SMD RGB LED Mai Haɗe da IC A Ciki - 5.0x5.0x1.6mm - 4.2-5.5V - 358mW - Ruwan Tabarau Mai Watsawa Fari - Takardun Bayani na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kayan aikin SMD LED wanda ya haɗa guntuwar semiconductor ja, kore, da shuɗi (RGB) tare da keɓaɓɓen kewayawa mai tuki (IC) a cikin fakitin guda ɗaya mai ƙarami. Wannan mafita mai haɗaka an tsara ta don sauƙaƙe aikace-aikacen kwarara mai dorewa ga masu ƙira, tare da kawar da buƙatar resistors masu iyakancewar waje ko hadaddun kewayawar tuki don kowane tashar launi. An sanya na'urar a cikin fakitin ruwan tabarau mai watsawa fari, wanda ke taimakawa wajen haɗa hasken daga guntuwar launi ɗaya don samar da mafi daidaitaccen fitarwa mai watsawa, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuna alama da kayan ado.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idar wannan ɓangaren shine matakin haɗakarsa mai girma. Ta hanyar haɗa IC mai tuki PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mai kwarara mai dorewa na 8-bit, yana ba da sarrafa dijital daidai akan hasken kowane launin RGB tare da matakai daban-daban 256, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar haɗuwar launuka sama da miliyan 16.7. Ka'idar watsa bayanai ta sarkar waya ɗaya tana ba da damar haɗa raka'a da yawa kuma a sarrafa su daga fil ɗaya na microcontroller, yana rage hadaddun wayoyi da buƙatun I/O na mai sarrafa sosai a cikin aikace-aikacen LED da yawa.

Wannan ya sa ɓangaren ya dace musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari da masu kula da farashi waɗanda ke buƙatar tasirin haske mai launuka da yawa ko cikakken launi. Kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, masu nuna matsayi a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci da na hanyoyin sadarwa, hasken baya na gaban allon, tsiri na hasken kayan ado, cikakkun modules, da abubuwan nunin bidiyo na LED na cikin gida ko alamun kasuwa. Fakitin ya dace da kayan aikin haɗawa da sanya kai tsaye da daidaitaccen tsarin siyar da IR (infrared) reflow, yana sauƙaƙe samarwa mai yawa.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rarraba Wutar Lantarki (P_D): 358 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin jimlar wutar da fakitin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi. Wucewa wannan iyaka yana haifar da haɗarin zafi mai yawa ga IC na ciki da guntuwar LED.
• Kewayon Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_DD): +4.2V zuwa +5.5V. An tsara IC ɗin da aka haɗa don wutar lantarki na 5V na al'ada. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki a waje da wannan kewayon na iya lalata kewayawar sarrafawa.
• Jimlar Halin Gaba (I_F): 65 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin jimlar igiyoyin ruwa ta hanyar tashoshin Ja, Kore, da Shuɗi tare.
• Zafin Aiki (T_a): -40°C zuwa +85°C. An ba da garantin cewa na'urar za ta yi aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin yanayi.
• Zafin Ajiya: -40°C zuwa +100°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki ba a cikin wannan kewayon mai faɗi.

2.2 Halayen Gani

An auna shi a zafin yanayi (T_a) na 25°C da ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_DD) na 5V tare da saita duk tashoshin launi zuwa mafi haske (data = 8'b11111111).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):
  • Ja (AlInGaP): 600 - 1200 mcd (Na al'ada)
  • Kore (InGaN): 1100 - 2200 mcd (Na al'ada)
  • Shuɗi (InGaN): 270 - 540 mcd (Na al'ada)
  Guntun kore yawanci yana nuna mafi girman fitarwa, sannan ja, sannan shuɗi. Wannan rashin daidaituwa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin LED na RGB kuma dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a cikin algorithms na haɗa launuka don cimma ma'anar fari ko launi na musamman.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2): digiri 120. Wannan faɗaɗɗen kusurwar dubawa, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimarsa akan-axis, yana da halayen ruwan tabarau mai watsawa fari, yana samar da faɗaɗɗen tsarin fitar da haske mai laushi wanda ya dace da hasken yanki.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):
  • Ja: 615 - 630 nm
  • Kore: 515 - 530 nm
  • Shuɗi: 455 - 470 nm
  Waɗannan kewayon suna ayyana ainihin launin hasken da kowane guntun ke fitarwa. Takamaiman kwandon a cikin waɗannan kewayon don wani raka'a yana ƙayyade daidaitattun madaidaitan launinsa.

2.3 Halayen Lantarki

An ƙayyade shi akan cikakken kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) da kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki (4.2V zuwa 5.5V).

• IC Fitar da Halin yanzu kowane Tasha (I_F): 20 mA (Na al'ada). Mai tuki na IC da aka haɗa yana daidaita halin yanzu da aka ba da kowane guntun LED Ja, Kore, da Shuɗi zuwa wannan ƙima mai dorewa, yana tabbatar da tsayayyen haske da daidaiton launi ba tare da la'akari da bambance-bambancen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ba.
• Matakan Shigar da Dabaru:
  • Babban Matakin Shigar da Ƙarfin Lantarki (V_IH): 2.7V mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa V_DD. Ya dace da fitarwar microcontroller na 3.3V da 5V.
  • Ƙananan Matakin Shigar da Ƙarfin Lantarki (V_IL): 0V zuwa 1.0V matsakaici.
• IC Quiescent Halin yanzu (I_DD): 1.5 mA (Na al'ada). Wannan shine halin yanzu da mai tuki na IC da aka haɗa ya cinye shi da kansa lokacin da duk fitarwar LED ta kashe (duk bit ɗin data suna '0').

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

3.1 CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Binning

Takardar tana ba da teburin kwandon launi dangane da madaidaitan launi na CIE 1931 (x, y). An gwada hasken da aka fitar daga kowane LED kuma an rarraba shi zuwa takamaiman kwandon (misali, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3). An ayyana kowane kwandon ta wurin yanki mai siffar huɗu akan zanen launi, wanda aka ƙayyade ta maki huɗu (x, y). Haƙuri don sanyawa a cikin kwandon shine +/- 0.01 a cikin duka madaidaitan x da y. Wannan binning yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi tsakanin nau'ikan samarwa daban-daban. Masu ƙira za su iya ƙayyade lambar kwandon lokacin yin oda don cimma mafi dacewar daidaiton launi a aikace-aikacensu, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga nuni ko shigar da LED da yawa inda daidaiton launi ya fi girma.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

4.1 Dangantakar Ƙarfi vs. Tsawon Tsawon (Rarraba Spectral)

Jadawalin da aka bayar (Fig. 1) yana nuna rarraba ƙarfin taurari na dangi don guntuwar Ja, Kore, da Shuɗi. Kowane lanƙwasa yana nuna kololuwa daban-daban wanda ya dace da kewayon tsayin tsayinsa. Lanƙwasa Ja yana tsakiya a kusa da ~625nm, Kore a kusa da ~525nm, da Shuɗi a kusa da ~465nm. Faɗin waɗannan kololuwa (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici) yana rinjayar tsaftar launi; ƙunƙuntattun kololuwa gabaɗaya suna haifar da launuka masu cika. Matsakaicin tsakanin bakan Kore da Ja yana da ƙarami, wanda yana da amfani don cimma gamut mai faɗi.

4.2 Halin yanzu na Gaba vs. Lanƙwasa Ragewa na Zafin Yanayi

Jadawalin (Fig. 2) yana kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin matsakaicin jimlar halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda (I_F) da zafin yanayi na aiki (T_A). Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka yarda yana raguwa a layi daya. Wannan ragewa yana da mahimmanci don hana zafin haɗin guntuwar LED da mai tuki na IC su wuce iyakokin aminci, wanda zai hanzarta lalacewa da rage tsawon rai. A matsakaicin zafin aiki na 85°C, jimlar halin yanzu da aka yarda ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga na 65mA da aka ƙayyade a 25°C. Dole ne a tuntuɓi wannan lanƙwasa don ingantaccen ƙirar zafi.

4.3 Rarraba Sarari (Tsarin Ƙarfin Hasken)

Zanen polar (Fig. 3) yana zana ƙarfin haske na al'ada a matsayin aikin kusurwar dubawa. Plot ɗin ya tabbatar da kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120, yana nuna santsi, kusan rarraba kamar Lambertian na al'ada na ruwan tabarau mai watsawa. Ƙarfin yana da mafi girma a digiri 0 (akan-axis) kuma yana raguwa daidai gwargwado zuwa 50% na kololuwa a +/-60 digiri daga axis.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Fakitin da Tsari

An sanya ɓangaren a cikin fakitin da ake sanyawa a saman tare da jimlar girma kusan 5.0mm tsawon, 5.0mm faɗi, da 1.6mm tsayi (haƙuri ±0.2mm). Fakitin yana da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa fari. Tsarin fil ɗin ya ƙunshi falo huɗu:

1. VSS: Ƙasa (ma'anar 0V).
2. DIN: Shigar da Siginar Bayanan Sarrafawa. Yana karɓar rafin bayanai na jeri don wannan takamaiman LED.
3. DOUT: Fitar da Siginar Bayanan Sarrafawa. Yana tura rafin bayanai da aka karɓa zuwa filin DIN na LED na gaba a cikin sarkar daisy.
4. VDD: Shigar da Wutar Lantarki DC (+4.2V zuwa +5.5V).

5.2 Shawararriyar Tsarin Filin Haɗin PCB

An ba da zanen tsarin ƙasa don jagorantar ƙirar allon kewayawa (PCB). Yin bin waɗannan shawarwarin girma da tazara na fil ɗin yana tabbatar da samar da haɗin gwiwar giciye yayin reflow, ingantaccen haɗin lantarki, da isasshen ƙarfin injiniya. Ƙirar yawanci ta haɗa da haɗin kai na thermal da buɗe abin rufe fuska mai dacewa.

6. Jagororin Siyayya da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Siffar Siyayya ta IR Reflow

An ba da shawarar bayanin reflow na infrared (IR), wanda ya dace da ma'aunin J-STD-020B don hanyoyin siyar da maras gubar. Jadawalin bayanin yana nuna mahimman ma'auni: dumama, jiƙa, kololuwar zafin reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yawanci bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin zafin ajiya na ɓangaren (100°C) da wani babban tazara fiye da takamaiman lokaci don guje wa lalacewar fakitin filastik ko damuwa na ciki. Bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantattun haɗin gwiwar giciye ba tare da sanya LED da IC ɗin da aka haɗa ga girgizar zafi ba.

6.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan siyarwa, ana iya nutsar da ɓangaren a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. An haramta amfani da masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai waɗanda ba a bayyana su ba ko masu tsauri saboda suna iya lalata ruwan tabarau na filastik ko kayan fakitin.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kaset da Reel

Ana ba da abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin kaset ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto tare da murfin kariya, wanda aka nannade a kan reels masu diamita 7-inch (178mm). Faɗin kaset ɗin shine 12mm. Matsakaicin adadin shirya shine guda 1000 a kowace reel, tare da mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na guda 500 don reels na ɓangare. An ba da cikakkun girma don aljihun kaset ɗin da reel ɗin don tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Hasken Matsayi da Nuna Alama: Masu nuna matsayi masu launuka da yawa a cikin na'urorin sadarwa, hanyoyin sadarwa, da kayan masana'antu.
• Hasken Kayan Ado da Gine-gine: Tsiri na LED, hasken yanayi, da canza launi a cikin samfuran mabukaci.
• Hasken Baya: Hasken baya na gaban allon ko tambari tare da tasirin launi mai ƙarfi.
• Nuni Masu Cikakken Launi: A matsayin pixels ɗaya a cikin ƙananan ƙuduri na cikakken launi na LED na cikin gida, allunan saƙo, ko allunan haske mai laushi.

8.2 Abubuwan Da Ake La'akari Da Ƙira

• Wutar Lantarki: Tabbatar da tsaftataccen, ƙa'idar wutar lantarki 5V tare da isasshen ƙarfin halin yanzu don adadin LED da aka yi amfani da su. Yi la'akari da halin yanzu na shiga lokacin da LED da yawa suka kunna lokaci guda.
• Ingancin Siginar Bayanai: Don dogayen sarkar daisy ko manyan ƙimar bayanai, yi la'akari da buffer na sigina ko canza matakin idan microcontroller yana aiki a 3.3V, kamar yadda V_IHmafi ƙanƙanta shine 2.7V.
• Gudanar da Zafi: Ku bi lanƙwasa rage halin yanzu (Fig. 2). Ka ba da isasshen yanki na tagulla akan PCB a ƙarƙashin da kewaye da filayen LED don zama mai sanyaya zafi, musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen haske mai girma ko babban zafin yanayi.
• Haɗa Launi: Software ko firmware dole ne su yi la'akari da ƙarfin haske daban-daban na tashoshin R, G, da B (kamar yadda ƙimar al'ada a sashe na 2.2) don cimma daidaitaccen haɗa launuka da ma'anar fari tsaka tsaki.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Babban abin banbance wannan ɓangaren idan aka kwatanta da LED na RGB na al'ada mai hankali shine haɗakar mai tuki mai kwarara mai dorewa tare da sarrafa PWM na dijital. LED na RGB mai hankali yana buƙatar resistors daban-daban guda uku masu iyakancewar halin yanzu (ko mafi hadaddun nutsewar kwarara mai dorewa) da tashoshin PWM guda uku na microcontroller don sarrafawa. Wannan mafita mai haɗaka tana ƙarfafa kewayawar mai tuki, tana rage adadin abubuwan da ke kan PCB, tana sauƙaƙe firmware (ta amfani da ka'idar jeri maimakon na'urori masu auna lokaci na PWM da yawa), kuma tana ba da damar sauƙin sarkar daisy don shigarwa mai iya aunawa. Ciniki shine ɗan ƙarin farashi na raka'a da saitin halin yanzu mai ƙarfi (yawanci 20mA).

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

10.1 Nawa daga cikin waɗannan LED ɗin zan iya sarkar daisy?

A ka'ida, adadi mai yawa, kamar yadda kowane LED ke sake haifarwa da sake watsa siginar bayanai. Iyakar aiki ana ƙayyade ta ta hanyar ƙimar sabunta da ake so da ingancin siginar bayanai. Jimlar lokacin watsa bayanai don N LED shine N * 24 bits * (1.2 µs ± 300ns) tare da bugun jijiyar sake saiti. Don sabunta fps 30, wannan yana iyakance sarkar zuwa LED ɗari da yawa. Lalacewar sigina a kan dogayen sarkoki na iya buƙatar haɓaka sigina na lokaci-lokaci.

10.2 Zan iya tuka wannan LED da microcontroller 3.3V?

Ee, babban ƙarfin lantarki na shigarwa (V_IH) ƙayyadaddun 2.7V mafi ƙanƙanta ya dace da babban fitarwar dabaru na 3.3V (~3.3V). Tabbatar cewa filin GPIO na microcontroller zai iya samar da / nutse isasshen halin yanzu don shigarwar DIN. Wutar lantarki (V_DD) dole ne har yanzu ya kasance tsakanin 4.2V da 5.5V.

10.3 Me yasa matsakaicin jimlar halin yanzu 65mA ne idan kowane tasha 20mA?

20mA kowane tasha shine halin yanzu na aiki na al'ada wanda mai tuki na ciki ya saita. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga na 65mA shine iyakar damuwa ga dukan fakitin, la'akari da haɗakar zafin da duk LED guda uku suka haifar da mai tuki na IC yana aiki lokaci guda a matsakaicin haske. Lanƙwasa ragewa (Fig. 2) yana nuna cewa a manyan yanayin zafi, halin yanzu na aiki mai aminci yana da ƙasa sosai fiye da 65mA.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar zoben haske na kayan ado mai canza launi na LED 16.Za a shirya LED ɗin a cikin da'ira kuma a sarkar daisy. Wutar lantarki 5V, 1A guda ɗaya zai isa (LED 16 * ~1.5mA IC quiescent halin yanzu + LED 16 * tashoshi 3 * 20mA matsakaici * aikin hidima). Microcontroller (misali, Arduino ko ESP32) zai buƙaci fil ɗin GPIO ɗaya kawai wanda aka haɗa zuwa DIN na farkon LED. Firmware ɗin zai ƙirƙiri rafin bayanai wanda ya ƙunshi ƙimar launi na 24-bit (8 bits kowane don R, G, B) don duk LED 16, sannan kuma bugun jijiyar sake saiti. Ana aika wannan rafin ci gaba don ƙirƙirar raye-raye. Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa fari yana tabbatar da cewa maki LED ɗaya suna haɗuwa cikin zobe mai santsi na haske.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki akan ka'idar sadarwa ta jeri ta dijital. IC ɗin da aka haɗa yana ƙunshe da rajista na motsi da latches don kowane tashar launi. Ana shigar da rafin bayanai na jeri cikin IC ta hanyar filin DIN. Kowane bit ɗin bayanai ana wakilta shi ta hanyar lokacin bugun jini mai girma a cikin takamaiman lokaci na 1.2µs. Bit '0' ɗin gajeren bugun jini ne (~300ns), kuma bit '1' ɗin dogon bugun jini ne (~900ns). Bit ɗin farko 24 da aka karɓa sun dace da ƙimar haske na 8-bit don Kore, Ja, da Shuɗi (yawanci a cikin wannan tsari, GRB). Bayan karɓar bit ɗinsa 24, IC ɗin yana sake watsa duk bit ɗin da ke gaba daga fil ɗin DOUT, yana ba da damar bayanan suyi sarkar. Sigina mai ƙanƙanta akan DIN wanda ya wuce 250µs (RESET) yana haifar da duk ICs a cikin sarkar don ɗaure bayanan da suka karɓa cikin masu tuki na fitarwa, suna sabunta hasken LED lokaci guda.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Haɗakar masu tuki na IC kai tsaye cikin fakitin LED yana wakiltar babban yanayi a cikin ƙirar ɓangaren LED, yana matsawa zuwa mafita na \"LED mai hankali\". Wannan yanayin yana rage hadaddun tsarin, yana inganta amincin ta hanyar rage haɗin waje, kuma yana ba da damar sarrafawa mafi ƙware (kamar adireshin ɗaya). Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da mafi girman haɗakarwa (haɗa microcontroller ko masu sarrafa mara waya), ingantaccen daidaiton launi ta hanyar daidaitawa akan-chip, mafi girman ƙudurin PWM (10-bit, 12-bit, 16-bit) don mafi kyawun sarrafa launi, da ingantattun ka'idodin sadarwa tare da manyan ƙimar bayanai da gyara kuskure don ingantattun manyan shigarwa.