Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Bincike Mai zurfi
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
- 3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Flux Binning)
- 3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)
- 3.3 Rarraba Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Dominant Wavelength Binning)
- 4. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki (Performance Curve Analysis)
- 4.1 Rarraba Bakan (Spectrum Distribution)
- Hoto na 1 yana nuna canjin ƙarfin gaba dangane da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙarfin gaba yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru, wanda shine halayen gama gari na diodes na semiconductor.
- Hoto na 2 yana nuna yadda fitar da haske (ƙarfin radiometric mai alaƙa) yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin gaba. Alakar gabaɗaya ta layi ne a ƙananan ƙarfi amma tana iya nuna tasashin jikewa a manyan ƙarfi.
- Hoto na 3 yana kwatanta dogaron fitar da haske akan zafin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, yana nuna mahimmancin ingantaccen sarrafa zafi don kiyaye haske mai daidaito.
- Hoto na 4 shine ainihin lankwasa halayen ƙarfin lantarki (IV) a zafin yanayi na 25°C. Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode.
- Hoto na 5 yana ba da lankwasa rage daraja, yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aiki na zafin wurin gyarawa, la'akari da juriyar zafi (R
- Hoto na 6 zane ne na polar wanda ke nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske (tsarin radiation). Faɗin tsari, mai kama da Lambertian, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 120.
- 5.1 Girman Kunshi
- An ba da cikakken zane na girma na kunshin PLCC-2. Muhimman girma sun haɗa da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma tazarar jagora (pad) da girma. Zanen ya haɗa da kallon sama wanda ke nuna alamar cathode. Sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka, matsakaicin jurewar girma shine ±0.15 mm.
- Takardar bayani ta ƙayyade hanyoyin gyarawa guda biyu. Don gyarar sake kunnawa, matsakaicin zafin kololuwa bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 260°C ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 10. Don gyarar hannu, zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 3 kowace jagora. Waɗannan iyakoki suna da mahimmanci don hana lalata kunshin filastik da haɗin wayoyi na ciki. Na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi; saboda haka, idan an buɗe marufi, ana iya buƙatar gasa kafin gyarawa idan lokacin bayyanawa ya wuce matakin da aka ƙayyade (ba a cikakken bayani a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba).
- 7.1 Kunshi Mai Jure Danshi
- Ana ba da LED a cikin kunshi mai jure danshi. Yawanci ana ɗora su cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya, waɗanda ake narkar da su akan reels. Tsarin gama gari shine guda 4000 a kowace reel. Kunshin ya haɗa da abin bushewa kuma an rufe shi a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi na aluminum tare da alamun da suka dace.
- Alamar reel tana ƙunshe da filaye masu mahimmanci da yawa: CPN (Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki), P/N (Lambar Samfur), QTY (Adadin Kunshi), CAT (Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken, wanda ya dace da rukunin ƙarfin haske), HUE (Matsayi na Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye), REF (Matsayi na Ƙarfin Gaba), da LOT No (Lambar Rukuni don bin diddigin).
- Cikakkun zane-zane suna ƙayyade girma na reel (diamita, faɗi, girman cibiya) da tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya (girman aljihu, tazarar, faɗin tef). Matsakaicin jurewa yawanci ±0.1 mm ne sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.
- Takardar bayani ta lissafa manyan wuraren aikace-aikace: Hasken Ado da Nishaɗi, Hasken Noma, da Amfani na Gabaɗaya. Faɗin kusurwar kallo da ingantaccen aiki sun sa ya dace da hasken yanayi, alamun kasuwanci, hasken gandun daji don takamaiman matakan girma na shuka, da kayan kwalliya inda ake son hasken ja. Lokacin ƙirar da'irar tuƙi, dole ne a yi la'akari da rukunin ƙarfin gaba da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfi. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na waje ko tuƙi mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun don hana lalacewar wuce gona da iri, kamar yadda aka faɗa a cikin abubuwan da ake kula da su.
- An zayyana cikakken shirin gwajin dogaro, yana nuna ƙarfin samfur. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da LTPD (Lot Tolerance Percent Defective) na 10%. Abubuwan gwajin sun haɗa da: Gyarar Sake Kunnawa (260°C/10s), Girgizar Zafi (-10°C zuwa +100°C), Zagayowar Zafi (-40°C zuwa +100°C), Ajiyar Babban Zafi/Danshi (85°C/85% RH), Aiki na Babban Zafi/Danshi (85°C/85% RH, 35mA), Ajiyar Ƙananan/Babban Zafi, da gwaje-gwajen rayuwa daban-daban na Aiki na Ƙananan/Babban Zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na ƙarfi da zafin jiki. Girman samfurin kowane gwaji shine guda 22 tare da ma'aunin karɓa/ƙi na 0/1.
- Mafi mahimmancin abin da ake kula da shi shine kariya daga wuce gona da iri. Dole ne a tuƙi LED tare da resistor na jeri ko da'irar ƙarfi na yau da kullun da ta dace. Wucewa da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfi, ƙarfin lantarki, wutar lantarki, ko zafin jiki zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. Dole ne a bi daidaitattun ayyukan sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa. Dole ne a yi amfani da ƙimar juriyar zafi don ƙididdige zafin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki da ake tsammani don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance ƙasa da 115°C.
- A matsayin LED mai tsaka-tsaki a cikin kunshin PLCC-2, wannan na'urar tana tsakanin ƙananan LED masu nuna alama da manyan LED masu haskakawa. Muhimman bambance-bambancensa shine daidaiton kyakkyawan fitar da haske (har zuwa 13 lm) tare da matsakaicin amfani da wutar lantarki (matsakaicin 182 mW) da daidaitaccen sawun PLCC-2 wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙirar PCB da samun kayan aiki. Cikakken tsarin rarraba yana ba da hasashe don samar da girma.
- Q: Wane ƙarfin tuƙi ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi?
- Yi la'akari da ƙirar LED strip na ado don hasken ja na yanayi. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi LED 67-21S a cikin rukunin L2 (11-12 lm) da rukunin ƙarfin lantarki 28 (2.1-2.2V) don daidaito. Tsiri yana aiki a 12V DC. Don tuƙi kowane LED a 60mA, an ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jeri: R = (V
- Wannan LED yana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na diode (kusan 1.9-2.6V don wannan kayan AlGaInP), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin gwiwa. Haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na semiconductor na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda ke ayyana tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, ja. Rufe resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana kare guntu kuma yana taimakawa wajen fitar da haske.
- Sashin LED mai tsaka-tsaki yana ci gaba da haɓakawa zuwa ingantaccen aiki (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi, da ƙarancin farashi. Akwai yanayin ƙarin rarraba mai zurfi da ƙaƙƙarfan jurewa don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya, kamar bangon bidiyo da haske na layi. Fasahar kunshi kuma tana ci gaba don ba da ingantaccen aikin zafi daga sawu iri ɗaya, yana ba da damar manyan ƙarfin tuƙi ko tsawon rayuwa. Ƙaura zuwa daidaitattun sawu kamar PLCC-2 yana sauƙaƙa sake amfani da ƙira da sassaucin sarkar wadata.
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
67-21S LED ne mai hawa a saman wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen haske na gabaɗaya. Yana amfani da kunshin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier), yana ba da ƙaramin siffa wanda ya dace da tsarin haɗawa ta atomatik. Babban launin da ake fitarwa shine ja, wanda aka samu ta hanyar kayan guntu na AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) wanda aka rufe a cikin resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa. Wannan haɗin yana ba da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar rarraba haske mai faɗi.
Muhimman fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ingantaccen aiki, wanda ke nufin kyakkyawan fitar da haske don matakin amfani da wutar lantarki, da kuma bin ka'idojin muhalli kamar rashin gubar (Pb-free) da bin ka'idojin RoHS. An tsara kunshin don dogaro a cikin yanayi daban-daban na aiki.
2. Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha da Bincike Mai zurfi
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana su a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi (zafin wurin gyarawa a 25°C). Matsakaicin ci gaba na yanzu na gaba (IF) shine 70 mA. Don aikin bugun jini, matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba (IFP) na 140 mA yana halatta a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 10 ms. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (Pd) shine 182 mW. Kewayon zafin aiki (Topr) daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da zafin ajiya (Tstg) ya faɗaɗa daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Juriyar zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin gyarawa (Rth J-S) shine 50 °C/W, wanda shine muhimmin ma'auni don ƙirar sarrafa zafi. Matsakaicin zafin haɗin gwiwa da aka yarda (Tj) shine 115°C. Dole ne gyarawa ya bi ƙa'idodi masu tsauri: gyarar sake kunnawa a 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10 ko gyarar hannu a 350°C na matsakaicin dakika 3. Kayan yana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD), yana buƙatar daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafawa.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
An auna a zafin wurin gyarawa na 25°C da ƙarfin gaba na 60 mA, na'urar tana nuna ƙarfin haske (Φ) daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 9.0 lm zuwa matsakaicin 13.0 lm, tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±11%. Ƙarfin gaba (VF) ya bambanta daga 1.9 V zuwa 2.6 V a wannan gwajin ƙarfin, tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±0.1V. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) yawanci digiri 120 ne. Ƙarfin baya (IR) an ƙayyade shi a matsakaicin 50 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya (VR) na 5V. Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana ainihin aikin a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin aiki.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)
An rarraba samfurin zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin mahimman ma'auni. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacensu don haske da halayen lantarki.
3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Flux Binning)
An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa lambobin rukuni da yawa (B8, B9, L1, L2, L3) tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma da aka auna a IF=60mA. Misali, rukunin B8 ya ƙunshi 9.0 zuwa 9.5 lm, yayin da rukunin L3 ya ƙunshi 12.0 zuwa 13.0 lm. Matsakaicin jurewa gabaɗaya ya kasance ±11%.
3.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Gaba (Forward Voltage Binning)
An rarraba ƙarfin gaba ta amfani da lambobi daga 26 zuwa 32, kowanne yana wakiltar kewayon 0.1V farawa daga 1.9-2.0V (lamba 26) har zuwa 2.5-2.6V (lamba 32). Matsakaicin jurewa shine ±0.1V.
3.3 Rarraba Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Dominant Wavelength Binning)
Tsawon zango mai rinjaye, wanda ke ayyana launin hasken ja da ake gani, an rarraba shi zuwa lambobi biyu: R51 (620-625 nm) da R52 (625-630 nm). Matsakaicin jurewar ma'auni shine ±1 nm.
4. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki (Performance Curve Analysis)
Takardar bayani tana ba da jadawali da yawa na halaye waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
4.1 Rarraba Bakan (Spectrum Distribution)
Jadawali yana nuna ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da tsawon zango, yawanci yana kololuwa a cikin bakan ja (kusan 620-640 nm don wannan na'urar), yana tabbatar da rukunin tsawon zango mai rinjaye.
Hoto na 1 yana nuna canjin ƙarfin gaba dangane da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙarfin gaba yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru, wanda shine halayen gama gari na diodes na semiconductor.
4.3 Ƙarfin Radiometric Mai Alaƙa da Ƙarfin Gaba (Relative Radiometric Power vs. Forward Current)
Hoto na 2 yana nuna yadda fitar da haske (ƙarfin radiometric mai alaƙa) yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin gaba. Alakar gabaɗaya ta layi ne a ƙananan ƙarfi amma tana iya nuna tasashin jikewa a manyan ƙarfi.
4.4 Ƙarfin Hasken Mai Alaƙa da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa (Relative Luminous Flux vs. Junction Temperature)
Hoto na 3 yana kwatanta dogaron fitar da haske akan zafin haɗin gwiwa. Ƙarfin haske yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi, yana nuna mahimmancin ingantaccen sarrafa zafi don kiyaye haske mai daidaito.
4.5 Ƙarfin Gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (Lankwasa IV) (Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (IV Curve))
Hoto na 4 shine ainihin lankwasa halayen ƙarfin lantarki (IV) a zafin yanayi na 25°C. Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun na diode.
4.6 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Tuƙi da Zafin Gyarawa (Maximum Driving Current vs. Soldering Temperature)
Hoto na 5 yana ba da lankwasa rage daraja, yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba da aka yarda a matsayin aiki na zafin wurin gyarawa, la'akari da juriyar zafi (R
th j-s= 50 °C/W). Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade amintattun ƙarfin aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na yanayi.4.7 Tsarin Radiation (Radiation Pattern)
Hoto na 6 zane ne na polar wanda ke nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske (tsarin radiation). Faɗin tsari, mai kama da Lambertian, yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 120.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
5.1 Girman Kunshi
An ba da cikakken zane na girma na kunshin PLCC-2. Muhimman girma sun haɗa da tsayin gabaɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma tazarar jagora (pad) da girma. Zanen ya haɗa da kallon sama wanda ke nuna alamar cathode. Sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka, matsakaicin jurewar girma shine ±0.15 mm.
6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa
Takardar bayani ta ƙayyade hanyoyin gyarawa guda biyu. Don gyarar sake kunnawa, matsakaicin zafin kololuwa bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba, kuma lokacin da ya wuce 260°C ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 10. Don gyarar hannu, zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa dakika 3 kowace jagora. Waɗannan iyakoki suna da mahimmanci don hana lalata kunshin filastik da haɗin wayoyi na ciki. Na'urar tana da hankali ga danshi; saboda haka, idan an buɗe marufi, ana iya buƙatar gasa kafin gyarawa idan lokacin bayyanawa ya wuce matakin da aka ƙayyade (ba a cikakken bayani a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba).
7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
7.1 Kunshi Mai Jure Danshi
Ana ba da LED a cikin kunshi mai jure danshi. Yawanci ana ɗora su cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya, waɗanda ake narkar da su akan reels. Tsarin gama gari shine guda 4000 a kowace reel. Kunshin ya haɗa da abin bushewa kuma an rufe shi a cikin jakar kariya daga danshi na aluminum tare da alamun da suka dace.
7.2 Bayanin Alama
Alamar reel tana ƙunshe da filaye masu mahimmanci da yawa: CPN (Lambar Samfurin Abokin Ciniki), P/N (Lambar Samfur), QTY (Adadin Kunshi), CAT (Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken, wanda ya dace da rukunin ƙarfin haske), HUE (Matsayi na Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye), REF (Matsayi na Ƙarfin Gaba), da LOT No (Lambar Rukuni don bin diddigin).
7.3 Girman Reel da Tef
Cikakkun zane-zane suna ƙayyade girma na reel (diamita, faɗi, girman cibiya) da tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya (girman aljihu, tazarar, faɗin tef). Matsakaicin jurewa yawanci ±0.1 mm ne sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
Takardar bayani ta lissafa manyan wuraren aikace-aikace: Hasken Ado da Nishaɗi, Hasken Noma, da Amfani na Gabaɗaya. Faɗin kusurwar kallo da ingantaccen aiki sun sa ya dace da hasken yanayi, alamun kasuwanci, hasken gandun daji don takamaiman matakan girma na shuka, da kayan kwalliya inda ake son hasken ja. Lokacin ƙirar da'irar tuƙi, dole ne a yi la'akari da rukunin ƙarfin gaba da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfi. Dole ne a yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na waje ko tuƙi mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun don hana lalacewar wuce gona da iri, kamar yadda aka faɗa a cikin abubuwan da ake kula da su.
9. Gwajin Dogaro
An zayyana cikakken shirin gwajin dogaro, yana nuna ƙarfin samfur. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da LTPD (Lot Tolerance Percent Defective) na 10%. Abubuwan gwajin sun haɗa da: Gyarar Sake Kunnawa (260°C/10s), Girgizar Zafi (-10°C zuwa +100°C), Zagayowar Zafi (-40°C zuwa +100°C), Ajiyar Babban Zafi/Danshi (85°C/85% RH), Aiki na Babban Zafi/Danshi (85°C/85% RH, 35mA), Ajiyar Ƙananan/Babban Zafi, da gwaje-gwajen rayuwa daban-daban na Aiki na Ƙananan/Babban Zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na ƙarfi da zafin jiki. Girman samfurin kowane gwaji shine guda 22 tare da ma'aunin karɓa/ƙi na 0/1.
10. Abubuwan da ake Kula da su don Amfani
Mafi mahimmancin abin da ake kula da shi shine kariya daga wuce gona da iri. Dole ne a tuƙi LED tare da resistor na jeri ko da'irar ƙarfi na yau da kullun da ta dace. Wucewa da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfi, ƙarfin lantarki, wutar lantarki, ko zafin jiki zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. Dole ne a bi daidaitattun ayyukan sarrafa ESD yayin haɗawa. Dole ne a yi amfani da ƙimar juriyar zafi don ƙididdige zafin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki da ake tsammani don tabbatar da cewa ya kasance ƙasa da 115°C.
11. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
A matsayin LED mai tsaka-tsaki a cikin kunshin PLCC-2, wannan na'urar tana tsakanin ƙananan LED masu nuna alama da manyan LED masu haskakawa. Muhimman bambance-bambancensa shine daidaiton kyakkyawan fitar da haske (har zuwa 13 lm) tare da matsakaicin amfani da wutar lantarki (matsakaicin 182 mW) da daidaitaccen sawun PLCC-2 wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙirar PCB da samun kayan aiki. Cikakken tsarin rarraba yana ba da hasashe don samar da girma.
12. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q: Wane ƙarfin tuƙi ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi?
A: An siffanta na'urar a 60mA. Kuna iya aiki da ita har zuwa matsakaicin ci gaba na yanzu na 70mA, amma dole ne ku tabbatar cewa zafin haɗin gwiwa bai wuce 115°C ba ta hanyar la'akari da zafin yanayi, ƙirar zafi, da amfani da lankwasa rage daraja (Hoto na 5).
Q: Ta yaya zan gano cathode?
A: Kunshin yana da alamar gani (yawanci tsaga ko kore) a saman gefen kusa da jagoran cathode. Dubi zanen girma na kunshi.
Q: Zan iya amfani da shi don aikin bugun jini?
A: I, amma matsakaicin ƙarfin bai kamata ya wuce 140mA ba a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki na 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 10ms. Matsakaicin ƙarfin dole ne har yanzu ya mutunta ƙimar ci gaba.
Q: Me ya sa ake ba da ƙarfin haske a matsayin kewayon?
A: Saboda bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana rarraba LED. Kuna zaɓar rukuni (misali, L2 don 11-12 lm) don tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin matakin aiki don ƙirar ku.
13. Nazarin Ƙira da Amfani
Yi la'akari da ƙirar LED strip na ado don hasken ja na yanayi. Mai ƙira ya zaɓi LED 67-21S a cikin rukunin L2 (11-12 lm) da rukunin ƙarfin lantarki 28 (2.1-2.2V) don daidaito. Tsiri yana aiki a 12V DC. Don tuƙi kowane LED a 60mA, an ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jeri: R = (V
supply- V) / IF. Ta amfani da matsakaicin VFna 2.2V don aminci, R = (12V - 2.2V) / 0.060A ≈ 163 ohms. Za a zaɓi resistor na yau da kullun na 160-ohm. Ana haɗa irin waɗannan nau'ikan LED+resistor da yawa a layi daya a kan layin dogo na 12V. Tsarin PCB yana tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla don ɓarkewar zafi daga pad ɗin gyarar LED, la'akari da juriyar zafi zuwa yanayi.F14. Ka'idar Aiki
Wannan LED yana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce kofa na diode (kusan 1.9-2.6V don wannan kayan AlGaInP), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka a kan haɗin gwiwa. Haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gami na semiconductor na AlGaInP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda ke ayyana tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, ja. Rufe resin mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana kare guntu kuma yana taimakawa wajen fitar da haske.
15. Trends na Masana'antu
Sashin LED mai tsaka-tsaki yana ci gaba da haɓakawa zuwa ingantaccen aiki (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen daidaiton launi, da ƙarancin farashi. Akwai yanayin ƙarin rarraba mai zurfi da ƙaƙƙarfan jurewa don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya, kamar bangon bidiyo da haske na layi. Fasahar kunshi kuma tana ci gaba don ba da ingantaccen aikin zafi daga sawu iri ɗaya, yana ba da damar manyan ƙarfin tuƙi ko tsawon rayuwa. Ƙaura zuwa daidaitattun sawu kamar PLCC-2 yana sauƙaƙa sake amfani da ƙira da sassaucin sarkar wadata.
The middle-power LED segment continues to evolve towards higher efficacy (more lumens per watt), improved color consistency, and lower cost. There is a trend for more sophisticated binning and tighter tolerances to meet the demands of applications requiring uniform appearance, such as video walls and linear lighting. Packaging technology is also advancing to offer better thermal performance from the same footprint, allowing for higher drive currents or longer lifespan. The move towards standardized footprints like PLCC-2 facilitates design reuse and supply chain flexibility.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |