SMD RGB LED Mai Haɗa IC A Ciki - Sarrafa Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu - 5V - 65mA - Ruwan Tabarau Mai Watsawa - Takardun Fasaha Na Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin SMD RGB LED wanda ya haɗa da'urar kula da kewayawa da guntu na RGB a cikin kunshi ɗaya. Wannan ƙirar haɗe-haɗe ta samar da cikakken ma'auni mai iya magana da kansa, wanda ya kawar da buƙatar na'urar tuƙi ta waje don aiki mai ƙarfin halin yanzu. An ƙera na'urar don haɗawa ta atomatik ta PCB kuma ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari a cikin faɗin kayan aikin lantarki.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idar wannan kayan aiki ita ce ƙirarta ta haɗa kai ɗaya. Ta hanyar haɗa na'urar tuƙi ta 8-bit, tana ba da sarrafa PWM mai ƙarfin halin yanzu ga kowane guntu na ja, kore, da shuɗi. Wannan yana ba da damar kowane launi na farko ya cimma matakan haske 256, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar fiye da launuka miliyan 16.7 daban-daban. An sauƙaƙe watsa siginar tsakanin raka'a da yawa ta hanyar tashar haɗawa ta waya ɗaya. Manyan fasalulluka sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin RoHS, kunshin da ya dace da kayan aikin sanya kai ta atomatik, da dacewa da hanyoyin gyarawa ta infrared reflow. Aikace-aikacensa na nufi ya haɗa da sadarwa, sarrafa ofis, kayan aikin gida, kayan aikin masana'antu, alamomin yanayi, hasken baya na allon gaba, sassa masu launi cikakke, hasken kayan ado, da nunin bidiyo na cikin gida.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Fassarar Maƙasudi Mai zurfi

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Aiki da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin. An ƙayyade matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P):358 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin jimlar wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsarwa.
• Kewayon Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (VDD):+4.2V zuwa +5.5V. IC ɗin da aka haɗa yana buƙatar wannan kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki don aiki mai kyau.
• Jimlar Ƙarfin Gaba na DC (IF):65 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin jimlar ƙarfin halin yanzu da za'a iya samarwa ga haɗaɗɗun guntu na RGB.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C.

2.2 Halayen Gani

Ana auna aikin gani a Ta=25°C, VDD=5V, kuma tare da saita duk tashoshin launi zuwa matsakaicin haske (8'b11111111).

• Ƙarfin Haskaka (Iv):
  • Ja (AlInGaP): 340 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 800 mcd (Mafi girma)
  • Kore (InGaN): 600 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 1500 mcd (Mafi girma)
  • Shuɗi (InGaN): 150 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 360 mcd (Mafi girma)
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 120 (Na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi na ƙarfin kan-axis.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λd):
  • Ja: 615 nm zuwa 630 nm
  • Kore: 520 nm zuwa 535 nm
  • Shuɗi: 460 nm zuwa 475 nm

2.3 Halayen Lantarki

An ƙayyade ma'auni na lantarki a kan kewayon zafin yanayi na -20°C zuwa +70°C da kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki (VDD) na 4.2V zuwa 5.5V.

• Ƙarfin Halin Yanzu na IC (IF):20 mA (Na al'ada) kowane tashar launi (Ja, Kore, Shuɗi daban). Wannan shine ƙarfin halin yanzu da aka saita ta hanyar direban da aka haɗa.
• Matakan Ƙarfin Shigarwa:
  • Ƙarfin Shigarwa Babban Mataki (VIH): 2.7V mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa VDD mafi girma don DIN da sauran fil ɗin sarrafawa.
  • Ƙarfin Shigarwa Ƙananan Mataki (VIL): 0V mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa 1.0V mafi girma.
• Ƙarfin Aiki na IC (IDD):1.5 mA (Na al'ada) lokacin da aka saita duk bayanan LED zuwa '0' (yanayin kashe).

2.4 Lokacin Canja wurin Bayanai

IC ɗin da aka haɗa yana amfani da takamaiman ƙa'idar sadarwa ta jeri. Jimlar lokaci na bit ɗaya (TH + TL) shine 1.2μs ±300ns.

• T0H (Lambar 0, lokacin girma):300 ns ±150ns
• T0L (Lambar 0, lokacin ƙasa):900 ns ±150ns
• T1H (Lambar 1, lokacin girma):900 ns ±150ns
• T1L (Lambar 1, lokacin ƙasa):300 ns ±150ns
• RES (Lokacin Sake Saitawa):>250 μs. Sigina ƙasa akan DIN wanda ya wuce wannan yana sake saita IC.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Samfurin yana amfani da tsarin rarraba (binning) dangane da ma'auni na launi na CIE don tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Ana ƙayyade kwandon ta hanyar siffofi huɗu akan zanen launi na CIE 1931 (x, y). Tebur da aka bayar yana jera lambobin kwandon (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3) tare da ma'auni (x, y) don maki huɗu na kusurwoyinsu (Maki1 zuwa Maki4). Tolerancin kowane ma'auni na CIE (x, y) a cikin kwandon shine +/- 0.01. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LED daga lambar kwandon ɗaya don cimma kamanni iri ɗaya na launi a cikin jeri ko nuni.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

4.1 Ƙarfin Dangi vs. Tsawon Zango

Grafin rarraba bakan yana nuna kololuwar fitarwa na launuka uku. LED Ja (ta amfani da fasahar AlInGaP) yana da tsayin zango mai rinjaye a cikin kewayon 615-630nm. LED Kore da Shuɗi (ta amfani da fasahar InGaN) suna da kololuwa a cikin kewayon 520-535nm da 460-475nm, bi da bi. Lanƙwasan suna taimakawa fahimtar tsaftar launi da yuwuwar haɗuwa tsakanin tashoshi.

4.2 Lanƙwasa Rage Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan grafi yana kwatanta matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba da aka halatta don LED a matsayin aikin zafin yanayi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, matsakaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu da aka halatta yana raguwa a layi don hana zafi da yawan zafi da kuma tabbatar da amincin aiki. Wannan grafi ne mai mahimmanci don zanen sarrafa zafi.

4.3 Rarraba Sararin Samaniya (Ƙarfin Haskaka vs. Kusuwa)

Zanen polar yana kwatanta ƙarfin haske na dangi a matsayin aikin kusurwar kallo. Tsarin haske mai siffa, faɗi mai siffa tare da kusurwar kallo digiri 120 ya tabbatar da bayanin ruwan tabarau "mai watsawa fari", yana samar da haske mai faɗi, daidai wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuni da hasken baya.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin da Tsarin Fil

Kayan aikin na'urar haɗawa ne ta saman. Takardun bayanan sun haɗa da cikakken zane mai girma. Duk girmansu suna cikin milimita tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±0.2 mm sai dai idan an lura daban. Tsarin fil yana kamar haka:

1. VDD:Shigar da wutar lantarki ta DC (+4.2V zuwa +5.5V).
2. DIN:Shigar da siginar bayanan sarrafawa.
3. VSS: Ground.
4. DOUT:Fitar da siginar bayanan sarrafawa (don haɗawa zuwa DIN na LED na gaba).

5.2 Tsarin Fil ɗin Haɗawa na PCB da Ake Shawarta

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) don PCB don tabbatar da gyarawa daidai da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya yayin haɗawa. Bin wannan shawarar yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantaccen haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

6.1 Bayanin Yanayin Gyarawa ta IR Reflow

An ba da cikakken grafin bayanin gyarawa ta reflow, wanda ya yi daidai da J-STD-020B don hanyoyin da ba su da gubar. Yana ƙayyade ma'auni masu mahimmanci: dumama kafin, jiƙa, kololuwar zafin reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya. Riƙe da wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don guje wa lalacewar zafi ga kunshin LED da IC na ciki.

6.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa bayan gyarawa ya zama dole, ya kamata a nutsar da LED cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl barasa a yanayin zafi na al'ada na ƙasa da minti ɗaya. An haramta amfani da masu tsaftacewa sinadarai waɗanda ba a bayyana ba saboda suna iya lalata kayan kunshin.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin tsarin tef da reel wanda ya dace da injunan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.

• Girman Tef:Faɗin tef 12mm.
• Girman Reel:Diamita inci 7 (178mm).
• Adadin Kowane Reel:Guda 4000.
• Mafi ƙarancin Adadin Kunshi:Guda 500 don ragowar kuri'a.
• Tef ɗin Rufe:An rufe aljihun kayan aiki mara komai da tef ɗin rufi na sama.
• Ƙayyadaddun:Kunshin ya yi daidai da ka'idojin ANSI/EIA 481.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

• Alamomin Yanayi & Hasken Baya:Mafi dacewa don fitilun yanayi masu launi da yawa akan kayan lantarki na masu amfani, kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, da allunan masana'antu.
• Hasken Kayan Ado & Gine-gine:Ya dace don tsiri na LED masu canza launi, hasken yanayi, da hasken ƙwaƙwalwa saboda ikonsa na launi cikakke da fasalin haɗawa.
• Nunin Ƙananan Ƙuduri:Ana iya amfani da shi don gina sassa masu launi cikakke, fitilun haske mai laushi, da nunin bidiyo na cikin gida marasa ka'ida (misali, facade na kafofin watsa labarai, kayan aikin fasaha).

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya Kamata A Yi La'akari da su a Zane

• Tushen Wutar Lantarki:Tabbatar da ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki 5V a cikin kewayon 4.2V-5.5V. Yi la'akari da ƙarfin halin yanzu na shiga da capacitors ɗin rabuwa kusa da filin VDD.
• Ingancin Siginar Bayanai:Kiyaye takamaiman buƙatun lokaci (T0H, T1H, da sauransu) don siginar bayanai na jeri. Don haɗawa mai tsayi ko yanayi mai hayaniya, yi la'akari da buffer ɗin sigina ko canza mataki.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Ku bi lanƙwasa rage ƙarfin halin yanzu. Samar da isasshen yanki na tagulla akan PCB don watsar da zafi, musamman lokacin tuƙi duk tashoshi uku a babban haske na tsawon lokaci.
• Kariya daga ESD:Aiwatar da matakan kariya na ESD na al'ada akan layukan bayanai da wutar lantarki yayin sarrafawa da kuma a aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na RGB na gargajiya waɗanda ke buƙatar direbobi na waje masu ƙarfin halin yanzu ko masu jurewa, wannan mafita ta haɗawa tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci:

• Sauƙaƙa Zane:Yana rage adadin kayan aiki, sawun ƙafar PCB, da rikitarwar zane.
• Mafi Girman Daidaiton Launi:IC ɗin da aka haɗa yana ba da madaidaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu, mai ƙarfi ga kowane guntu, yana haifar da mafi daidaiton fitar da launi a cikin raka'a da kuma tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da zanen da aka iyakance da mai jurewa.
• Dusar ƙanƙara Mai Ƙuduri Mai Girma:PWM na 8-bit (matakai 256) kowane launi yana ba da damar haɗa launi da dusar ƙanƙara mai santsi, yana ba da damar tasirin haske na ƙwararru.
• Ƙarfin Haɗa Daisy-Chain:Ƙa'idar haɗawa ta waya ɗaya tana sauƙaƙa wiring don manyan jeri, yana buƙatar fil ɗin microcontroller GPIO ɗaya kawai don sarrafa dogon sarkar LED.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Menene manufar IC ɗin da aka haɗa?

A: Yana ba da tuƙi mai ƙarfin halin yanzu da sarrafa dusar ƙanƙara ta PWM ga kowane tashar launi a ciki, yana kawar da buƙatar abubuwan iyakance ƙarfin halin yanzu na waje da sauƙaƙa sarrafa microcontroller.

Q: LED nawa zan iya haɗawa a cikin sarkar?

A: A ka'idar, adadi mai yawa, kamar yadda kowane LED ke sake haifar da siginar bayanai. Iyakar aiki ana ƙayyade ta hanyar ƙimar sabunta bayanai da ake buƙata da tarin raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan layin wutar lantarki (VDD). Don dogayen sarkoki, ana ba da shawarar shigar da wutar lantarki a wurare da yawa.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da microcontroller 3.3V?

A: Matsakaicin matakin shigar bayanai (VIH) mafi ƙanƙanta shine 2.7V. Babban dabaru na 3.3V (yawanci 3.3V) ya cika wannan buƙatar, don haka gabaɗaya ya dace. Tabbatar cewa samar da wutar lantarki 5V don LED (VDD) ya bambanta da samar da microcontroller na 3.3V.

Q: Me ya sa ƙarfin gaba ya tsaya a 20mA?

A: An saita IC ɗin da aka haɗa don isar da madaidaicin 20mA (na al'ada) ga kowane guntu na LED. Wannan yana inganta aiki da amincin aiki. Ana sarrafa haske kawai ta hanyar zagayowar aikin PWM, ba ta hanyar bambanta girman ƙarfin halin yanzu ba.

11. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Zane na ƙanƙanta, alamomin yanayi masu daidaita launi don cibiyar gida mai hankali.

Mai zane yana amfani da wannan LED saboda kayan aiki ɗaya yana samar da hasken ja, kore, da shuɗi. Microcontroller yana aika da siginar bayanai mai sauƙi na jeri don saita launi (misali, ja don kashe layi, cyan don haɗawa, purple don sabuntawa). Tuƙin mai ƙarfin halin yanzu yana tabbatar da haske ya kasance mai ƙarfi ba tare da la'akari da ƙananan sauye-sauyen samar da wutar lantarki ba. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana sa alamar ta bayyana daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Kunshin haɗawa ta saman yana ba da damar zane mai santsi, mai siffar lebur. Kunshin tef da reel yana ba da damar haɗawa ta atomatik cikin sauri yayin samarwa mai yawa.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar tana aiki akan ka'ida mai sauƙi. Microcontroller na waje yana aika da siginar bayanai na jeri cikin filin DIN. Wannan siginar ta ƙunshi bayanai 24 (kashi 8 kowane don matakan haske na ja, kore, da shuɗi). IC ɗin da aka haɗa a cikin LED na farko yana karanta waɗannan bit 24 na farko, yana kulle su, sannan ya canza ragowar siginar bayanai ta hanyar filinsa na DOUT zuwa filin DIN na LED na gaba a cikin sarkar. Daga nan IC ɗin yana amfani da Modulation Faɗin bugun jini (PWM) don sarrafa tushen ƙarfin halin yanzu da aka haɗa zuwa kowane guntu na LED. Ana kunna ƙarfin halin yanzu na 20mA da kashewa cikin sauri sosai. Matsakaicin lokacin kunna zuwa lokacin kashewa (aikin aiki) a cikin takamaiman lokaci yana ƙayyade hasken da ake gani na kowane launi, yana ba da damar haɗa launi daidai.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Haɗa kayan aikin lantarki na sarrafawa kai tsaye cikin kunshin LED yana wakiltar wani bayyanannen yanayi a cikin masana'antu, yana tafiya zuwa "hankali" ko "hankali" LED. Wannan yanayin yana nufin sauƙaƙa zanen samfurin ƙarshe, inganta daidaiton aiki, da ba da damar ƙarin fasali kamar adireshin kai ɗaya a cikin jeri masu yawa. Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da mafi girman bit-depth don sarrafa launi (10-bit, 12-bit), na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka haɗa (misali, don zafi ko amsawar haske), da ƙa'idodin sadarwa waɗanda suka fi ƙarfi ko mafi girma. An ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan ƙara haɗawa, rage farashin tsarin, da inganta amincin aiki don aikace-aikace a cikin hasken gabaɗaya, motoci, da nunin babban ƙuduri.