Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
- 3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
- 3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV)
- 4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin
- 5.1 Girman Fakitin
- 5.2 Shawarar Ƙirar Pad ɗin PCB & Ƙaddara
- 6. Jagororin Haɗaƙƙa & Haɗawa
- 6.1 Shawarar Bayanin Sake Karkarwa na IR (Tsarin Maras Gubar)
- 6.2 Tsaftacewa
- 6.3 Ajiya & Sarrafawa
- 7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatanta Fasaha & Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
- 12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin
LTST-S32F1KT-5A ƙaramin fitilar LED ne mai launi cikakke, mai kallon gefe, wanda aka haɗa a cikin na'urar da aka ɗora a saman (SMD). Yana haɗa guda uku na chip na semiconductor daban-daban a cikin fakitin guda ɗaya: chip na AlInGaP don fitar da ja, da chip na InGaN guda biyu don kore da shuɗi. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar samar da nau'ikan launuka masu yawa ta hanyar sarrafa tashoshi uku ɗaya ko haɗe. An ƙera na'urar don tsarin haɗa allon da'ira da aka buga (PCB) ta atomatik, tare da ƙarewar tagulla don haɓaka iya haɗaƙƙa da dacewa da bayanan haɗaƙƙa marasa gubar (Pb-free).
Babban manufar ƙira shine samar da ingantaccen tushen haske na RGB mai haske mai ƙarfi don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari inda ake buƙatar nuna matsayi, hasken baya, ko hasken alama. Ƙaramin sawunsa da tsarin ruwan tabarau mai fitarwa daga gefe sun sa ya dace musamman don haɗawa cikin ƙananan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, na'urorin sadarwa, da allunan sarrafa masana'antu inda sararin gaba ya yi ƙarami amma ganin gefe yana da mahimmanci.
1.1 Siffofi
- Yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).
- Ƙirar gani ta gefe tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta.
- Yana amfani da fasahar semiconductor mai haske sosai na InGaN (don Kore/Shuɗi) da AlInGaP (don Ja).
- An yi fakitin a kan tef mai girman milimita 8 a kan reels masu diamita inci 7 na daidaitawa don kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Yana bin daidaitattun ƙirar fakitin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Lantarki).
- Daidaitaccen shigarwar dabaru (dacewa da I.C.) don sauƙin haɗawa da microcontroller da da'irori masu tuƙi.
- Yana dacewa gaba ɗaya tare da tsarin haɗaƙƙa na infrared (IR) mai girma.
1.2 Aikace-aikace
- Kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, tashoshin wayar hannu, na'urorin hanyar sadarwa).
- Na'urori na sarrafa ofis ta atomatik (misali, na'urorin bugawa, na'urorin sikan, na'urori masu ayyuka da yawa).
- Allunan nuna alama na kayan aikin gida da musaya sarrafawa.
- Alamun matsayi da kuskure na kayan aikin masana'antu.
- Hasken baya na maɓalli da madannai a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukuwa.
- Alamun matsayi da wutar lantarki na gabaɗaya.
- Ƙananan nuni da hasken alama.
- Fitilun sigina da na alama a cikin allunan sarrafawa.
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bincike kan iyakokin aiki na na'urar da halayen aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin gwaji. Duk bayanan an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar ci gaba da aiki a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):Ja: 75 mW, Kore/Shuɗi: 80 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yarda da shi azaman zafi a cikin fakitin.
- Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (IF(PEAK)):Ja: 80 mA, Kore/Shuɗi: 100 mA. Yana aiki ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms) don hana ɗumbin zafi.
- Halin Gaba na DC (IF):Ja: 30 mA, Kore/Shuɗi: 20 mA. Matsakaicin halin gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don dogon lokaci mai aminci.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-20°C zuwa +80°C. Kewayon zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-30°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon zafin da aka yarda lokacin da na'urar ba ta kunna wutar lantarki ba.
- Yanayin Haɗaƙƙa na Infrared:Yana jure zafin kololuwar 260°C na dakika 10, yana ayyana matakin hankali na Danshi (MSL) da ikon sake karkarwa.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani
Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (IF= 5mA, Ta=25°C).
- Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV):An auna shi a millicandelas (mcd). Ƙananan ƙimomi: Ja: 18.0 mcd, Kore: 45.0 mcd, Shuɗi: 11.2 mcd. Matsakaicin ƙimomi: Ja: 45.0 mcd, Kore: 180.0 mcd, Shuɗi: 45.0 mcd. Ana sarrafa wannan faɗin kewayon ta hanyar tsarin rarrabawa.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Yawanci digiri 130. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na kololuwar ƙarfi, yana ayyana faɗin katako.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λp):Na yau da kullun: Ja: 632 nm, Kore: 520 nm, Shuɗi: 468 nm. Tsawon zango wanda rarraba ƙarfin haske ya fi girma a kai.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λd):Tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ya dace da launin LED. Kewayon: Ja: 617-631 nm (Typ. 624 nm), Kore: 520-540 nm (Typ. 527 nm), Shuɗi: 463-477 nm (Typ. 470 nm).
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Na yau da kullun: Ja: 17 nm, Kore: 35 nm, Shuɗi: 26 nm. Faɗin bakan da aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi, yana nuna tsaftar launi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):A IF=5mA. Kewayon: Ja: 1.6 - 2.3 V, Kore: 2.7 - 3.1 V, Shuɗi: 2.7 - 3.1 V. Wannan ma'aunin kuma ana rarraba shi.
- Halin Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 µA a VR= 5V. Ba a ƙera LED don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wannan gwajin don tabbatar da inganci ne kawai.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa
Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. LTST-S32F1KT-5A yana amfani da rarrabawa daban don Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF) da Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV).
3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
Don guntu na Kore da Shuɗi (an gwada su a IF=5mA):
- Lambar Kwandon E7: VF= 2.70V zuwa 2.90V.
- Lambar Kwandon E8: VF= 2.90V zuwa 3.10V.
Jurewa akan kowane kwandon shine ±0.1V. V na guntun JaFan ƙayyade amma ba a rarraba shi a cikin wannan takarda ba.
3.2 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (IV)
An auna shi a IF=5mA. Jurewa akan kowane kwandon shine ±15%.
Shuɗi:L (11.2-18.0 mcd), M (18.0-28.0 mcd), N (28.0-45.0 mcd).
Kore:P (45.0-71.0 mcd), Q (71.0-112.0 mcd), R (112.0-180.0 mcd).
Ja:M (18.0-28.0 mcd), N (28.0-45.0 mcd).
An yiwa lambar kwandon alama akan marufi, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da daidaitaccen haske don tsararrun LED masu yawa.
4. Binciken Lanƙwan Aiki
Lanƙwan aiki na yau da kullun suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin ma'auni masu mahimmanci. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira da sarrafa zafi.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Halin Gaba na Gaba:Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba tsakanin halin tuƙi da fitarwar haske don kowane launi. Yin aiki sama da halin DC da aka ba da shawarar yana haifar da raguwar dawowa da ƙara zafi.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Yanayin Muhalli:Yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi, inda fitarwar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗuwa ya tashi. Daidaitaccen zafin zafi ko rage ƙimar halin yanzu yana da mahimmanci don wurare masu zafi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Halin Gaba na Gaba:Yana nuna halayen I-V na diode. Ana iya ƙididdige juriyar motsi daga gangaren lanƙwan sama da ƙarfin lantarki na kunna.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zane-zane masu nuna ƙarfin haske mai dangi da tsawon zango don kowane guntu, suna nuna kololuwa (λp) da faɗin bakan (Δλ).
5. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin
5.1 Girman Fakitin
Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen ƙirar SMD. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da tsawon jiki, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma shawarwarin tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don ƙirar PCB. Duk girma suna cikin milimita tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade akasin haka. Cikakken zane yana ƙayyade aikin fil: Fil 1 don anode Ja, Fil 2 don anode Kore, da Fil 3 don anode Shuɗi. An haɗa cathodes na duka guntu uku a ciki zuwa Fil 4.
5.2 Shawarar Ƙirar Pad ɗin PCB & Ƙaddara
An ba da zanen tsarin ƙasa don tabbatar da samar da haɗin haɗaƙƙa daidai yayin sake karkarwa. Ƙirar tana ɗaukar fillet ɗin haɗaƙƙa kuma tana hana kabari. An nuna ƙaddara a sarari ta hanyar alama akan jikin na'urar (yawanci dige ko kusurwa mai sassa) wanda ya dace da Fil 1 (Ja).
6. Jagororin Haɗaƙƙa & Haɗawa
6.1 Shawarar Bayanin Sake Karkarwa na IR (Tsarin Maras Gubar)
Zane na lokaci-zafin jiki yana ayyana shawarar bayanin sake haɗaƙƙa:
- Shiri: 150-200°C har zuwa dakika 120.
- Sake Karkarwa: Matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C ba.
- Lokaci sama da 260°C: Matsakaicin dakika 10.
- Adadin wucewa: Matsakaicin sake zagayowar karkarwa biyu.
Don haɗaƙƙa da hannu da ƙarfe: Zafin jiki ≤300°C, lokaci ≤3 dakika, sau ɗaya kawai.
6.2 Tsaftacewa
Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole bayan haɗaƙƙa, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da takamaiman abubuwan kaushi na barasa kamar ethyl alcohol ko isopropyl alcohol. Ya kamata a nutsar da shi a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko fakitin.
6.3 Ajiya & Sarrafawa
- Hatsarin ESD:Na'urar tana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Dole ne sarrafawa ya ƙunshi igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu ƙasa, tabarma mai hana tashin hankali, da kayan aiki masu ƙasa daidai.
- Hankalin Danshi:An yi fakitin azaman MSL 3. Da zarar an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi na asali, ya kamata a sake haɗa abubuwan haɗin cikin mako ɗaya (sauri 168) a ƙarƙashin yanayin bene na masana'anta (≤30°C/60% RH). Don ajiya mai tsawo daga cikin jakar, yi amfani da akwatin bushewa ko akwati mai bushewa. Abubuwan da aka fallasa sama da mako ɗaya suna buƙatar gasa (misali, 60°C na sa'o'i 20) kafin sake karkarwa don hana popcorning.
7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel
Ana samar da na'urar a cikin tef mai ƙyalli tare da murfin kariya, wanda aka nannade akan reels masu diamita inci 7 (178mm).
- Yawa kowace reel: guda 3000.
- Ƙananan adadin oda don ragowar: guda 500.
- Faɗin tef: 8mm.
- Tazarar aljihu da girma na reel sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ANSI/EIA-481.
- Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan haɗin da suka ɓace a jere a cikin tef shine biyu.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
Dole ne a tuƙi kowane tashar launi (Ja, Kore, Shuɗi) da kansu ta hanyar resistor mai iyakancewa ko, zai fi dacewa, direba mai ci gaba da halin yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya bambanta da kowane launi (Ja ~2.0V, Kore/Shuɗi ~3.0V), don haka ana buƙatar ƙididdige saitin halin yanzu daban-daban idan ana amfani da wadataccen wutar lantarki na gama gari tare da resistors na jerin. Don PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) duhu ko haɗa launi, tabbatar da direba zai iya sarrafa mitar da halin yanzu da ake buƙata.
8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- Gudanar da Zafi:Ko da yake ɓarnar wutar lantarki tana da ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi a ƙarƙashin pad ɗin zafi na na'urar (idan ya dace) don fitar da zafi, musamman lokacin tuƙi a ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu.
- Rage Ƙimar Halin Yanzu:Don aiki kusa da ƙarshen sama na kewayon zafin jiki (+80°C), rage halin gaba na gaba don kiyaye aminci da hana saurin raguwar lumen.
- Ƙirar Gani:Bayanin fitarwa daga gefe ya dace da aikace-aikacen bututun haske ko jagorar haske. Yi la'akari da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 130 lokacin ƙirar jagororin haske don tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya.
9. Kwatanta Fasaha & Bambance-bambance
Mahimman bambance-bambancen LTST-S32F1KT-5A suna cikin takamaiman haɗin siffofinsa:
- Kallon gefe da Duban Sama:Ba kamar fitattun LED na sama ba, wannan na'urar tana fitar da haske daga gefe, yana ba da damar haɗaɗɗen injiniya na musamman don allunan hasken gefe ko alamun matsayi akan saman tsaye na PCB.
- Cikakken Launi a cikin Fakitin Guda:Yana haɗa guntu uku na launuka na farko, yana adana sararin allo idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda uku masu launi ɗaya.
- Haɗin Fasaha:Yana amfani da mafi kyawun kayan semiconductor don kowane launi: AlInGaP mai inganci don ja da InGaN mai haske mai ƙarfi don kore/shuɗi, yana haifar da ingantaccen ƙarfin haske gabaɗaya.
- Ƙirar Ƙarfi:Jagororin da aka yi da tagulla da dacewa da mawuyacin bayanan sake karkarwa na IR sun sa ya dace don zamani, samarwa mai girma.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa duka launuka uku daga wadataccen wutar lantarki 5V guda ɗaya?
A: I, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistors masu iyakancewa daban-daban don kowane tashar. Ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (Vwadata- VF) / IF. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VFdaga takardar bayani don ƙira mai aminci. Misali, don tashar Shuɗi a 20mA: R = (5V - 3.1V) / 0.02A = 95 Ohms (yi amfani da 100 Ohms).
Q2: Me yasa matsakaicin halin DC ya bambanta ga Ja (30mA) da Kore/Shuɗi (20mA)?
A: Wannan da fari saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ingancin quantum na ciki da halayen zafi na kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Ja) da InGaN (Kore/Shuɗi). Guntun Ja yawanci zai iya ɗaukar matsakaicin halin yanzu mafi girma a cikin ƙuntatawar zafi iri ɗaya na fakitin.
Q3: Ta yaya zan sami farin haske tare da wannan LED RGB?
A: Ana ƙirƙirar farin haske ta hanyar tuƙa guntu na Ja, Kore, da Shuɗi a lokaci guda a takamaiman rabo na halin yanzu. Daidai rabo ya dogara da ma'anar farin da ake so (misali, farin sanyi, farin dumi) da takamaiman kwandon LED da aka yi amfani da su. Wannan yana buƙatar daidaitawa ko amfani da madauki na amsawar firikwensin launi don sakamako daidai.
Q4: Menene mahimmancin lambobin kwandon?
A: Lambobin kwandon suna tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske. Don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da LED masu yawa (kamar sandar haske), ƙayyade da amfani da LED daga V iri ɗayaFda kuma IVkwandon yana da mahimmanci don guje wa bambance-bambancen da ake iya gani a cikin launi ko haske tsakanin na'urori maƙwabta.
11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki
Yanayin: Alamar Matsayi don Na'urar Hanyar Sadarwa
Mai ƙira yana buƙatar alamar matsayi mai launuka da yawa don na'urar hanyar sadarwa da ke nuna wutar lantarki (kore mai tsayi), aiki (kore mai ƙyalli), kuskure (ja), da yanayin saiti (shuɗi). Yin amfani da LTST-S32F1KT-5A yana adana sarari idan aka kwatanta da LED guda uku daban-daban. Ƙirar fitarwa daga gefe tana ba da damar haɗa haske cikin bututun haske wanda ke gudana zuwa gaban allon ƙaramin rufin na'urar hanyar sadarwa. Fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller, kowannensu yana da resistor na jerin (wanda aka ƙididdige shi don tuƙi 5-10mA), yana sarrafa launuka ɗaya. Faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin alama daga kusurwoyi daban-daban a cikin ɗaki.
12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki
Diodes masu fitar da haske (LED) na'urori ne na haɗin p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga yankin p-type a cikin Layer mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. LTST-S32F1KT-5A yana amfani da:
- AlInGaP (Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide):Tsarin kayan da ke da bandgap daidai da hasken ja da amber. Yana ba da inganci mai girma a cikin bakan ja-orange.
- InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride):Tsarin kayan da ke da bandgap mai daidaitawa wanda zai iya fitar da haske daga ultraviolet ta hanyar shuɗi zuwa kore, ya danganta da abun ciki na indium. Shi ne ma'auni don LED masu haske mai ƙarfi na shuɗi da kore.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Gabaɗayan yanayin SMD LED kamar wannan ya haɗa da:
- Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaba da inganta girma na epitaxial da ƙirar guntu yana haifar da lumens mafi girma kowace watt (lm/W), yana rage amfani da wutar lantarki don fitarwar haske iri ɗaya.
- Ƙananan Girma:Ci gaba da rage girman fakitin yayin kiyayewa ko ƙara ƙarfin gani.
- Ingantaccen Fitar da Launi & Daidaito:Ƙuntataccen jurewa na rarrabawa da sabbin fasahohin phosphor (don LED farare) suna haifar da mafi daidaitattun wuraren launi da mafi girman Fihirisar Fitar da Launi (CRI).
- Haɗaɗɗen Hikima:Girman "LED mai hikima" modules tare da haɗaɗɗun direbobi, masu sarrafawa, da musaya sadarwa (misali, I2C, SPI) don sauƙaƙa ƙirar tsarin. Duk da yake LTST-S32F1KT-5A wani ɓangare ne na daban, masana'antu yana tafiya zuwa mafi yawan haɗaɗɗun mafita don ayyukan haske masu rikitarwa.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |