur.

3.1 Kwandon Ƙarfin Radiometric

An yi kwandon a I_F=150mA. Lambobin C1 zuwa C5 suna wakiltar ƙaruwar kewayon ƙarfin fitarwa.

• C1: 80 - 100 mW
• C2: 100 - 120 mW
• C3: 120 - 140 mW
• C4: 140 - 160 mW
• C5: 160 - 180 mW

3.2 Kwandon Ƙarfin Gaba

An yi kwandon a I_F=150mA. Lambobin 25 zuwa 33 suna wakiltar ƙaruwar kewayon ƙarfin gaba.

• 25: 1.8 - 1.9 V
• 26: 1.9 - 2.0 V
• ... har zuwa33: 2.6 - 2.7 V

3.3 Kwandon Peak Wavelength

An yi kwandon a I_F=150mA. Yana ayyana kololuwar bakan fitarwar ja mai zurfi.

• DA2: 650 - 660 nm
• DA3: 660 - 670 nm
• DA4: 670 - 680 nm

Matsakaicin aunin tsawon zango/kololuwa shine ±1nm.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki

4.1 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwan bakan da aka bayar yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen kololuwa a yankin ja mai zurfi (kimanin 650-680nm dangane da kwandon), halayyar semiconductors na AlGaInP. Akwai ƙaramin fitarwa a cikin wasu rukunin bakan, yana mai da shi dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske ja mai tsabta.

4.2 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Zazzabin Mahadar

Hoto na 1 yana nuna cewa ƙarfin gaba (V_F) yana da ƙimar zazzabi mara kyau. Yayin da zazzabin mahadar (T_j) ya karu daga 25°C zuwa 115°C, V_Fya ragu a layi daya da kusan 0.25V. Wannan wani mahimmin abu ne don ƙirar direban koyaushe na yanzu don tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi akan zazzabi.

4.3 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Radiometric vs. Ƙarfin Gaba

Hoto na 2 yana nuna alaƙa ta ƙasa-layi. Ƙarfin radiometric yana ƙaruwa tare da yanzu amma ya fara cika a manyan igiyoyin ruwa (sama da ~100mA) saboda ƙaruwar tasirin thermal da raguwar inganci. Yin aiki a matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar yanzu (150mA) bazai haifar da ƙarin fitarwa daidai gwargwado ba idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin ƙarfin yanzu.

4.4 Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Zazzabin Mahadar

Hoto na 3 yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi. Kamar yadda T_jya tashi, fitarwar na'ura ta ragu. Ƙarfin a 115°C shine kusan 70-80% na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fitar da haske.

4.5 Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (Lanƙwan IV)

Hoto na 4 yana gabatar da halayen diode IV na gargajiya a 25°C. Lanƙwan yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni a yankin ƙaramin yanzu da kuma mafi kyawun aiki na juriya a cikin yanzu na aiki na 150mA, inda za a iya ƙididdige juriya mai ƙarfi.

4.6 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Tuƙi vs. Zazzabin Gyaɗa

Hoto na 5 lanƙwan ne na rage daraja. Yana nuna cewa dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba da aiki idan zazzabi a wurin gyaɗa (T_S) ya wuce kusan 70°C. Misali, a T_S=90°C, matsakaicin I_Fan rage daraja zuwa kusan 110mA. Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don amincin a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi.

4.7 Tsarin Radiation

Hoto na 6 (Zanen Radiation) ya tabbatar da tsarin fitarwa na kusa-Lambertian tare da kusurwar kallo na 120°. Ƙarfin ya kusan zama iri ɗaya a cikin faɗin yanki na tsakiya, yana faɗowa zuwa 50% a ± digiri 60 daga axis na inji.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

5.1 Girman Kunshi

Kunshin PLCC-2 yana da ƙafar ƙafa ta daidaitacce. Manyan girma (a cikin mm, haƙuri ±0.1mm sai dai an lura) sun haɗa da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma tazarar kafet da girman. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alama akan kunshin ko kusurwar da aka yi wa chamfer. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da zanen girma daidai don ƙirar ƙirar ƙasa ta PCB.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Ana buƙatar daidaitaccen alkibla don aikin daidai. Zanen kunshin na takardar bayani yana nuna filayen anode da cathode a sarari. Haɗin polarity mara kyau yayin gyaɗa zai hana LED haskakawa kuma yana iya sanya shi ga karkatar da baya.

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Taro

6.1 Bayanin Reflow Soldering

Matsakaicin yanayin jurewa shine 260°C na daƙiƙa 10. Ana ba da shawarar daidaitaccen bayanin reflow mara gubar tare da matsakaicin zazzabi ƙasa da 260°C da lokacin da aka sarrafa sama da ruwa (TAL). Ya kamata a yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen taro na thermal akan PCB don tabbatar da cewa duk LED suna fuskantar irin wannan bayyanar da zafi.

6.2 Gyaɗa da Hannu

Idan gyaɗa da hannu ya zama dole, zazzabin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar tare da tashar LED ya kamata a iyakance zuwa daƙiƙa 3 ko ƙasa da kowane kafet. Yi amfani da dabarar ƙaramin taro na thermal.

6.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Ana tattara na'urori a cikin jakunkunan shinge masu hana danshi tare da busassun abu. Da zarar an buɗe jakar da aka rufe, abubuwan suna da hankali ga shan danshi (darajar MSL). Ya kamata a yi amfani da su a cikin ƙayyadadden rayuwar bene ko a gasa bisa ga ƙa'idodin IPC/JEDEC kafin reflow idan ya wuce. Ya kamata a adana dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi mai bushewa a zazzabi tsakanin -40°C da 100°C.

7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Reel da Teep

Ana ba da LED akan tef ɗin masu ɗaukar hoto da aka narkar da su akan reels. An ba da daidaitattun girma na reel da faɗin tef. Yawanci adadin kowane reel sun haɗa da 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, da 4000 guda, suna sauƙaƙe haɗin kai na atomatik.

7.2 Bayanin Alamar

Alamar reel ta ƙunshi mahimman bayanai: Lambar Samfur (P/N), wanda ke ɓoye zaɓin kwandon na musamman don Ƙarfin Radiometric (CAT), Tsawon Zango (HUE), da Ƙarfin Gaba (REF); Adadin Tattarawa (QTY); da Lambar Lot (LOT No) don gano asali.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Hasken Kayan Ado da Nishaɗi: Hasken ƙwaƙwalwar gine-gine, hasken dandali, da alamar da ake buƙatar launin ja mai zurfi.
• Hasken Noma: Ƙarin haske a cikin gandun daji, musamman don amsawar photomorphogenic a cikin tsire-tsire (misali, tasiri ga fure, tsawaita kara) waɗanda ke da hankali ga haske ja da nisa.
• Amfani Gabaɗaya: Fitilun nuni, hasken baya, da kowane aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen tushen haske ja mai aminci.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Gudanar da Thermal: Tare da R_{th J-S}na 50°C/W, PCB dole ne ya zama ingantaccen nutsewar zafi. Yi amfani da isasshen yanki na tagulla a ƙasa da kewaye da kafet ɗin zafi, kuma yi la'akari da hanyoyin zafi zuwa matakan ciki ko PCB na ƙarfe don aikace-aikacen manyan wutar lantarki ko yanayin zafi.
• Tuƙin Yanzu:** Koyaushe yi amfani da direban yanzu na yau da kullun, ba tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba. Ya kamata a tsara direban don ɗaukar kewayon V_Fkwandon da ƙimar zazzabi mara kyau. Yi la'akari da iyawar dusar ƙanƙara idan an buƙata.
• Ƙirar Na'ura: Faɗin kusurwar kallo na iya buƙatar na'urori na biyu (ruwan tabarau, masu nunawa) idan ana buƙatar siffar katako ko mayar da hankali. Guduro mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana ba da damar cire haske mai kyau.

9. Aminci da Gwaji

Takardar bayani ta zayyana cikakken tsarin gwajin amincin da aka gudanar tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da 10% Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD). Gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da:

• Juriya na Reflow Soldering
• Girgizar Thermal (-10°C zuwa +100°C)
• Kewayawar Zazzabi (-40°C zuwa +100°C)
• Babban Zazzabi/Danshi Ajiya (85°C/85% RH)
• Babban/Ƙananan Zazzabi Ajiya da Gwajin Rayuwar Aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na yanzu da zazzabi.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje suna tabbatar da ƙarfin LED a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na samarwa da aiki na al'ada, suna tabbatar da aiki na dogon lokaci.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

A matsayin Middle Power Deep Red LED a cikin kunshin PLCC-2, manyan bambance-bambancensa suna cikin daidaiton aiki da girman. Idan aka kwatanta da LED masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki, yana ba da ƙarancin haske mai yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan wutar lantarki LED, yawanci yana da ƙarancin juriya na thermal zuwa allon kuma ana iya tuƙi shi a ƙananan igiyoyin ruwa, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar direba. Amfani da fasahar AlGaInP yana ba da inganci mai girma a cikin bakan ja idan aka kwatanta da wasu fasahohi kamar ja da aka canza phosphor. Haɗin takamaiman na 150mA tuƙi yanzu, 405mW wutar lantarki dissipation, da kusurwar 120° a cikin wannan ƙaramin siffar yana nufin takamaiman rami a cikin kasuwar hasken.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Siffofin Fasaha)

11.1 Wane ƙarfin direba ya kamata in yi amfani da shi?

Don cikakken ƙayyadadden fitarwa, yi amfani da 150mA na yau da kullun. Koyaya, don ingantacciyar tsawon rai ko ƙananan nauyin zafi, tuƙi a ƙaramin yanzu (misali, 100-120mA) yana yiwuwa, tare da fitarwa da aka ambata zuwa Dangantakar Ƙarfin Radiometric vs. Lanƙwan Yanzu (Hoto na 2). Kada a taɓa wuce 150mA ci gaba.

11.2 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon a cikin lambar ɓangaren?

Lambar ɓangaren (misali, NDR3C-P5080C1C51827Z15/2T) tana ɓoye takamaiman kwandon. Dole ne ku yi kwatankwacin lambobin haruffa tare da teburin kwandon a sashe na 3.1, 3.2, da 3.3 don tantance tabbataccen ƙananan ƙima da matsakaicin ƙima don Ƙarfin Radiometric, Ƙarfin Gaba, da Peak Wavelength don wannan abu na musamman da za a iya oda.

11.3 Me yasa fitar da haske ke raguwa lokacin da LED ya yi zafi?

Wannan ya faru ne saboda halin da ake ciki na kayan semiconductor da aka sani da kashe zafi ko raguwar inganci, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3. Yayin da zazzabi ya tashi, sake haɗuwa mara radiation yana ƙaruwa, yana rage ingancin quantum na ciki. Ingantaccen nutsewar zafi yana rage hauhawar zazzabin mahadar, yana kiyaye ƙarin fitar da haske.

11.4 Zan iya haɗa LED da yawa a jere ko a layi daya?

Haɗin jeri gabaɗaya ana fifita shi lokacin amfani da direban yanzu na yau da kullun, kamar yadda irin wannan yanzu ke gudana ta duk LED. Koyaya, haƙurin ƙarfin gaba (kwandon) suna ƙaruwa, suna buƙatar direba tare da isasshen ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ba a ba da shawarar haɗin layi daya ba tare da na'urori masu iyakance yanzu ko tashoshi na musamman saboda V_Frashin daidaituwa, wanda zai iya haifar da cin yanzu da rashin daidaiton haske ko gazawa.

12. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar sandar hasken gandun daji don ƙarin haske ja a cikin greenhouse tare da yanayin yanayi har zuwa 40°C.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Zaɓi: Zaɓi wannan LED ja mai zurfi don bakan da aka yi niyya (misali, kwandon DA3: 660-670nm, mai dacewa don kunna phytochrome).
2. Binciken Thermal: Manufa matsakaicin zazzabin mahadar (T_j) na 85°C don tsawon rai mai kyau. An ba da T_ambient=40°C, R_{th J-S}=50°C/W, da P_d≈ V_F*I_F(misali, 2.2V * 0.15A = 0.33W). Hawan zafi daga wurin gyaɗa zuwa mahadar: ΔT = P_d* R_{th J-S}= 0.33W * 50°C/W = 16.5°C. Saboda haka, zazzabin wurin gyaɗa (T_S) dole ne a kiyaye shi ƙasa da T_j- ΔT = 85°C - 16.5°C = 68.5°C.
3. Ƙirar PCB: Yi ƙira da PCB tare da babban kafet na tagulla mai ci gaba da haɗe zuwa kafet ɗin zafi na LED. Yi amfani da hanyoyin zafi da yawa zuwa jiragen ƙasa na ciki ko takamaiman Layer na thermal don kiyaye T_Sƙasa da 68.5°C lokacin T_ambient=40°C. Dubi Hoto na 5 don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin tuƙi ya yarda da T_S.
4. Ƙirar Direba: Zaɓi direban yanzu na yau da kullun wanda zai iya isar da 150mA kowane kirtani. Don LED 10 a jere, dole ne ƙarfin wutar lantarki na direba ya rufe jimlar matsakaicin V_Fa cikin zaɓaɓɓen kwandon (misali, 10 * 2.3V = 23V) da kuma ɗan sarari.
5. Shimfidar Na'ura: Rarraba LED daidai akan sandar don cimma daidaiton ƙarfin haske da ake so a kan rufin shuka, la'akari da kusurwar kallo na 120°.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED diode ne na mahadar p-n semiconductor wanda ya dogara da kayan Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na diode, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa da radiation, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na gami na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade tsawon zango na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin bakan ja mai zurfi (650-680 nm). Guntun epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana kare guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da kuma siffar tsarin fitar da haske.

14. Trends na Fasaha

LED masu matsakaicin wutar lantarki irin wannan suna wakiltar wani muhimmin al'ada a cikin hasken ƙwaƙwalwa, suna haɗa tazara tsakanin ƙananan wutar lantarki LED masu nuni da manyan wutar lantarki LED masu haskakawa. Manyan abubuwan da ke tasiri wannan ɓangaren sun haɗa da:

• Ƙaruwar Ingantacciyar Aiki: Binciken kayan aiki da kunshi na ci gaba yana nufin isar da ƙarin ƙarfin radiometric (mW) kowace raka'a na shigar da wutar lantarki (mA), yana rage amfani da makamashi don irin wannan fitar da haske.
• Ingantaccen Gudanar da Thermal: Ci gaba a cikin ƙirar kunshi (misali, ingantattun kafet ɗin zafi) da kayan PCB (misali, rufaffiyar tushen ƙarfe, allunan thermal clad) suna ba da damar mafi kyawun watsi da zafi, yana ba da damar manyan igiyoyin tuƙi ko ingantaccen aminci a daidaitattun igiyoyin ruwa.
• Ƙunƙuntaccen Kololuwar Bakan & Sabbin Tsawon Zango: A cikin gandun daji, akwai buƙatar LED tare da takamaiman, ƙunƙuntaccen kololuwar fitarwa wanda ya dace da masu karɓar hasken shuka (misali, 660nm, 730nm). Ci gaba yana ci gaba don inganta inganci a waɗannan tsayin zango da aka yi niyya.
• Ƙananan da Haɗawa: Tuƙin don ƙananan, hasken haske mai yawa yana ci gaba, yana tura don kunshi tare da ƙaramin ƙafar ƙafa yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani da thermal.