Takardun Bayani na Fasaha na SMD PLCC-2 LED Ja G67-21S/R3C - 3.0x2.8x1.9mm - 1.8-2.9V - 150mA - 435mW - Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na na'urar haɗawa ta saman (SMD) LED mai matsakaicin ƙarfi ta amfani da fakitin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). An ƙera na'urar da guntu na semiconductor AlGaInP don fitar da hasken ja, an rufe shi da resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa. An siffanta shi da ƙaramin siffa, ingantaccen inganci wanda ya dace da ajin ƙarfinsa, da kuma faɗin kusurwar kallo, wanda ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai amfani ga aikace-aikacen haske daban-daban. Samfurin ya bi ƙa'idodin muhalli masu tsauri, ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), ya bin ka'idar EU REACH, kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin maras halogen, tare da adadin bromine da chlorine a ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun iyaka.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha 2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana ta a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin zafin solder na 25°C. Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na ci gaba (I_F) an ƙididdige shi a 150 mA, tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba (I_FP) na 300 mA wanda aka halatta a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle 1/10, faɗin bugun 10ms). Matsakaicin ɓarnawar ƙarfi (P_D) shine 435 mW. Thermal resistance daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder (R_th J-S) shine 50 °C/W, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga ƙirar sarrafa zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa da aka halatta (T_J) shine 115°C. Kewayon zafin aiki ya fara daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, tare da kewayon zafin ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Na'urar tana da ƙarfin jurewa na fitar da tashin hankali na lantarki (ESD) na 2000V (Tsarin Jikin Mutum), ko da yake ana buƙatar sarrafa shi tare da matakan kariya na ESD da suka dace. An ƙayyade ma'auni na solder don duka reflow (260°C na dakika 10) da hanyoyin solder na hannu (350°C na dakika 3).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske An auna a T_solder = 25°C da I_F = 150 mA, an ayyana ma'auni masu mahimmanci na aiki. Ƙarfin haske (Φ_v) yana da kewayon al'ada na 15.0 zuwa 24.0 lumens, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar kuskuren ±11%. Ƙarfin gaba (V_F) ya bambanta daga 1.8V zuwa 2.9V, tare da ƙaramin ƙimar kuskuren masana'antu na ±0.1V. Na'urar tana ba da faɗin kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2) na digiri 120. Matsakaicin ƙarfin baya (I_R) shine 50 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya (V_R) na 5V.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa An rarraba samfurin zuwa kwandon shara don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin ma'auni masu mahimmanci, yana ba da damar ƙira daidai da daidaita launi.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Radiyometrik (Ƙarfin Haske) An rarraba fitar da ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon shara da aka nuna da lambobi kamar L6, L7, L8, L9, M3, da M4. Kowane kwandon shara yana ayyana mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar haske a I_F=150mA, misali, kwandon shara L6 ya ƙunshi 15-16 lm, yayin da kwandon shara M4 ya ƙunshi 21-24 lm. Ƙimar kuskuren ±11% ta shafi kowane kwandon shara._F3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Gaba An rarraba ƙarfin gaba ta amfani da lambobi biyu daga 25 zuwa 35. Kowane lamba yana wakiltar mataki na 0.1V, misali, kwandon shara 25 ya ƙunshi 1.8-1.9V, kwandon shara 26 ya ƙunshi 1.9-2.0V, da sauransu har zuwa kwandon shara 35 wanda ya ƙunshi 2.8-2.9V. Ƙimar kuskuren masana'antu shine ±0.1V a kowane kwandon shara._FP3.3 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye An sarrafa wurin launi ta hanyar kwandon shara na tsawon zango mai rinjaye. Kwandon shara da ake samu sune O54 (615-620 nm), R51 (620-625 nm), da R52 (625-630 nm), suna ayyana takamaiman inuwar ja da aka fitar. Ƙimar aunawa don tsawon zango mai rinjaye/kololuwa shine ±1 nm._d4. Binciken Lanƙwasa na Aiki Takardun bayani tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban._{4.1 Rarraba Bakan Jadawali yana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi daidai da tsawon zango, na al'ada ga LED ja AlGaInP, tare da kololuwa a cikin kewayon 620-660 nm da ƙayyadaddun faɗin bakan.}4.2 Ƙarfin Gaba daidai da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa Hoto na 1 yana nuna canjin ƙarfin gaba daidai da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Lanƙwasa yawanci yana nuna ƙimar mara kyau, ma'ana V_F yana raguwa yayin da T_J ke ƙaruwa, wanda shine mahimmin abu don ƙirar direba mai ci gaba daidai._j4.3 Ƙarfin Radiyometrik na Dangi daidai da ƙarfin Gaba Hoto na 2 yana nuna alaƙar ƙasa-layin tsakanin fitarwa (ƙarfin radiometric na dangi) da ƙarfin gaba. Fitarwa yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin amma tare da raguwar dawowa a manyan ƙarfin saboda raguwar inganci da tasirin zafi.

4.4 Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi daidai da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa Hoto na 3 yana nuna yadda fitarwa ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ke tashi. Wannan ragewa na zafi yana da mahimmanci don hasashen aiki a aikace-aikacen duniya na gaske inda heatsinking zai iya iyakance.

4.5 Ƙarfin Gaba daidai da Ƙarfin Gaba & Ragewa na Zafi Hoto na 4 yana nuna lanƙwasa I-V na daidaitaccen. Hoto na 5 yana da mahimmanci ga dogaro, yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na tuƙi da aka halatta a matsayin aikin zafin solder, yana tabbatar da cewa ba a matsa na'urar yayin aiki bayan haɗawa._{4.6 Tsarin Radiation Hoto na 6 yana gabatar da zanen radiation na polar, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na 120° (inda ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa 50% na ƙimar axial) da tsarin fitarwa mai kama da Lambertian na al'ada na fakitin PLCC na sama.}5. Bayanan Injiniya & Fakitin 5.1 Girman Fakitin Fakitin PLCC-2 yana da girman ƙididdiga na 3.0 mm a tsayi, 2.8 mm a faɗi, da tsayi na 1.9 mm. Cikakken zanen girma ya ƙayyade wuraren pad, ƙimar kuskuren gabaɗaya (±0.1 mm sai dai idan an lura), da tsarin ruwan tabarau. Ƙirar sama yana nuna cewa an fitar da haske a kai tsaye zuwa jirgin saman da aka ɗora._F5.2 Gano Polarity Ana gano cathode ta hanyar alamar gani akan fakitin, kamar tsaga, ɗigo, ko yanke kusurwa akan ruwan tabarau ko jiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zanen girma. Daidaitaccen alkiblar polarity yana da mahimmanci yayin haɗawa._v6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa 6.1 Ma'auni na Solder na Reflow Shawarar reflow soldering profile ya kai kololuwa a 260°C na tsawon dakika 10. Wannan shine daidaitaccen buƙatun tsari maras gubar (SnAgCu). Solder na hannu, idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa 350°C na ƙasa da dakika 3 a kowane jagora, ta amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙasa._F6.2 Yanayin Ajiya An tattara abubuwan a cikin jakunkunan shinge masu hankali ga danshi tare da desiccant. Kafin a buɗe jakar, dole ne a adana LED a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da 90% danshi na dangi ko ƙasa da haka. Da zarar an buɗe, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci ko a gasa su bisa ga hanyoyin MSL (Matakin Hankali na Danshi) don hana popcorning yayin reflow._{6.3 Kariya don Amfani Kariya daga Wuce Gona da Irin Ƙarfi: LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na ƙarfin. Resistor mai iyakancewa na waje ko direba mai ci gaba daidai ya zama dole. Ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin gaba na iya haifar da babban ƙarfin, mai yuwuwar lalacewa saboda halayen I-V na diode mai ƙima. Kariya daga ESD: Na'urar tana da hankali ga fitar da tashin hankali na lantarki. Yi amfani da tashoshi na aiki masu aminci na ESD, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da marufi yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.}7. Bayanan Marufi da Oda 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel Ana ba da LEDs akan kaset ɗin ɗaukar hoto don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanya. An ƙayyade faɗin kaset, girman aljihu, da tsarin ramin sprocket. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 4000. An ba da girman reel (diamita, faɗi, girman cibiyar) don dacewa da kayan aikin atomatik._R7.2 Marufi Mai Tsayayya da Danshi Cikakken tsarin marufi ya haɗa da sanya abubuwan da aka yi reel a cikin jakar laminar aluminum mai hana danshi tare da desiccant da katin nuna alamar danshi. Daga nan sai a rufe jakar._R7.3 Bayanin Lakabi Lakabin reel sun haɗa da lambobi da yawa: P/N (Lambar Samfur), QTY (Adadin Marufi), CAT (Matsayi/bin na Ƙarfin Haske), HUE (Matsayi/bin na Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye), REF (Matsayi/bin na Ƙarfin Gaba), da LOT No (Lambar Lot da ake iya gano shi).

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada Haɗin matsakaicin ƙarfi, ingantaccen inganci, faɗin kusurwa, da ƙaramin girman ya sa wannan LED ya dace da: Hasken Kayan Ado da Nishaɗi: Hasken ƙira na gine-gine, alamar alama, tasirin hasken dandamali inda ake buƙatar launin ja. Hasken Noma: Ƙarin haske a cikin gandun daji, mai yuwuwar yin tasiri ga photomorphogenesis na shuka a cikin bakan ja. Hasken Gabaɗaya: Fitilun nuni, fitilun yanayi, hasken baya don bangarori ko maɓalli, da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintaccen nuni ja.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira Sarrafa Zafi: Tare da R_th J-S na 50 °C/W, ingantaccen ƙirar hanyar zafi akan PCB (ta amfani da ramukan zafi, zubar da tagulla) yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙananan zafin haɗin gwiwa, yana tabbatar da dogon lokaci na dogaro da kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa. Tuƙin Ƙarfin: Koyaushe yi amfani da tushen ƙarfi na dindindin ko tushen ƙarfin tare da resistor na jerin da aka ƙididdige shi dangane da matsakaicin V_F daga teburin rarrabuwa da ƙarfin aikin da aka yi niyya. Ƙirar Gani: Kusurwar kallo na 120° da tsarin Lambertian suna sauƙaƙa ƙirar na'urorin gani na biyu don siffantar katako idan an buƙata.

9. Dogaro & Tabbatar da Inganci An gudanar da cikakken jerin gwaje-gwajen dogaro tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da LTPD (Lot Tolerance Percent Defective) na 10%. Matrix ɗin gwajin ya haɗa da: • Jurewa Solder na Reflow • Shock na Zafi (-10°C zuwa +100°C) • Kewayon Zafi (-40°C zuwa +100°C) • Babban Zafi/Danshi Ajiya (85°C/85% RH) • Babban/Ƙananan Zafi Aiki da Gwaje-gwajen Rayuwar Ajiya a yanayi daban-daban da ƙarfin (misali, 90mA, 180mA). Kowane gwaji yana amfani da girman samfurin guda 22 tare da ma'aunin karɓa/ƙi na 0/1, yana nuna manyan ƙa'idodin dogaro.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha & Matsayi Wannan matsakaicin ƙarfi PLCC-2 LED ya mamaye takamaiman ƙwaƙwalwa. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan ƙarfin SMD LEDs (misali, 0603, 0805), yana ba da ƙarfin haske mai yawa sosai, yana sa ya dace da haske maimakon kawai nuni. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan ƙarfin LEDs, yana buƙatar ƙarancin sarrafa zafi da da'irar tuƙi yayin da har yanzu yana ba da fitarwa mai amfani ga aikace-aikace da yawa. Fasahar AlGaInP tana ba da inganci mai girma a cikin bakan ja/orange/amber idan aka kwatanta da fararen LEDs masu canzawa da phosphor na girman iri ɗaya. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na 120° shine babban abin banbancewa daga LEDs tare da ƙunƙuntaccen katako, mafi mayar da hankali._F11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha) Q: Wane ƙarfin direba ya kamata in yi amfani da shi? A: Matsakaicin ƙarfin ci gaba na cikakke shine 150 mA. Don mafi kyawun daidaito na inganci, rayuwa, da fitarwa, aiki tsakanin 60-120 mA na al'ada ne, amma koyaushe koma ga lanƙwasa ragewa (Hoto na 5) dangane da aikin zafi na allon ku. Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rarrabuwa a cikin odar na? A: Lambobin lakabin CAT, HUE, da REF suna daidai kai tsaye zuwa teburin kwandon shara na Ƙarfin Haske, Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye, da Ƙarfin Gaba a sashe na 3.1, 3.2, da 3.3. Wannan yana ba ku damar sanin daidaitaccen kewayon aikin LEDs da kuka karɓa. Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen dabaru na 3.3V ko 5V? A: A'a. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin. Ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_F daga kwandon shara na ƙarfin ku don tabbatar da isasshen faɗuwar ƙarfi a kan resistor a kowane lokaci. Q: Menene tasirin zafin haɗin gwiwa akan aiki? A: Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3, fitarwa yana raguwa yayin da T_J ke ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, manyan yanayin zafi suna haɗaɗɗe da raguwar lumen kuma na iya rage rayuwar na'urar. Kiyaye ƙananan T_J ta hanyar ingantaccen heatsinking yana da mahimmanci ga daidaitaccen, aiki na dogon lokaci.

12. Misalin Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira Yanayi: Ƙirar ƙaramin tsada, fitilar aminci ja mai ƙarfin baturi. Bukatu: Ana iya gani daga kowane kusurwa, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, sauƙaƙe da'irar tuƙi, ƙanƙanta. Zaɓuɓɓukan Ƙira: Zaɓin LED: An zaɓi wannan PLCC-2 LED ja don kusurwar kallonsa na 120° (kyakkyawan duk alkibla), matsakaicin ƙarfi (kyakkyawan haske daidai da rayuwar baturi), da fakitin SMD (ƙanana, sauƙin haɗawa). Da'irar Tuƙi: Sauƙaƙe da'ira ta amfani da baturin tsabar kuɗi na 3V, MOSFET don sauyawa, da resistor na jerin. An ƙididdige ƙimar resistor don I_F = 100 mA ta amfani da R = (3.0V - 2.5V_typ) / 0.1A = 5Ω. An zaɓi resistor na 5.1Ω, 1/4W. Ƙirar Zafi & PCB: Fitilar tana aiki a cikin gajerun bugun jini (duty cycle 10%), yana rage matsakaicin ƙarfi da kayan aikin zafi. PCB tana amfani da ƙirar Layer biyu mai sauƙi tare da pad ɗin LED da aka haɗa zuwa ƙaramin zubar da tagulla a Layer na ƙasa don ɗan heatsinking. Sakamako: Fitilar aiki, amintacciyar fitila wacce ta cika maƙasudin girma, farashi, da aiki, tana amfani da ƙayyadaddun halayen LED.

13. Ka'idar Aiki Wannan na'urar photonic ce ta semiconductor dangane da tsarin heterostructure na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki daga Layer na n-type da p-type, bi da bi. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa a cikin rijiyoyin quantum na yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, a cikin bakan ja (615-630 nm). Resin epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana kare guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya, da kuma siffantar katako na fitarwa.

14. Trends na Fasaha Matsakaicin ƙarfin SMD LEDs kamar wannan nau'in PLCC-2 suna ci gaba da haɓakawa. Trends na masana'antu gabaɗaya sun haɗa da: Ƙaruwar Inganci: Ci gaba da inganta ingancin quantum na ciki, cire haske, da ƙirar fakitin yana haifar da mafi girma lumens kowace watt (lm/W), yana rage amfani da makamashi don fitarwa iri ɗaya. Ingantacciyar Daidaiton Launi: Ƙunƙuntaccen ƙimar kuskuren rarrabuwa don tsawon zango da ƙarfin haske, wanda aka ba da damar ta hanyar sarrafa tsarin masana'antu na ci gaba, yana ba da damar mafi kyawun daidaita launi a cikin tsararrun LED masu yawa ba tare da tantancewa da hannu ba. Ƙarfafa Dogaro: Haɓaka ƙarin kayan fakitin ƙarfi (abubuwan gyare-gyare, leadframes) da ingantaccen dogaro na matakin guntu yana haifar da tsawon rayuwar aiki (ma'auni na L70, L90) a ƙarƙashin manyan ƙarfin tuƙi da yanayin zafi. Ƙananan Girma tare da Aiki: Tuƙin ƙananan, matsakaicin tsararrun LED yana tura girman fakitin ƙasa yayin da yake kiyayewa ko ƙara fitarwa, ko da yake wannan yana ƙarfafa ƙalubalen sarrafa zafi. Hanyoyin Hankali & Haɗin kai: Babban kasuwa yana ganin haɓaka a cikin LEDs tare da haɗaɗɗun direbobi, masu sarrafawa, ko na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ko da yake wannan ya fi yaduwa a cikin manyan ƙarfi ko sassa na musamman.

The color point is controlled through dominant wavelength bins. The available bins are O54 (615-620 nm), R51 (620-625 nm), and R52 (625-630 nm), defining the specific shade of red emitted. The measurement tolerance for dominant/peak wavelength is ±1 nm.

. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that illustrate device behavior under varying conditions.

.1 Spectral Distribution

A graph shows the relative luminous intensity versus wavelength, typical for a red AlGaInP LED, with a peak in the 620-660 nm range and a defined spectral width.

.2 Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature

Figure 1 plots the shift in forward voltage against junction temperature. The curve typically shows a negative coefficient, meaning V_Fdecreases as T_jincreases, which is a critical factor for constant-current driver design.

.3 Relative Radiometric Power vs. Forward Current

Figure 2 demonstrates the sub-linear relationship between light output (relative radiometric power) and forward current. The output increases with current but with diminishing returns at higher currents due to efficiency droop and thermal effects.

.4 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Junction Temperature

Figure 3 shows how light output decreases as the junction temperature rises. This thermal derating is essential for predicting performance in real-world applications where heatsinking may be limited.

.5 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage & Thermal Derating

Figure 4 depicts the standard I-V curve. Figure 5 is crucial for reliability, showing the maximum allowable driving forward current as a function of the soldering temperature, ensuring the device is not overstressed during operation after assembly.

.6 Radiation Pattern

Figure 6 presents a polar radiation diagram, confirming the 120° viewing angle (where intensity drops to 50% of the axial value) and the symmetrical Lambertian-like emission pattern typical of top-view PLCC packages.

. Mechanical & Package Information

.1 Package Dimensions

The PLCC-2 package has nominal dimensions of 3.0 mm in length, 2.8 mm in width, and a height of 1.9 mm. A detailed dimensioned drawing specifies pad locations, overall tolerances (±0.1 mm unless noted), and the lens structure. The top-view design indicates the light is emitted perpendicular to the mounting plane.

.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is typically identified by a visual marker on the package, such as a notch, a dot, or a cut corner on the lens or body, as indicated in the dimension drawing. Correct polarity orientation is essential during assembly.

. Soldering & Assembly Guidelines

.1 Reflow Soldering Parameters

The recommended reflow soldering profile peaks at 260°C for a duration of 10 seconds. This is a standard lead-free (SnAgCu) process requirement. Hand soldering, if necessary, should be limited to 350°C for no more than 3 seconds per lead, using a grounded iron.

.2 Storage Conditions

The components are packaged in moisture-sensitive barrier bags with desiccant. Before the bag is opened, LEDs must be stored at 30°C or less and 90% relative humidity or less. Once opened, components should be used within a specified timeframe or baked according to MSL (Moisture Sensitivity Level) procedures to prevent popcorning during reflow.

.3 Precautions for Use

Over-current Protection:LEDs are current-driven devices. An external current-limiting resistor or constant-current driver is mandatory. A small increase in forward voltage can cause a large, potentially destructive increase in current due to the diode's exponential I-V characteristic.
ESD Precautions:The device is sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Use ESD-safe workstations, wrist straps, and packaging during handling and assembly.

. Packaging & Ordering Information

.1 Tape and Reel Specifications

The LEDs are supplied on embossed carrier tape for automated pick-and-place assembly. The tape width, pocket dimensions, and sprocket hole pitch are specified. Each reel contains 4000 pieces. Reel dimensions (diameter, width, hub size) are provided for compatibility with automated equipment.

.2 Moisture-Resistant Packing

The full packing process involves placing the reeled components into an aluminum laminate moisture-proof bag along with desiccant and a humidity indicator card. The bag is then sealed.

.3 Label Explanation

Reel labels include several codes: P/N (Product Number), QTY (Packing Quantity), CAT (Luminous Intensity Rank/bin), HUE (Dominant Wavelength Rank/bin), REF (Forward Voltage Rank/bin), and LOT No (Traceable Lot Number).

. Application Suggestions

.1 Typical Application Scenarios

The combination of medium power, good efficiency, wide angle, and compact size makes this LED suitable for:
• Decorative and Entertainment Lighting:Architectural accent lighting, signage, stage lighting effects where red color is required.
• Agriculture Lighting:Supplemental lighting in horticulture, potentially influencing plant photomorphogenesis in the red spectrum.
• General Lighting:Indicator lights, status lights, backlighting for panels or switches, and other applications requiring a reliable red indicator.

.2 Design Considerations

• Thermal Management:With an R_{th J-S}of 50 °C/W, effective thermal path design on the PCB (using thermal vias, copper pours) is important to maintain low junction temperature, ensuring long-term reliability and stable light output.
• Current Drive:Always use a constant current source or a voltage source with a series resistor calculated based on the maximum V_Ffrom the binning table and the target operating current.
• Optical Design:The 120° viewing angle and Lambertian pattern simplify secondary optics design for beam shaping if required.

. Reliability & Quality Assurance

A comprehensive set of reliability tests is performed with a 90% confidence level and an LTPD (Lot Tolerance Percent Defective) of 10%. The test matrix includes:
• Reflow Soldering Resistance
• Thermal Shock (-10°C to +100°C)
• Temperature Cycling (-40°C to +100°C)
• High Temperature/Humidity Storage (85°C/85% RH)
• High/Low Temperature Operation and Storage Life tests at various conditions and currents (e.g., 90mA, 180mA).
Each test uses a sample size of 22 pieces with an accept/reject criterion of 0/1, indicating high reliability standards.

. Technical Comparison & Positioning

This middle-power PLCC-2 LED occupies a specific niche. Compared to low-power SMD LEDs (e.g., 0603, 0805), it offers significantly higher luminous flux, making it suitable for illumination rather than just indication. Compared to high-power LEDs, it requires less complex thermal management and driving circuitry while still delivering useful light output for many applications. The AlGaInP technology provides high efficiency in the red/orange/amber spectrum compared to phosphor-converted white LEDs of similar size. The wide 120° viewing angle is a key differentiator from LEDs with narrower, more focused beams.

. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: What driver current should I use?
A: The absolute maximum continuous current is 150 mA. For optimal balance of efficiency, lifetime, and light output, operating between 60-120 mA is typical, but always refer to the derating curves (Fig. 5) based on your board's thermal performance.
Q: How do I interpret the binning codes in my order?
A: The label codes CAT, HUE, and REF correspond directly to the Luminous Flux, Dominant Wavelength, and Forward Voltage bin tables in sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. This allows you to know the precise performance range of the LEDs you received.
Q: Can I drive this LED directly from a 3.3V or 5V logic supply?
A: No. You must use a series current-limiting resistor. Calculate the resistor value as R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Use the maximum V_Ffrom your voltage bin to ensure enough voltage drop across the resistor at all times.
Q: What is the impact of junction temperature on performance?
A: As shown in Fig. 3, light output decreases as T_jincreases. Furthermore, higher temperatures accelerate lumen depreciation and can reduce device lifetime. Maintaining a low T_jthrough good heatsinking is critical for consistent, long-term performance.

. Design-in Case Study Example

Scenario:Designing a low-cost, battery-powered red safety beacon.
Requirements:Visible from all angles, low power consumption, simple drive circuit, compact.
Design Choices:
1. LED Selection:This PLCC-2 red LED is chosen for its 120° viewing angle (good omnidirectionality), medium power (good brightness vs. battery life), and SMD package (small, easy assembly).
2. Drive Circuit:A simple circuit using a 3V coin cell battery, a MOSFET for switching, and a series resistor. The resistor value is calculated for I_F= 100 mA using R = (3.0V - 2.5V_typ) / 0.1A = 5Ω. A 5.1Ω, 1/4W resistor is selected.
3. Thermal & PCB Design:The beacon operates in short pulses (10% duty cycle), reducing average power and thermal load. The PCB uses a simple two-layer design with the LED pad connected to a small copper pour on the bottom layer for slight heatsinking.
4. Result:A functional, reliable beacon meeting size, cost, and performance targets, leveraging the LED's specified characteristics.

. Operating Principle

This is a semiconductor photonic device based on an AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) heterostructure. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's turn-on voltage is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region from the n-type and p-type layers, respectively. These charge carriers recombine radiatively within the quantum wells of the active region, releasing energy in the form of photons. The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly defines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, in the red spectrum (615-630 nm). The water-clear epoxy resin encapsulant protects the semiconductor chip, provides mechanical stability, and shapes the light output beam.

. Technology Trends

Middle-power SMD LEDs like this PLCC-2 type continue to evolve. General industry trends include:
• Increased Efficacy:Ongoing improvements in internal quantum efficiency, light extraction, and package design lead to higher lumens per watt (lm/W), reducing energy consumption for the same light output.
• Improved Color Consistency:Tighter binning tolerances for wavelength and flux, enabled by advanced manufacturing process control, allow for better color matching in multi-LED arrays without manual sorting.
• Enhanced Reliability:Development of more robust package materials (mold compounds, leadframes) and improved chip-level reliability lead to longer operational lifetimes (L70, L90 metrics) under higher drive currents and temperatures.
• Miniaturization with Performance:The drive for smaller, denser LED arrays pushes package sizes down while maintaining or increasing light output, though this intensifies thermal management challenges.
• Smart & Integrated Solutions:The broader market sees growth in LEDs with integrated drivers, controllers, or sensors, though this is more prevalent in high-power or specialty segments.