Takardun Bayani na SMD RGB LED 19-C47 - Sarrafa PWM na 8-bit - Wutar Lantarki 5V - Cikakken Launi - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

19-C47 ƙaramin na'ura ne da ake haɗawa a saman (SMD) wanda ya haɗa ƙwayoyin LED guda uku (Ja, Kore, Shudi) tare da na'urar tuƙi ta musamman mai tashoshi 3. Wannan haɗin yana ba da damar haɗa launuka daidai da sarrafa su, wanda ya sa ya zama muhimmin sashi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitar da cikakken launi mai rai, wanda za'a iya shirya shi. Babbar fa'idarsa ita ce haɗin girman ƙaramin ƙafa, sauƙaƙan da'irar waje saboda mai tuƙin da ke ciki, da kuma ingantaccen sarrafa faɗin bugun jini (PWM) na 8-bit don kowane tashoshi na launi.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

• Mai Tuƙi Mai Haɗawa:Yana ƙunshe da mai tuƙi LED mai tashoshi 3 tare da sarrafa PWM na layi na 8-bit, yana kawar da buƙatar masu sarrafa PWM na waje don haɗa launuka na asali.
• Zurfin Launi Mai Girma:Ana iya sarrafa kowane guntun RGB tare da matakan launin toka 256 (8-bit), wanda ke ba da damar samun launuka sama da miliyan 16 (256^3).
• Ƙaramin Kunshin SMD:Ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai idan aka kwatanta da LED na gargajiya mai ƙafar gubar, yana ba da damar yawan allon da aka haɗa, rage girman samfurin ƙarshe, da kuma dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik (pick-and-place).
• Yin Biyayya:Samfurin ba shi da gubar (Pb-free), yana bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (Br <900ppm, Cl <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm).
• Daidaitawar Tsari:An ƙera shi don dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin solder na infrared da vapor phase reflow.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai rai, cikakken launi da nuni.

• Nunin bidiyo na LED cikakken launi na ciki da waje da alamun kasuwanci.
• Tsiri na hasken LED na ado da hasken gine-gine.
• Hasken baya don allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, da alamomi.
• Alamomin matsayi da hasken baya a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa.
• Aikace-aikacen haske na cikakken launi na gabaɗaya.

2. Ƙayyadaddun Bayanai na Fasaha da Bincike Mai zurfi

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsayin Aiki da Yanayin Aiki

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za a iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Yin aiki a cikin sharuɗɗan da aka ba da shawarar yana tabbatar da aiki mai dogaro.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (VDD):Matsakaicin iyaka shine +4.2V zuwa +5.5V. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun da aka ba da shawarar shine 5.0V. Wucewa 5.5V na iya lalata mai tuƙi na ciki (IC).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Shigarwa (VIN):Dole ne a kiyaye ƙafafun shigarwar dabaru (DIN) tsakanin -0.5V da VDD+0.5V. Don amintaccen gane babban darajar dabaru, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 3.3V shine na al'ada, yayin da ƙananan darajar dabaru yakamata ta kasance ƙasa da 0.3*VDD (yawanci 1.5V a 5V VDD).
• Kariya daga ESD:An ƙididdige shi don ƙirar Jikin Mutum (HBM) na 2000V. Duk da cewa wannan yana ba da kariya ta asali don sarrafawa, har yanzu ana buƙatar matakan kariya na ESD da suka dace yayin haɗawa.
• Kewayon Zafin Jiki:Zafin aiki shine -20°C zuwa +70°C. Zafin ajiya ya faɗaɗa daga -40°C zuwa +90°C. Bayanin solder yana da mahimmanci: matsakaicin zafin jiki na reflow solder bai kamata ya wuce 260°C na dakika 10 ba, ko 350°C na dakika 3 yayin solder da hannu.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki na DC

An auna a Ta=25°C, VDD=5V, waɗannan halaye suna ayyana halayen lantarki na na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsayawa.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Wadata (IDD):Yawanci, amfani da wutar lantarki na mai tuƙi IC da kansa shine 2.5 mA lokacin da duk fitarwar LED ta kashe (duty cycle na PWM 0%). Wannan shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na hutawa.
• Matakan Ƙimar Dabaru:Yana tabbatar da matakan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na shigarwa: VIH (High) yawanci 3.3V ne, kuma VIL (Low) matsakaicin 0.3*VDD ne.

2.3 Lokaci da Tsarin Sadarwar Bayanai

Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin sadarwa na jeri don karɓar bayanai na 24-bit (8 bits don kowane tashoshi na Ja, Kore, da Shudi). Lokacin yana da mahimmanci don watsa bayanai mara kuskure.

• Lokacin Yanayin Gudun Motsa Jiki:
  • T0H (lambar 0, lokacin babba): 300ns ±80ns.
  • T0L (lambar 0, lokacin ƙasa): 900ns ±80ns.
  • T1H (lambar 1, lokacin babba): 900ns ±80ns.
  • T1L (lambar 1, lokacin ƙasa): 300ns ±80ns.
  • RES (Lokacin Sake Saitawa): Dole ne ya fi 50µs na ƙananan siginar don kulle bayanan.
• Tsarin Bayanai:Ana aika bayanai 24-bit a jere don na'ura guda: yawanci G7-G0, R7-R0, B7-B0 (tsari na iya bambanta, duba cikakkun bayanai na tsari).
• Haɗawa a Jere (Cascading):Ana iya haɗa na'urori da yawa a jere. Ƙafar DOUT na na'ura ɗaya tana ciyarwa zuwa ƙafar DIN na na gaba. Bayan karɓar bayananta 24, na'urar ta ci gaba da tura bayanan gaba zuwa DOUT ta atomatik.
• Bayanan Ƙira:
  • Ana ba da shawarar tace RC da resistor na ja sama/ja ƙasa (R1, shawarar 10kΩ zuwa 100kΩ) akan layin bayanai don inganta ingancin siginar.
  • Dole ne a sanya capacitor na bypass na 0.1µF kusa da ƙafar VDD don samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da kariya daga hayaniya.

3. Halayen Lantarki-Haske da Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana fitarwar haske da kaddarorin launi na ƙwayoyin LED, an auna su a ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF) na 5mA da Ta=25°C.

3.1 Ayyukan Haske

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Fitarwar haske ta yau da kullun tana bambanta da launin guntun:
  • Ja (RS): 70 mcd (matsakaicin 28.5, matsakaici 180).
  • Kore (GH): 180 mcd (matsakaicin 140, matsakaici 360).
  • Shudi (BH): 40 mcd (matsakaicin 28.5, matsakaici 72).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar rarraba haske mai faɗi.
• Tsawon Zango:
  • Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λp): Ja ~632nm, Kore ~518nm, Shudi ~468nm.
  • Babban Tsawon Zango (λd): Ja 617.5-629.5nm, Kore 525-540nm, Shudi 465-475nm.
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):Ja ~20nm, Kore ~35nm, Shudi ~25nm.

3.2 Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning System)

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunoni (bins) dangane da ƙarfin hasken. Masu ƙira yakamata su ƙayyade lambobin rukunin da ake buƙata don kamanni iri ɗaya a cikin jeri.

• Rukunonin Ja (RS):N (28.5-45 mcd), P (45-72 mcd), Q (72-112 mcd), R (112-180 mcd).
• Rukunonin Kore (GH):R2 (140-180 mcd), S1 (180-225 mcd), S2 (225-285 mcd), T1 (285-360 mcd).
• Rukunonin Shudi (BH):N (28.5-45 mcd), P (45-72 mcd).

Yardar Kai:Ƙarfin hasken yana da yardar kai na ±11%, kuma babban tsawon zango yana da yardar kai na ±1nm a cikin rukunin.

4. Bayanai na Injiniya, Tattarawa, da Haɗawa

4.1 Girman Kunshin da Tsarin Ƙafar (Pinout)

Na'urar ta zo a cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD. Tsarin gado da aka ba da shawarar shine farkon mataki kuma yakamata a inganta shi don takamaiman hanyoyin samarwa.

• Ayyukan Ƙafar:
  1. DOUT:Fitarwar bayanai don haɗawa a jere zuwa DIN na na'urar ta gaba.
  2. VDD:Shigarwar wutar lantarki (+5V). Yana buƙatar capacitor na bypass na gida na 0.1µF.
  3. DIN:Shigarwar bayanai na jeri don bayanan sarrafa PWM.
  4. GND:Ƙasar gama gari don wutar lantarki da bayanai.

4.2 Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

• Bayanan Reflow:Yana dacewa da daidaitattun bayanai tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki bai wuce 260°C na dakika 10 ba.
• Ƙuntatawa na Wutar Lantarki: Mahimmanci:Mai tuƙin da ke haɗawa yana ba da sarrafa wutar lantarki ta dindindin don LED dangane da shigarwar PWM. Duk da haka, dole ne a daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki na waje (VDD). Ƙarfin wutar lantarki kaɗan na iya haifar da ƙaruwar wutar lantarki mai yawa ta hanyar mai tuƙi da LED, wanda zai haifar da ƙonewa nan take. Daidaitawar ƙarfin wutar lantarki daidai yana da mahimmanci.

4.3 Hatsarin Danshi da Ajiya

Wannan na'ura ce mai saurin kamuwa da danshi (MSD).

• Kafin Buɗewa:Ajiye jakar kariya daga danshi a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH.
• Bayan Buɗewa:"Rayuwar bene" shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan ba a yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan lokacin ba, dole ne a sake sanya sassan da ba a yi amfani da su ba tare da abin bushewa (desiccant).
• Gasasshen (Baking):Idan an wuce rayuwar bene ko katin nuna danshi ya nuna shigar danshi, ana buƙatar gasasshen kafin solder don hana lalacewar "gwauron masara" yayin reflow.

4.4 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

• Tepe da Reel:An tattara shi a cikin tepe mai faɗin 8mm akan reels masu diamita inci 7. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 2000.
• Bayanan Lakabi:Lakabin reels sun haɗa da Lambar Samfur (P/N), yawa (QTY), da mahimman lambobin rarrabawa don Matsayi na Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), Matsayi na Launi/Tsawon Zango (HUE), da Matsayi na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (REF).

5. Abubuwan da Yakamata a Yi la'akari da Tambayoyin da Ake Yi akai-akai (FAQs)

5.1 Da'irar Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Aikace-aikace na asali ya ƙunshi samar da wutar lantarki mai daidaitacce na 5V, microcontroller (MCU) tare da ƙafar I/O ta lambobi wacce za ta iya samar da takamaiman tsarin sadarwa na jeri, da LED. Ƙafar I/O ta MCU tana haɗawa da DIN na farkon LED. Don LED da yawa, ana haɗa su a jere. Ana sanya capacitor na yumbu 0.1µF tsakanin VDD da GND a kowane na'ura. Ana iya sanya resistor na jeri (misali, 100Ω zuwa 470Ω) a jere tare da layin bayanai kusa da MCU don rage ƙara, kodayake takardun bayani suna ba da shawarar tace RC.

5.2 Abubuwan da Yakamata a Yi la'akari Lokacin Ƙira

• Samar da Wutar Lantarki:Yi amfani da samar da wutar lantarki 5V mai daidaitacce. Ripple da hayaniya na iya shafar daidaiton launi da ingancin bayanai.
• Ingancin Layin Bayanai:Don dogayen igiyoyi ko na'urori da yawa a cikin sarkar, lalacewar siginar na iya faruwa. Yi la'akari da amfani da guntu na buffer ko masu tuƙi masu bambanci don sadarwa mai ƙarfi.
• Gudanar da Zafin Jiki:Duk da cewa mai tuƙi yana sarrafa wutar lantarki, LED suna samar da zafi. Don aiki mai girman aiki (high-duty-cycle) ko manyan yanayin zafi na muhalli, tabbatar da isasshen jan ƙarfe na PCB ko dumama don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki.
• Daidaituwar Launi:Saboda bambance-bambancen rarrabawa, don aikace-aikacen nuni na ƙwararru, matakin daidaita launi ta amfani da sarrafa PWM na 8-bit na iya zama dole don samun daidaiton farin batu da kewayon launi a duk faɗin pixels.

5.3 Tambayoyin da Ake Yi akai-akai (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

• Tambaya: Menene matsakaicin wutar lantarki don kowane tashoshi na LED?Amsa: Takardun bayani bai ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (IF) don LED lokacin da mai tuƙi na ciki ke tuƙa su ba. An ƙayyade fitarwar haske a IF=5mA, wanda wataƙila shine saitin wutar lantarki na mai tuƙi don kowane tashoshi. Ƙirar wutar lantarki ta dindindin na mai tuƙi tana kare LED, amma dole ne a kiyaye matsakaicin ƙimar VDD ba za a wuce shi ba.
• Tambaya: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED da microcontroller na 3.3V?Amsa: I. Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na shigarwar dabaru (VIH) yawanci 3.3V ne, wanda ya dace da dabaru na 3.3V. Duk da haka, tabbatar da cewa samar da VDD ya kasance a 5V don mai tuƙi LED ya yi aiki daidai.
• Tambaya: LED nawa zan iya haɗawa a jere?Amsa: Iyaka tana ƙayyade ta ƙimar sabunta bayanai da ingancin siginar. Kowane na'ura yana ƙara ɗan jinkirin yaduwa. Don rafin bayanai na 24-bit kowace na'ura da maƙasudin ƙimar sabuntawa (misali, 60Hz), zaku iya ƙididdige adadin matsakaicin. Tare da agogo na 800kbps, ana iya haɗa ɗaruruwan na'urori don haske mai tsayawa, amma don bidiyo, adadin ya yi ƙasa saboda buƙatar manyan ƙimar sabuntawa.
• Tambaya: Me yasa capacitor na bypass ya zama dole?Amsa: Mai tuƙi IC yana canza wutar lantarki zuwa LED a manyan mitoci (PWM). Wannan yana haifar da faɗuwar wutar lantarki kwatsam akan layin VDD. Capacitor na gida na 0.1µF yana samar da wannan wutar lantarki mai girma a cikin gida, yana hana faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda zai iya sake saita IC ko haifar da flicker, da rage tsangwama na lantarki (EMI).

6. Kwatancen Fasaha da Trends na Masana'antu

6.1 Bambanci da LED na Asali

Babban abin da ya bambanta 19-C47 shine mai tuƙinsa da ke haɗawa. Idan aka kwatanta da LED RGB mai rabuwa wanda ke buƙatar resistors guda uku na iyakance wutar lantarki na waje da mai sarrafa PWM na waje (misali, daga MCU tare da ƙafafun PWM guda uku), wannan na'urar tana sauƙaƙa ƙira. Tana buƙatar layin bayanai guda ɗaya da wutar lantarki kawai, yana rage adadin ƙafar MCU da rikitarwar software don manyan jeri sosai. Rashin daidaito shine ɗan ƙarin farashin ɓangaren da buƙatar sarrafa tsarin sadarwa na jeri.

6.2 Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki akan ka'idar rajistar motsi na shiga-jeri, fita-lokaci don bayanan PWM. Kalmar bayanai ta 24-bit ana buga ta cikin rajista na ciki. Wannan rajista tana sarrafa masu samar da PWM na 8-bit daban-daban don kowane launi. Masu samar da PWM suna daidaita tushen wutar lantarki na dindindin da ke tuƙa ƙwayoyin LED masu dacewa. Idon ɗan adam yana haɗa bugun jini mai sauri na kunna/kashe, yana ganin takamaiman matakin haske don kowane launi na farko, wanda ke haɗuwa don samar da launi na ƙarshe.

6.3 Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin LED masu adireshi yana zuwa ga haɗin kai mafi girma, manyan ƙimar bayanai, da ingantaccen aikin launi. Magada ga PWM na 8-bit (kamar wannan na'urar) sau da yawa suna da fasalin PWM na 16-bit ko mafi girma don dusar ƙanƙara mai santsi da ingantaccen daidaiton launi (kawar da flicker ko canjin launi na ƙananan haske). Tsare-tsare suna zama masu sauri da ƙarfi (misali, ta amfani da coding Manchester ko siginar bambanci). Hakanan akwai motsi zuwa ga haɗawa da sarrafa haske na duniya da ramawa na zafin jiki a cikin mai tuƙi IC. 19-C47 yana wakiltar mafita mai cikakken girma, mai tsada don yawancin manyan aikace-aikacen haske da nuni na cikakken launi.