Bayanin Fasaha na LED na SMD Reflector 67-21 - Kunshin P-LCC-2 - 3.5V Matsakaici - 110mW - Kore/Rawa/Shuɗi/Lemun Tsami - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Jerin 67-21 yana wakiltar dangin na'urorin haske masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) waɗanda ke da mai tarawa (reflector) a cikin kunshin P-LCC-2. An ƙera wannan zane don samar da faɗin kusurwar kallo da ingantaccen fitar da haske, wanda ya sa ya dace musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haɗa haske cikin jagororin haske (light pipes). Ana samun wannan jerin a launuka da yawa ciki har da lemun tsami mai laushi, kore, shuɗi, da rawaya, tare da jikin kunshi fari da taga mai tsabta mara launi. Ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don aikace-aikacen masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki kamar na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin LED yana fitowa daga ƙirar kunshinsa. Mai tarawa na ciki (inter-reflector) yana ƙara haɓaka fitar da haske da alkiblarsa, wanda ke haifar da tsarin fitarwa mai daidaito da faɗi. Wannan siffa tana da mahimmanci don hasken baya na alamomi, maɓallai, da allunan LCD inda ake buƙatar haske iri ɗaya. Na'urar tana cikakken dacewa da na'urorin sarrafawa ta atomatik kuma ana samar da ita akan tef ɗin 8mm da reel don haɗawa mai yawa. Dacewarta da hanyoyin gishiri daban-daban, ciki har da reflow na tururi, reflow na infrared, da guguwar gishiri, tana ba da sassauci a cikin masana'antu. Samfurin kuma yana bin ka'idojin RoHS kuma ba shi da gubar. Kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da cikin motoci (hasken baya na dashboard da maɓalli), kayan aikin sadarwa (alamar aiki da hasken baya a cikin wayoyi/na'urorin faks), da na'urorin lantarki na gabaɗaya waɗanda ke buƙatar amintattun fitilun nuni ko hanyoyin hasken baya.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

Ana ayyana aikin lantarki da na gani na LED a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin gwaji, yawanci a ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (I_F) na 20mA da yanayin zafi na muhalli (T_a) na 25°C. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira daidai da tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci.

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba don ci gaba da aiki ba ne. Manyan iyakoki sun haɗa da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V, ci gaba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (I_F) na 30mA, da kololuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (I_FP) na 100mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki a 1kHz). Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (P_d) shine 110mW. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana ta tsakanin -40°C da +90°C. Hakanan an ƙayyade bayanan yanayin zafin gishiri don hana lalacewar kunshi yayin haɗawa.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Matsakaicin ma'auni na aiki yana ba da ƙimar da ake tsammani a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Ga takamaiman bambance-bambancen da aka nuna a cikin takardar (mai yiwuwa LED kore bisa bayanan tsawon zango), ƙarfin haske (I_v) ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 900 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 1800 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman kusurwar da ƙarfinsa ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa, yawanci digiri 120 ne, yana tabbatar da da'awar faɗin kusurwa. Tsawon zango mai rinjaye (λ_d) don wannan misali yana tsakanin 520nm da 535nm, yana sanya shi a cikin bakan kore. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana tsakanin 2.7V zuwa 3.5V a 20mA. Resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki ya zama dole a cikin da'irar aikace-aikace don hana wuce gona da iri na matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba, kamar yadda LEDs ke nuna alaƙar IV mara layi inda ƙaramin ƙaruwar wutar lantarki zai iya haifar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki, mai yuwuwar lalacewa, hawan wutar lantarki.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki bisa mahimman ma'auni. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacensu.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

Ana rarraba fitar da haske zuwa lambobin kwandon guda uku: V2 (900-1120 mcd), W1 (1120-1420 mcd), da W2 (1420-1800 mcd). Rangwamen ƙarfin haske shine ±11%. Dole ne masu zane su yi la'akari da wannan bambanci lokacin da suke zane don mafi ƙarancin buƙatun haske.

3.2 Rarraba Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye

Ana rarraba launi (tsawon zango mai rinjaye) zuwa lambobin kwandon guda uku: X (520-525 nm), Y (525-530 nm), da Z (530-535 nm), tare da matsananciyar rangwame na ±1nm. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin guntu, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da LEDs da yawa kusa da juna.

3.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba

Ana rarraba ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba zuwa kwandon guda huɗu: 10 (2.70-2.90V), 11 (2.90-3.10V), 12 (3.10-3.30V), da 13 (3.30-3.50V), tare da rangwame na ±0.1V. Sanin V_Fkwandon yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige daidai ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki don cimma ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake so, musamman lokacin aiki daga ƙarancin wutar lantarki ko wutar lantarki mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'ida.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi

Na'urar tana amfani da kunshin P-LCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). An ba da cikakkun zane-zane na girman kunshi a cikin takardar bayanin, suna ƙayyade tsayi, faɗi, tsayi, tazarar jagora, da geometry na pad. Waɗannan girma suna da mahimmanci ga ƙirar sawun PCB. Kunshin yana da jikin fari wanda ke taimakawa wajen nunin haske da ruwan tabarau na epoxy mara launi. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar tsarin jiki na kunshi, yawanci tare da tsaga ko alama cathode. Tsarin pad na PCB da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da gishiri daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya.

5. Jagororin Haɗawa da Gishiri

Sarrafa da gishiri daidai suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye mutuncin na'urar da aiki.

5.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Solder

Don gishiri mara gubar, dole ne a bi takamaiman bayanin yanayin zafi. Matakin dumama kafin ya kamata ya tashi daga 150°C zuwa 200°C sama da dakika 60-120. Lokacin da ya wuce zafin ruwa (217°C) ya kamata a kiyaye shi na dakika 60-150, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba fiye da dakika 10. Matsakaicin ƙimar dumama ya kamata ya zama 3°C/sec, kuma ƙimar sanyaya bai kamata ya wuce 6°C/sec ba. Bai kamata a yi reflow gishiri fiye da sau biyu akan na'urar ɗaya ba.

5.2 Haɗawa da Hannu

Idan haɗawa da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan sosai. Zafin ƙarshen guntun gishiri ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. Ana ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (≤25W). Ya kamata a ba da mafi ƙarancin tazara na dakika 2 tsakanin gishiri kowane tasha don hana girgiza zafi.

5.3 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi

Ana kunna abubuwan a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da desiccant da katin nuna danshi. Jakar za a buɗe ta kai tsaye kafin amfani a cikin yanayin da aka sarrafa zuwa ƙasa da 30°C da 60% danshin muhalli. Da zarar an buɗe, dole ne a yi amfani da abubuwan a cikin takamaiman rayuwar bene (ba a bayyana a fili ba a cikin ɓangaren amma yawanci ana bayyana shi ta matakin Hatsarin Danshi, MSL). Idan katin nuna ya nuna danshi mai yawa, dole ne a gasa abubuwan a 60°C ±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani.

6. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda

Ana samar da LEDs akan tef ɗin 8mm mai faɗi mai ɗagawa, wanda aka loda cikin reels na yau da kullun. Reel na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da guda 2000, ko da yake mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na 250, 500, ko 1000 na iya samuwa. An ƙayyade girman reel da tef daidai don tabbatar da dacewa da na'urorin haɗawa ta atomatik. Alamar kunshi ta haɗa da mahimman bayanai kamar lambar samfur, adadi, da takamaiman lambobin kwandon don ƙarfin haske (CAT), tsawon zango mai rinjaye (HUE), da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (REF), tare da lambar kuri'a don bin diddigin.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Cikin Motoci:Hasken baya don kayan aikin dashboard, maɓallan sarrafawa, da maɓalli. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga wuraren direba daban-daban.
• Sadarwa/Na'urorin Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Alamomin yanayi da hasken baya na maɓalli a cikin wayoyi, na'urorin faks, da na'urorin sarrafa nesa. Ƙarancin wutar lantarki yana da amfani ga rayuwar baturi.
• Fitilun Nuni na Gabaɗaya:Matsayin wutar lantarki, zaɓin yanayi, da alamomin faɗakarwa a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban.
• Aikace-aikacen Bututun Haske:Ingantaccen fitar da haske da faɗin kusurwa sun sa wannan jerin ya dace don haɗawa cikin bututun haske na acrylic ko polycarbonate, waɗanda suka jagoranci haske zuwa wurin da ake so akan panel, suna ba da damar sassauƙar ƙirar injiniya.

7.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka na Zane

• Iyakancewar Wutar Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin don saita ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba. Ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanin (ko takamaiman kwandon) don tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki ba ta taɓa wuce matsakaicin ma'auni ba a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Yayin da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi idan ana aiki a manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli ko kusa da matsakaicin wutar lantarki don kiyaye zafin haɗuwa a cikin iyakoki.
• Kariya ta ESD:Na'urar tana da ƙimar juriya ta ESD na 1000V (HBM). Aiwatar da matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa. Don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, yi la'akari da ƙara murƙushe ƙarfin wutar lantarki na wucin gadi akan layukan da aka haɗa zuwa LED.
• Zane na Gani:Don aikace-aikacen bututun haske, nisa da daidaitawa tsakanin LED da ƙofar bututu suna da mahimmanci. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana taimakawa amma yana iya buƙatar kofin mai tarawa ko ƙirar bututu da aka keɓance don haɓaka haɗin haɗin gwiwa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin da ya bambanta jerin 67-21 shine mai tarawa na ciki a cikin kunshin P-LCC-2. Idan aka kwatanta da LED na SMD na yau da kullun ba tare da wannan fasalin ba, yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin fitar da haske da ƙirar katako mai sarrafawa, mafi faɗi. Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar mai tarawa na waje a yawancin ƙira, yana adana sarari da farashi. Haɗin faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 da samuwa a launuka da yawa a cikin sawun ƙafar kunshi ɗaya yana ba da sassauci na zane. Dacewarta da duk manyan hanyoyin gishiri kuma tana sa ya zama abu mai sassauci don layukan samarwa daban-daban.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

9.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki ya zama dole sosai?

LEDs diodes ne masu alaƙar wutar lantarki mai ƙima (I-V). Ƙaramin ƙaruwar wutar lantarki fiye da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana haifar da babban ƙaruwar wutar lantarki. Ba tare da resistor don iyakance wannan wutar lantarki ba, LED zai ɗauki wutar lantarki mai yawa da sauri, yana haifar da zafi da gazawa mai muni, ko da wutar lantarki ta wadata tana da ɗan tsayi kaɗan. Resistor yana ba da raguwar wutar lantarki mai layi, mai hasashe don daidaita wutar lantarki.

9.2 Shin zan iya kunna wannan LED kai tsaye da tushen wutar lantarki?

A'a. Kunna LED kai tsaye da tushen wutar lantarki ana ƙin shi sosai kuma mai yiwuwa zai lalata na'urar. Dole ne a kunna ta da tushen wutar lantarki ko, fiye da haka, tushen wutar lantarki a cikin jerin tare da resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

9.3 Me ma'anar "rarraba" (binning) ma'auni ke nufi ga zanena?

Rarraba yana nufin ana gwada LEDs kuma a rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi bisa aiki. Idan zanenku yana buƙatar daidaitaccen haske ko launi a cikin raka'a da yawa, ya kamata ku ƙayyade lambobin kwandon da ake buƙata (misali, W2 don mafi girman haske, Y don takamaiman launin kore) lokacin yin oda. Idan zanenku zai iya jure ƙarin bambanci, kuna iya karɓar ɗimbin kwandon, wanda zai iya zama mai tsada.

9.4 Sau nawa zan iya sake yin reflow solder akan wannan kayan aiki?

Takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade cewa bai kamata a yi reflow gishiri fiye da sau biyu ba. Kowane zagayowar reflow yana sanya kayan aikin cikin damuwa na zafi, wanda zai iya lalata haɗin waya na ciki ko kuma epoxy encapsulant. Don sake yin aiki, an ba da takamaiman jagorori ta amfani da guntun gishiri mai kai biyu don rage yawan dumama na gida.

10. Misalin Zane da Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Zanen panel ɗin maɓalli mai hasken baya.Mai zane yana ƙirƙirar panel ɗin sarrafawa tare da maɓallai 12 masu haske. Kowane maɓalli yana amfani da bututun haske don tura haske daga LED na SMD da aka ɗora akan babban PCB zuwa hular maɓalli. An zaɓi jerin 67-21 saboda faɗin kusurwar kallonsa, wanda ke tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗawa cikin ƙofar bututun haske, da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kamar yadda panel ɗin ke samun wutar lantarki daga layin 5V tare da ƙarancin kasafin wutar lantarki. Mai zane ya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewar wutar lantarki ta amfani da matsakaicin V_Fna 3.5V don tabbatar da aiki lafiya a duk raka'o'i: R = (5V - 3.5V) / 0.02A = 75 Ohms. An zaɓi resistor na yau da kullun 75Ω ko 82Ω. Tsarin PCB yana sanya LEDs daidai ƙarƙashin buɗaɗɗen bututun haske, kuma haɗawa yana bin bayanin reflow da aka ƙayyade. Ta hanyar ƙayyade matsakaicin kwandon tsawon zango (misali, Y: 525-530nm), mai zane yana tabbatar da cewa duk maɓallai suna da launin kore iri ɗaya.

11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su (misali, InGaN don kore/shuɗi). Mai tarawa na ciki a cikin jerin 67-21 wani rami ne da aka siffata a kusa da guntun semiconductor. Yana nuna hasken da in ba haka ba za a fitar da shi a gefe ko kuma kunshi ya sha zuwa babban alkiblar kallo, ta haka yana ƙara amfanin fitar da haske da siffanta tsarin radiation zuwa katako mafi faɗi, mafi daidaito.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED na SMD na nuni yana ci gaba zuwa mafi inganci (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na wutar lantarki), ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar ci gaba da rarraba da sarrafa masana'antu, da ingantaccen aminci. Fasahohin kunshi suna haɓaka don ba da damar faɗin kusurwar kallo da mafi kyawun sarrafa zafi a cikin ƙananan sawun ƙafa. Hakanan ana ƙara mai da hankali kan dacewa da hanyoyin gishiri marasa gubar da manyan zafin jiki don cika ƙa'idodin muhalli na duniya da buƙatun aikace-aikacen matakin mota. Haɗa fasalin gani, kamar mai tarawa a cikin wannan jerin, kai tsaye cikin kunshin LED shine babban yanayin da ke sauƙaƙe ƙirar samfurin ƙarshe da inganta aikin gani.