Takardar Bayani na SMD5050 RGB LED Mai Cikakken Launi - Girman 5.0x5.0mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.2-3.4V - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 0.2W - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

SMD5050 RGB LED mai cikakken launi na'urar haɗawa ce da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi da launuka iri-iri. Tana haɗa guntun semiconductor ja, kore, da shuɗi (RGB) a cikin marufi guda ɗaya mai girman 5.0mm x 5.0mm, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar fa'idodin launuka masu yawa ta hanyar haɗa launuka. An ƙera wannan ɓangaren don fitar da haske mai ƙarfi da aiki mai dogaro a cikin ƙaramin siffa, wanda ya sa ya dace da ƙirar hasken zamani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙarfin haskensa mai ƙarfi, faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120, da ikon samar da miliyoyin launuka ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin diode ja, kore, da shuɗi daban-daban. Ƙirar SMD ɗinta tana sauƙaƙe hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik, yana inganta ingancin masana'antu da daidaito.

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace

An yi niyya ga wannan LED ga masana'antar kayan lantarki na mabukaci, hasken gine-gine, alamun kasuwanci, hasken motoci, da masana'antar nishaɗi. Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun sun haɗa da bangon bidiyo na LED, igiyoyin haske na ado, alamun yanayi, hasken baya na nuni, da tsarin hasken yanayi mai motsi inda ikon canza launi ya zama dole.

2. Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Hoto da Lantarki (Ta=25°C)

Teburin da ke gaba ya ƙididdige mahimman ma'auni na aiki don kowane tashar launi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun. Yana da mahimmanci a bi ƙa'idodin matsakaicin ƙimar don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar na'urar da aikin ta.

Ma'auni	Alama	Matsakaicin Ƙimar	Matsakaicin Ƙimar	Naúrar
Rashin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki	PD	200	306	mW
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba	IF	60	90	mA
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Ja)	VF	2.2	2.6	V
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Kore)	VF	3.2	3.4	V
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Shuɗi)	VF	3.2	3.4	V
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya	VR	-	5	V
Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya	IR	-	≤5	μA
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd) Ja	λd	625	-	nm
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd) Kore	λd	525	-	nm
Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd) Shuɗi	λd	460	-	nm
Kusurwar Kallo (2θ½)	2θ½	120	-	°
Yanayin Zafi na Aiki	Topr	-40 zuwa +80	-	°C
Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya	Tstg	-40 zuwa +80	-	°C
Yanayin Zafi na Haɗuwa	Tj	-	125	°C

2.2 Halayen Zafi

An ƙayyade matsakaicin yanayin zafi na haɗuwa (Tj) a 125°C. Gudanar da zafi mai kyau, gami da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB da yuwuwar sanyaya, yana da mahimmanci lokacin aiki a manyan igiyoyin ruwa ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma don hana lalacewar aiki da gazawar da ba ta daɗe ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba

3.1 Ma'auni na Rarraba Tsawon Tsawon

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon da ya danganci matsakaicin tsawon tsawon fitarwa. Lambobin da ke gaba suna bayyana iyakokin tsawon tsawon don kowane launi.

Lamba	Mafi ƙanƙanta	Mafi girma	Naúrar
R1	620	625	nm
R2	625	630	nm
G5	519	522.5	nm
G6	522.5	526	nm
G7	526	530	nm
B1	445	450	nm
B2	450	455	nm
B3	455	460	nm
B4	460	465	nm

Wannan rarrabuwar yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da daidaitaccen launi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kamanni iri ɗaya na launi, kamar a manyan nunin ko shirye-shiryen haske masu daidaito.

4. Bincike na Maƙallan Aiki

4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Maƙallan IV)

Maƙallan IV yana kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (IF) don guntun ja, kore, da shuɗi. LED ja yawanci yana nuna ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (~2.2V) idan aka kwatanta da LED kore da shuɗi (~3.2V). Wannan halayen yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakancewa ko masu tuƙi na yau da kullun don kowane tashar don cimma daidaitaccen fitarwar launi da hana yanayin wuce gona da iri.

4.2 Ƙarfin Makamashi na Dangantaka vs. Yanayin Zafi na Haɗuwa

Wannan jadawali yana nuna yadda fitarwar haske (ƙarfin makamashi na dangantaka) na kowane guntun launi ya bambanta tare da ƙaruwar yanayin zafi na haɗuwa (Tj). Gabaɗaya, fitarwar haske yana raguwa yayin da yanayin zafi na haɗuwa ya tashi. Ƙimar raguwa na iya bambanta tsakanin kayan semiconductor daban-daban (InGaN don shuɗi/kore da AlInGaP don ja). Yin amfani da sanyaya mai tasiri yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaitaccen fitarwar launi da haske a tsawon rayuwar samfurin.

4.3 Yanayin Zafi na Yanayi vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Aka Ba da Izini

Wannan maƙallan rage ƙimar yana bayyana matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da aka ba da izini a matsayin aikin yanayin zafi na yanayi (Ta). Yayin da yanayin zafi na yanayi ya ƙaru, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba da izini don hana yanayin zafi na haɗuwa ya wuce iyakarsa ta 125°C. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan maƙallan don ƙayyade igiyoyin ruwa masu aminci don yanayin aikace-aikacen su na musamman.

4.4 Tsarin Radiation (Maƙallan Kusurwar Kallo)

Zanen rarraba ƙarfi na polar yana tabbatar da kusurwar kallo na digiri 120. Tsarin fitarwa yawanci na Lambertian ne ko kusa da Lambertian, yana ba da faɗin filin haske mai daidaito wanda ya dace da yawancin hasken gabaɗaya da aikace-aikacen nuni.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi da Zanen Bayani

An sanya LED ɗin a cikin da'irar SMD5050 na yau da kullun tare da girma na 5.0mm (L) x 5.0mm (W). Ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaitaccen tsayi da iyakokin girma (misali, ±0.10mm don girma .X, ±0.05mm don girma .XX) daga cikakken zanen injiniya a cikin takardar bayani ta asali don daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB.

5.2 Shimfidar Pad da aka Ba da Shawara da Ƙirar Stencil

An ba da shimfidar ƙasa (sawun ƙafa) da ƙirar stencil na gwaiduwa da aka ba da shawarar don tabbatar da gwaiduwa mai dogaro. Shimfidar pad yawanci tana da pad guda shida—biyu don kowane guntun launi guda uku, waɗanda ke raba tsarin cathode ko anode na gama gari dangane da lambar sashi ta musamman. Yin bin wannan shimfidar da aka ba da shawarar yana rage lahani na gwaiduwa kamar kabari kuma yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen haɗin zafi da lantarki.

6. Jagororin Gwaiduwa da Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Gwaiduwa na Reflow

Wannan LED ya dace da da'irar gwaiduwa na reflow na infrared (IR) ko convection na yau da kullun da ake amfani da su don fasahar haɗawa da surface (SMT). Matsakaicin bayanin martaba na reflow mara gubar tare da matsakaicin zafi bai wuce 260°C ba na tsawon lokacin da ma'aunin JEDEC ya ƙayyade (misali, dakika 10-30 sama da 240°C) gabaɗaya ya dace. Yana da mahimmanci a guje wa matsanancin damuwa na zafi don hana lalacewa ga igiyoyin lantarki na ciki da ruwan tabarau na epoxy.

6.2 Kula da Sarrafawa da Ajiya

LED suna da hankali ga fitarwa na lantarki (ESD). Koyaushe ku sarrafa su a cikin yanayin da aka kare ESD ta amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu da kwantena masu ɗaukar lantarki. Ajiye abubuwan a cikin jakunkun su na asali na hana danshi a yanayin da aka ba da shawarar (zafi < 40°C, danshi < 70% RH) don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da "popcorning" yayin reflow.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi na Samfur

Ana ba da LED ɗin a cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar hoto don haɗawa ta atomatik. Faɗin tef ɗin, girma aljihu, da ƙididdiga na reel suna bin ma'auni na EIA-481. Tef ɗin rufi tare da ƙayyadadden ƙarfin yaye (0.1 - 0.7N a kusurwar digiri 10) yana rufe abubuwan a wurin. Wannan marufi yana tabbatar da kariyar ɓangaren, daidaiton alkibla, da dogaron ciyarwa a cikin injinan haɗawa masu sauri.

7.2 Tsarin Lambar Sashi (Dokar Sunan Samfur)

Lambar sashi tana bin tsari mai tsari wanda ke ɓoye mahimman halaye:

T [Lambar Siffa] [Ƙidaya Guntu] [Lambar Gani] [Lambar Ciki] [Lambar Launi] [Lambar Kwarara] - [Lambar CCT] [Sauran Lambobi].

Misali, lambar "5A" tana nuna siffar 5050N, "3" tana nuna guntu uku (RGB), "00" tana nuna babu ruwan tabarau na biyu, "F" tana nuna cikakken launi, da sauransu. Fahimtar wannan suna yana da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen ƙayyadewa da oda bambancin LED da ake so tare da daidaitaccen launi, haske, da halayen gani.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Ya kamata a tuƙi kowane tashar launi na RGB LED daban ta amfani da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakancewa a jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai canzawa. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) ita ce hanyar da aka fi so don sarrafa ƙarfi (dushewa da haɗa launuka) yayin da take kiyaye daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da launi, ba kamar dushewar analog ba wanda zai iya haifar da canjin launi. Ana amfani da microcontroller tare da fitarwa na PWM don samar da siginonin sarrafawa.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Ƙira

• Daidaita Ƙarfin Lantarki:Saboda bambancin Vf da inganci na guntu R, G, B, ana buƙatar resistors ko masu tuƙi daban-daban don cimma ma'auni na fari ko rabo na launi da ake so.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Haɗa isasshen taimako na zafi da yanki na tagulla akan PCB, musamman idan ana aiki a manyan igiyoyin ruwa ko a cikin tsararrun yawa.
• Kariyar ESD:Haɗa diodes na kariya na ESD akan layukan siginar kusa da LED, musamman a aikace-aikacen ɗaukar hoto ko na mabukaci.
• Ƙirar Gani:Yi la'akari da kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 lokacin ƙirar ruwan tabarau ko jagororin haske don cimma tsarin katako da rarraba sararin samaniya da ake so.

9. Ma'auni na Dogaro da Inganci

9.1 Ma'auni na Gwajin Dogaro

Samfurin yana fuskantar gwaji mai tsauri na dogaro bisa ma'auni na masana'antu (JESD22, MIL-STD-202G). Manyan gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin Rayuwar Aiki:An gudanar da shi a yanayin zafi na daki, yanayin zafi mai girma (85°C), da yanayin zafi mai ƙanƙanta (-40°C) na sa'o'i 1008 a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki.
• Rayuwar Aiki na Zafi/Danshi Mai Girma:Sa'o'i 1008 a 60°C/90% RH.
• Zagayowar Zafi:Bayyana na'urar ga saurin canji tsakanin matsanancin yanayin zafi (misali, -40°C zuwa +125°C).

An ƙayyade ma'auni na gazawa sosai, gami da iyakoki akan canjin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (≤200mV), lalacewar kwararar haske (≤15% don InGaN, ≤25% don AlInGaP), da ƙarfin lantarki na yabo (≤10μA).

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

10.1 Ta yaya zan sami hasken fari mai tsafta tare da wannan RGB LED?

Ana ƙirƙira fari mai tsafta ta hanyar haɗa takamaiman ƙarfi na hasken ja, kore, da shuɗi. Daidaitaccen rabon ƙarfin lantarki (misali, IR:IG:IB) da ake buƙata ya dogara da inganci da daidaitattun da'irori na kwandon LED na musamman. Yawanci yana buƙatar daidaitawa da amsawa daga firikwensin launi don aikace-aikacen daidaitaccen daidaito. Yin amfani da sarrafa PWM yana ba da damar daidaita wannan rabo.

10.2 Shin zan iya tuƙi dukkan tashoshi uku a layi daya daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun guda ɗaya?

A'a. Saboda babban bambanci a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tsakanin guntu ja (~2.2V) da shuɗi/kore (~3.2V), haɗa su a layi daya zai haifar da rashin daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki mai tsanani, yana iya yin tuƙi fiye da kima ga tashar ja yayin da ba a tuƙi wasu ba. Dole ne kowane tashar launi ya sami da'irar sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki nasa.

10.3 Menene tasirin yanayin zafi na haɗuwa akan launi?

Ƙaruwar yanayin zafi na haɗuwa yana haifar da canji a cikin matsakaicin tsawon tsawon (yawanci tsawon tsawon mafi girma don AlInGaP ja da tsawon tsawon mafi gajarta don InGaN shuɗi/kore) da raguwa a cikin fitarwar haske. Wannan na iya haifar da canjin launi da ake iya gani a cikin tsarin RGB idan ba a sarrafa shi ba. Kiyaye yanayin zafi na haɗuwa mai tsayayye, ƙanƙanta ta hanyar ƙirar zafi mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen launi mai tsayayye.

11. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira na Aiki

11.1 Ƙirar Fitilar Tebur Mai Canza Launi

Yi la'akari da fitilar tebur ta amfani da jerin waɗannan SMD5050 RGB LED. Ƙirar za ta ƙunshi:

1. Da'irar Mai Tuƙi:IC mai tuƙi na LED na musamman tare da fitarwa uku masu zaman kansu na ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun da ikon dushewa na PWM don kowane tashar, ana sarrafa su ta hanyar I2C ko irin wannan hanyar haɗi daga microcontroller.
2. Ƙirar Zafi:PCB na ainihin ƙarfe (MCPCB) yana aiki azaman mai sanyaya. Hanyoyin zafi suna haɗa pad ɗin zafi na LED zuwa babban jirgin tagulla a bayan allon don kawar da zafi yadda ya kamata.
3. Gani:An sanya mai watsawa a kan jerin LED don haɗa maki na haske guda ɗaya zuwa yanki mai daidaito na haske mara haske.
4. Sarrafawa:Hanyar haɗin gwiwar mai amfani (maɓallai, firikwensin taɓawa, ko app) yana ba da damar zaɓar launuka da aka saita a baya (fari, fari mai dumi, fari mai sanyi) ko launuka na al'ada ta hanyar masu zamewa na RGB. Microcontroller yana fassara waɗannan abubuwan shigar zuwa da'irori na aikin PWM masu dacewa don tashoshi R, G, da B.

Wannan shari'ar ta nuna haɗin abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira na lantarki, zafi, gani, da firmware lokacin amfani da wannan ɓangaren.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Fasaha

12.1 Ƙa'idar Aiki na RGB LED

RGB LED a zahiri diode masu haskakawa guda uku ne masu zaman kansu—ja, kore, da shuɗi—an haɗa su tare. Kowane diode yana fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence: lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n na kayan semiconductor (AlInGaP don ja, InGaN don kore da shuɗi), electrons suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon tsawon (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin waɗannan launuka na farko guda uku daban, ana iya samar da ɗimbin launuka na biyu ta hanyar haɗa launuka.

13. Trends na Fasaha

13.1 Juyin Halitta a cikin LED Mai Cikakken Launi

Kasuwar LED mai cikakken launi tana ci gaba da haɓaka tare da trends da ke mai da hankali kan:

• Mafi Girman Inganci (lm/W):Ci gaba da inganta girma na epitaxial da ƙirar guntu yana haifar da ƙarin fitarwar haske a kowane naúrar wutar lantarki, yana rage amfani da makamashi da kayan aikin zafi.
• Ingantaccen Fitar da Launi da Gamut:Haɓaka sabbin tsarin phosphor da masu fitarwa masu ƙunƙuntaccen band (kamar ɗigon ƙididdiga) don faɗaɗa gamut na launi don nunin da inganta Ƙididdigar Fitar da Launi (CRI) don haske, har ma a cikin tsarin RGB.
• Ƙananan Girma:Haɓaka ƙananan girman marufi (misali, 2020, 1515) tare da irin wannan ko ingantaccen aiki don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari kamar ƙananan hasken baya na LED don TV da na'urori.
• Haɗaɗɗun Fasali na Hankali:Fitowar LED tare da masu tuƙi na ciki, masu sarrafawa, da hanyoyin sadarwa (misali, I2C, SPI, ko mara waya kamar Zigbee/BLE) yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar tsarin don hasken da aka haɗa da IoT.
• Ƙarfafa Dogaro:Ci gaba a cikin kayan marufi (silicones, yumbu) don ɗaukar yanayin zafi mafi girma da yanayi mafi muni, yana tsawaita rayuwar samfurin.