Bayanin Fasaha na SMD RGB LED 12-23C - Kaset na 8mm - Wutar Lantarki 5V - Sarrafa PWM na Grayscale 256 - Takardun Fasaha na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Na'urar 12-23C ƙaramin na'ura ne mai haɗawa da ƙananan guntu na LED guda uku (Ja, Kore, Shudi) tare da keɓaɓɓen mai tuƙi na tashoshi 3 mai ci gaba da gudana. Wannan haɗin yana ba da damar samun cikakken launi tare da sarrafa lambobi daidai a cikin ƙaramin kunshin ɗaya. Babban fa'idarsa shine yana ba da damar ƙirar PCB mai yawa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai launi mai ƙarfi, wanda ake sarrafawa da ƙarfi ba tare da rikitarwar da'irori na waje ba.

Babban aikin yana gudana ne ta hanyar da'irar da ke karɓar siginar bayanan lambobi na jeri. Wannan siginar yana ɗauke da bayanai na bit 24 (bit 8 a kowane tashoshi na launi), wanda ke ba da damar matakan grayscale 256 na keɓance ga kowane launi, wanda ke haifar da haɗuwar launuka sama da miliyan 16. Ana kunshin na'urar a kan kaset mai faɗin 8mm kuma ana samar da ita akan reels mai diamita 7-inch, wanda ya sa ta dace da kayan aikin haɗawa da sauri na atomatik.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Waɗannan matsayi suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Dole ne a ci gaba da aiki a cikin waɗannan iyakokin koyaushe.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (VDD):+3.8V zuwa +5.5V. Wannan shine kewayon ƙarfin lantarki don dabaru da da'irar sarrafa mai tuƙi na ciki.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Fitowa (VOUT):Matsakaicin 17V. Wannan matsayi ya shafi ƙarfin jure ƙarfin lantarki na fitar da transistors na mai tuƙi na ciki da aka haɗa zuwa anodes na LED.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Shigarwa (VIN):-0.5V zuwa VDD+0.5V. Ya shafi filayen shigar da lambobi (DIN). Wucewa wannan zai iya lalata tsarin kariya na shigarwa.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):2000V (Tsarin Jikin Mutum). Yana nuna matsakaicin matakin kariya na ESD; har yanzu ana ba da shawarar hanyoyin sarrafawa daidai.
• Zazzabi na Aiki (Topr):-20°C zuwa +70°C. Kewayon zafin yanayi don aiki mai dogaro.
• Zazzabi na Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
• Zazzabin Solder:An ƙididdige na'urar don solder reflow tare da matsakaicin zazzabi na 260°C na dakika 10, ko solder na hannu a 350°C na dakika 3.

2.2 Sharuɗɗan Aiki da Ake Ba da Shawara

Waɗannan su ne sharuɗɗan don mafi kyawun aiki da tabbatar da aiki.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (VDD):5.0V (Na al'ada). An ƙera na'urar don samar da dabaru na 5V.
• Matakan Dabaru na Shigarwa:
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Shigarwa Mai Girma (VIH): Mafi ƙarancin 0.7*VDD. Dole ne siginar ya kasance sama da wannan matakin don a gane shi azaman dabaru '1'.
  • Ƙarfin Wutar Shigarwa Ƙananan (VIL): Matsakaicin 0.3*VDD. Dole ne siginar ya kasance ƙasa da wannan matakin don a gane shi azaman dabaru '0'.
• Jinkirin Yaduwa (TPLZ):Matsakaicin 300 ns. Wannan shine lokacin jinkiri don siginar bayanai ya yadu daga filin DIN zuwa filin DOUT, yana da mahimmanci don tantance matsakaicin saurin watsa bayanai a cikin tsarin daisy-chained.
• Lokacin Faɗuwar Fitowa (TTHZ):Matsakaicin 20 µs don tashoshin fitarwa na R/G/B. Wannan yana shafar halayen sauyawa na PWM.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Shigarwa (CI):Matsakaicin 15 pF. Nauyin capacitive da filin DIN ya gabatar.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki da Na'urar Gani

An auna a cikin gaba na gaba (IF) na 5mA a kowane guntu launi da zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):
  • Ja (RS): Ƙimar al'ada tana kewayo daga 22.5 mcd zuwa 72.0 mcd, dangane da takamaiman kwandon.
  • Kore (GH): Ƙimar al'ada tana kewayo daga 45.0 mcd zuwa 140.0 mcd.
  • Shudi (BH): Ƙimar al'ada tana kewayo daga 18.0 mcd zuwa 57.0 mcd.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 130 (Na al'ada). Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa sifa ce ta ruwan tabarau na resin mai yaduwa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λp):
  • Ja: 632 nm
  • Kore: 518 nm
  • Shudi: 468 nm
• Babban Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (λd):Tsawon raƙuman launin da ake gani.
  • Ja: 617.5 nm zuwa 629.5 nm
  • Kore: 525.0 nm zuwa 540.0 nm
  • Shudi: 464.5 nm zuwa 476.5 nm
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):
  • Ja: 20 nm
  • Kore: 35 nm
  • Shudi: 25 nm

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana rarraba na'urar zuwa kwanduna bisa mahimman sigogin gani don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin rukunin samarwa.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken (Luminous Intensity Binning)

Ana rarraba kowane guntu launi daban. Lambar kwandon (misali, M2, N1, P2) tana ayyana mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin kewayon ƙarfin haske a IF=5mA. Misali, guntu Ja a cikin kwandon P1 yana da ƙarfi tsakanin 45.0 da 57.0 mcd. Takardun bayanan suna ba da cikakkun teburi don Ja (RS), Kore (GH), da Shudi (BH). Ana amfani da jurewar ±11% ga ƙarfin haske.

3.2 Rarraba Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (Dominant Wavelength Binning)

Kamar ƙarfi, ana rarraba babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa kuma don sarrafa wurin launi. Misali, guntu Kore a cikin kwandon 'Y' yana da babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa tsakanin 525.0 nm da 530.0 nm. Takardun bayanan suna ba da teburi don duk launuka uku. An ƙayyade jurewar ±1nm don babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa.

4. Binciken Aiki da Lokaci

4.1 Tsarin Lokaci da Tsarin Sadarwa

Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin sadarwa na jeri mai waya ɗaya. Ana buga bayanai a kan gefen tashi na siginar. Tsarin yana ayyana matakan dabaru guda biyu: lambar '0' da lambar '1', kowannensu yana da takamaiman buƙatun lokacin sama (T1H, T0H) da lokacin ƙasa (T1L, T0L).

• T0H:300 ns ±80 ns (lambar 0, lokacin matakin sama).
• T0L:900 ns ±80 ns (lambar 0, lokacin matakin ƙasa).
• T1H:900 ns ±80 ns (lambar 1, lokacin matakin sama).
• T1L:300 ns ±80 ns (lambar 1, lokacin matakin ƙasa).
• RES (Lokacin Sake Saitawa):>50 µs. Siginar ƙasa akan DIN wanda ya wuce wannan yana sake saita rajistar motsi na ciki kuma yana kulle bayanan zuwa fitarwa.

Ana watsa bayanai na bit ashirin da huɗu a jere: yawanci bit 8 don Kore, bit 8 don Ja, da bit 8 don Shudi (tsari na GRB). Bayanan na na'urori da yawa za a iya haɗa su da daisy-chained daga DOUT na na'ura ɗaya zuwa DIN na na gaba.

4.2 Da'irar Aikace-aikace

Don tsarin 5V, takardun bayanan suna ba da shawarar sanya capacitor na decoupling na 0.1 µF tsakanin filayen AVDD (wutar lantarki) da GND, wanda aka sanya shi kusa da na'urar gwargwadon yiwu don rage amo da tabbatar da aiki mai ƙarfi. Mai tuƙi na ciki nau'in ci gaba ne; duk da haka, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsayi yana nuna cewa ana iya buƙatar resistors masu iyakancewa na waje dangane da ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi (ƙarfin lantarki a anode na LED, wanda ya fi VDD girma) don hana yanayin wuce gona da iri. Ana ƙayyade ƙimar resistor na musamman ta hanyar LED da ake niyya da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na guntu LED a wannan lokacin.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar tana da ƙaramin ƙafar SMD. Zanen girma yana nuna girman jiki da tsarin jagora. Duk jurewar da ba a ƙayyade ba ±0.1mm ne. Pinout kamar haka ne:

1. DIN:Shigar da Bayanai don siginar sarrafa jeri.
2. GND:Ƙasa gama gari don bayanai da wutar lantarki.
3. DOUT:Fitar da Bayanai don haɗawa da daisy-chained zuwa na'urar ta gaba.
4. AVDD:Shigar da wutar lantarki, haɗa zuwa +5V.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin kunshin mai jure danshi.

• Kaset ɗin Dauka:Kaset mai faɗin 8mm akan reel mai diamita 7-inch. Kowane reel yana ɗauke da guda 2000.
• Hankalin Danshi:Abubuwan suna da hankali ga danshi (mai yiwuwa MSL 3 ko makamantansu). Abubuwan kariya sun haɗa da:
  • Ajiya kafin buɗe jaka: ≤30°C / ≤90% RH.
  • Rayuwar bene bayan buɗe jaka: sa'o'i 24 a ≤30°C / ≤60% RH.
  • Dole ne a sake sanya sassan da ba a yi amfani da su ba tare da desiccant idan sun wuce rayuwar bene.
  • Ana buƙatar gasa idan mai nuna desiccant ya nuna cikakkiyar cikawa ko lokacin ajiya ya wuce.
• Girman Reel da Kaset:An ba da cikakkun zane-zane don reel, aljihun kaset ɗin dauka, da kaset ɗin murfi.
• Bayanin Lakabi:Lakabin reel ya haɗa da filayen don Lambar Sashen Abokin Ciniki (CPN), Lambar Samfur (P/N), Yawa (QTY), da takamaiman lambobin Rarraba don Ƙarfin Hasken (CAT), Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa (HUE), da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (REF).

6. Jagororin Solder, Haɗawa, da Amfani

6.1 Daidaituwar Tsarin Solder

12-23C ya dace da duka hanyoyin solder reflow na infrared da tururi, yana bin bayanin martaba tare da matsakaicin zazzabi na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10. Hakanan an ƙididdige shi don solder na hannu a 350°C na dakika 3. Samfurin ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da ka'idojin marasa halogen (Br <900ppm, Cl <900ppm, Br+Cl <1500ppm).

6.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Kula Lokacin Amfani

• Kariya daga Wuce Gona da Iri:Ya zama dole a yi amfani da resistors na iyakancewa na waje a jere tare da kowane tashoshi na launi na LED. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana da ƙimar zazzabi mara kyau, ma'ana ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa yayin da zazzabi ya tashi. Ba tare da resistors ba, ko da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko zazzabin haɗuwa zai iya haifar da guduwar zafi da gazawar na'urar.
• Abubuwan Kula na ESD:Duk da an ƙididdige shi don 2000V HBM, yakamata a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD na al'ada yayin haɗawa da sarrafawa.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Matsakaicin zazzabin haɗin aiki yana iyakance ta hanyar mai tuƙi IC da guntu LED. Yakamata a yi amfani da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB (taushi na zafi) don filin GND don watsar da zafi, musamman lokacin tuƙi LED a mafi girma na yanzu.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zukata

7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Nunin Bidiyo na LED na Ciki/Waje:Mai kyau don nunin ma'auni mai laushi saboda ƙananan girman, haɗaɗɗen mai tuƙi, da ikon daisy-chain.
• Tsirarun Hasken LED Mai Cikakken Launi:Yana ba da damar tsirarun hasken RGB masu adireshi, masu shirye-shirye.
• Hasken Kayan Ado na LED:Hasken gine-gine, alamar kasuwanci, da hasken yanayi.
• Hasken Baya:Don allunan kayan aiki, maɓalli, LCDs, da alamomi inda ake son launi mai ƙarfi.
• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Alamomin matsayi da hasken baya na maɓalli.

7.2 Abubuwan Ɗauka a Zukata Lokacin Ƙira

• Wutar Lantarki:Yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai tsabta, daidaitacce na 5V. Capacitor na decoupling na 0.1µF yana da mahimmanci don jure amo.
• Ingancin Layin Bayanai:Don dogayen daisy chains ko bayanai masu sauri, yi la'akari da ƙimar gano da yuwuwar buƙatar resistor na jeri kusa da fitarwa mai tuƙi don rage ƙara.
• Saitin Yanzu:Yi lissafin ƙimar resistor na waje (Rext) ta amfani da dabara: Rext = (Vdrain - Vf_led - Vds_sat) / Iled_target. Inda Vdrain shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki na anode (<17V), Vf_led shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a lokacin da ake niyya, Vds_sat shine ƙarfin lantarki na cikakken transistor na fitarwa mai tuƙi (daga takardun bayanan mai tuƙi IC, idan akwai), kuma Iled_target shine LED da ake so na yanzu (misali, 5mA don ma'auni).
• Daidaiton Launi:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar launi iri ɗaya, ƙayyade lambobin rarraba masu ƙarfi (CAT da HUE) daga mai samarwa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban bambancin 12-23C shine haɗa guntu LED da mai tuƙi IC. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED masu keɓance tare da mai tuƙi IC daban, wannan mafita tana ba da:

• Rage Ƙididdigar Abubuwan:Ƙananan sassa don sanyawa da solder.
• Ƙaramin Ƙafar Ƙafa:Yana ba da damar ƙira mai yawa.
• Sauƙaƙan Tsarin PCB:Babu buƙatar karkatar da alamun mai tuƙi masu ƙarfi daga IC na tsakiya zuwa LED masu nisa.
• Sauƙin Sarrafa Lambobi:Layin bayanai guda ɗaya yana sarrafa launi da haske, yana rage adadin fil ɗin microcontroller da rikitarwar software idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa PWM na analog na tashoshi daban-daban.
• Daisy-Chaining:Yana sauƙaƙa wayoyi don jerin layi kamar tsirarun haske.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha)

Q: Menene matsakaicin ƙimar bayanai da zan iya amfani da ita?

A: Abin da ke iyakance shine jinkirin yaduwa (300ns max) da buƙatun lokaci don T0H/T1H. Kiyasin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya don lokacin bayanai shine kusan 1.2µs (T0H+T0L don '0'), wanda ke fassara zuwa ƙimar bayanai kusan 833 kHz. Duk da haka, lokacin sake saita (50µs) tsakanin firam ɗin zai rage ƙimar sabunta tasiri.

Q: Zan iya tuƙi LED a fiye da 5mA?

A: Takardun bayanan kawai suna ƙayyade halaye a 5mA. Tuƙi a mafi girma na yanzu zai ƙara fitarwa mai haske amma kuma zai ƙara watsar da wutar lantarki, zazzabin haɗuwa, kuma yana iya rage rayuwa. Matsakaicin yanzu yana iyakance ta ikon mai tuƙi IC da ƙididdigar LED na kanta, waɗanda ba a cikakken bayani a nan ba. Rage ƙima da binciken zafi suna da mahimmanci.

Q: Ta yaya zan iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na waje?

A: Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashe na 7.2. Kuna buƙatar lanƙwan Vf na LED (sau da yawa ana ƙiyasta daga ƙimar al'ada a cikin takardun bayanan) da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na samar da ku na anode (Vdrain). Vdrain na gama gari shine 12V. Misali don LED Ja a 5mA: Idan Vf_red ≈ 2.0V da Vds_sat ≈ 0.6V, to R = (12V - 2.0V - 0.6V) / 0.005A = 1880 Ω. Yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima mafi kusa.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin tsawon raƙuman ruwa da babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa?

A: Matsakaicin tsawon raƙuman ruwa (λp) shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa a mafi girman matsayi a cikin lanƙwan rarraba ƙarfin bakan na LED. Babban tsawon raƙuman ruwa (λd) shine tsawon raƙuman ruwa na haske mai launi ɗaya wanda ya dace da launin da ake gani na LED. λd ya fi dacewa don haɗa launi da aikace-aikacen nuni.

10. Ka'idojin Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki akan ƙa'ida mai sauƙi. Rajistar motsi na ciki tana karɓar bayanan jeri akan filin DIN. Ana buga waɗannan bayanan bit ta bit bisa lokacin siginar shigarwa. Bayan an karɓi bit 24, siginar ƙasa akan DIN wanda ya wuce lokacin RES (50µs) yana kulle waɗannan bayanan zuwa rajistar riƙewa. Ƙimar rajistar riƙewa tana sarrafa janareta daban-daban na faɗaɗa faɗin bugun jini (PWM) guda uku, ɗaya don kowane tashoshi na launi (Ja, Kore, Shudi). Kowane ƙimar bit 8 (0-255) yana saita aikin haƙƙin aikinsa na janareta PWM, ta haka yana sarrafa matsakaicin yanzu, don haka hasken kowane guntu LED akan lokaci. Idon ɗan adam yana haɗa wannan ƙyalli mai sauri, yana ganinsa azaman launi mai ƙarfi tare da daidaitaccen ƙarfi. Fitar DOUT yana ba da kwafin bayanan shigarwa, yana ba da damar haɗawa da daisy-chained ga marasa iyaka na na'urori masu zuwa.