Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta IR42-21C/TR8 - LED Infrared Mai Girman 1.8mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 1.2V - Ƙarfin Wuta 130mW - Ruwa Bayyananne - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

IR42-21C/TR8 wata ƙaramar diode mai fitar da hasken infrared ce da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen kayan aikin gani na lantarki masu ƙarami. Tana da kunshin zagaye mai diamita 1.8mm da aka yi daga robobi mai tsabta kamar ruwa tare da ruwan tabarau na sama mai siffar duniya, wanda ke inganta fitar da haske. Na'urar tana amfani da kayan chip na Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs), wanda ya dace da siliki photodiodes da phototransistors, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ganowa a cikin tsarin firikwensin. Babban manufofin ƙirarta sune ƙaramin girma, dacewa da hanyoyin haɗa kai ta atomatik, da ingantaccen aiki a cikin kewayon na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani da masana'antu.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Manufa

Wannan LED tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga masu ƙira. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (yawanci 1.2V) yana ba da gudummawa ga aiki mai inganci. Abun ya cika duka da ƙa'idodin marasa gubar (Pb-free), RoHS, EU REACH, da ƙa'idodin marasa halogen (Br<900ppm, Cl<900ppm, Br+Cl<1500ppm), yana sa ya dace da kasuwannin duniya masu tsauraran ƙa'idodin muhalli. Ya dace da duka hanyoyin gudanar da infrared da tururi na sake yin siyar da gudanarwa, yana sauƙaƙa haɗa PCB mai girma, ta atomatik. Manyan kasuwannin manufa sun haɗa da masu kera ƙananan firikwensin infrared, ƙananan shingen haske don sarrafa kai, na'urorin aiki na diski (don tsarin gado ko na musamman), maɓalli na gani na gabaɗaya, da tsarin gano hayaƙi inda ake buƙatar tushen infrared da ba a iya gani.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Aikin IR42-21C/TR8 an ayyana shi ta hanyar saitin ƙididdiga na iyaka da halayen lantarki-gani da aka auna a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C. Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira da tabbatar da LED tana aiki a cikin yankinta na aminci (SOA).

2.1 Ƙididdiga na Iyaka na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Kada a taɓa wuce su, ko da na ɗan lokaci. Ci gaba da gaba na halin yanzu (IF) an ƙididdige shi a 65 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) shine 5 V. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon yanayin yanayi (Topr) na -25°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana adana su (Tstg) tsakanin -40°C da +85°C. Yanayin zafi na gudanarwa (Tsol) bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba na tsawon lokaci na 5 seconds ko ƙasa a lokacin hanyoyin sake kunnawa. Jimlar watsawar wutar lantarki (Pd) a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin iska kyauta shine 130 mW. Wuce kowane ɗayan waɗannan iyakokin yana haifar da haɗarin gazawa mai tsanani ko lalacewa mai sauri.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni, yawanci ana auna su a halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20 mA, suna ayyana aikin aikin na'urar. Ƙarfin haske (Ie), ma'aunin ƙarfin gani da aka fitar kowane kusurwa mai ƙarfi, yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙima na 1.0 mW/sr da kuma ƙima ta yau da kullun na 3.0 mW/sr. Tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λp) yawanci shine 940 nm, yana sanya shi cikin kusancin bakan infrared, wanda ya dace da na'urorin ganowa na siliki. Faɗin bakan (Δλ) yawanci shine 45 nm, yana ayyana kewayon raƙuman ruwa da aka fitar. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da ƙima ta yau da kullun na 1.2 V kuma matsakaicin 1.5 V a 20 mA. Halin yanzu na baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 µA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarancin lantarki na baya na 5 V. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa, yawanci digiri 30 ne, yana ba da katako mai mai da hankali.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna yadda manyan ma'auni ke bambanta da yanayin aiki. Waɗannan jadawali suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen duniya na gaske fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na maki ɗaya a 25°C.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da aka halatta da yanayin yanayi. Yayin da yanayin yanayi ke ƙaruwa, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka halatta yana raguwa a layi daya. Wannan raguwa yana da mahimmanci don hana yanayin haɗin gwiwa ya wuce iyakarsa, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙimar watsawar wutar lantarki. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da wannan jadawalin don zaɓar halin yanzu na aiki da ya dace don matsakaicin yanayin yanayi da ake tsammani na aikace-aikacen su.

3.2 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan yana jera ƙarfin haske na dangi akan tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Yana tabbatar da tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 940 nm da kusan faɗin bakan na 45 nm. Lanƙwasa ba shi da daidaito, wanda shine na yau da kullun don bakan fitarwa na LED. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitawar bakan na musamman tare da lanƙwasa amsawar mai ganowa.

3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa halayen IV (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki) ba ta da layi, kamar duk diodes. Yana nuna cewa ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba bayan ƙarfin lantarki na "gwiwa" yana haifar da babban, ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin halin yanzu na gaba. Wannan yana jaddada mahimmancin mahimmancin amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direban halin yanzu na akai don hana guduwar zafi da lalata LED daga wuce gona da iri.

3.4 Ƙarfin Haske na Dangi vs. Matsakaicin Kusurwa

Wannan jadawalin polar yana kwatanta tsarin fitarwa na sararin samaniya na LED. An daidaita ƙarfin zuwa matsakaicin ƙimarsa a digiri 0 (akan-axis). Lanƙwasa yana nuna yadda ƙarfin ya faɗi yayin da kusurwar kallo ke ƙaruwa, yana ayyana kusurwar kallo na digiri 30 inda ƙarfin ya kasance 50% na kololuwar. Tsarin gabaɗaya Lambertian ne (kamar cosine) don wannan kunshin mai siffar duniya, wanda ke da amfani don ƙididdige hasken haske a mai ganowa.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

An sanya na'urar a cikin ƙaramin kunshin SMD mai zagaye tare da diamita na 1.8mm. Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya a cikin takardar bayanin suna ba da duk mahimman girmansu, gami da tsayin jiki, tazarar jagora, da lissafin ruwan tabarau. Duk girmansu suna cikin millimeters, tare da daidaitattun ƙa'idodin ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. An ba da shirin shimfidawa don ƙirar PCB, amma an bayyana cewa wannan don tunani ne kawai kuma ya kamata a gyara shi bisa ga buƙatun tsari na mutum ɗaya da buƙatun sarrafa zafi.

4.2 Gano Polarity da Kayan Aikin Carrier

Kunshin yana da gefe mai lebur ko alama mai kama da haka don nuna jagoran cathode (maras kyau), wanda ke da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen yanayin yayin haɗawa. Don samarwa mai girma, ana samar da abubuwan akan reels na tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya. Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da girmansa na tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya, yana ƙayyade girman aljihu, fil, da diamita na reel. Reel na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da guda 1000, wanda shine na yau da kullun don injinan ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.

5. Jagororin Gudanarwa da Haɗawa

Kula da gudanarwa da gudanarwa daidai yana da mahimmanci don aminci. LED yana da damuwa da danshi kuma yana zuwa a cikin jakar shinge na danshi tare da desiccant.

5.1 Ajiya da Hatsarin Danshi

Kafin buɗe jakar da aka rufe, dole ne a adana LEDs a 30°C ko ƙasa da 90% Dangantakar Danshi (RH) ko ƙasa da haka. Tsawon rayuwar shimfidawa shekara ɗaya ne. Bayan buɗe jakar, ya kamata a kiyaye abubuwan a 30°C/60%RH ko ƙasa da haka kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su cikin sa'o'i 168 (7 kwanaki). Idan lokacin ajiya ya wuce ko desiccant ya nuna shigar danshi, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60 ± 5°C na tsawon sa'o'i 24 kafin amfani don cire danshin da aka ɗauka da hana "popcorning" yayin gudanar da sake kunnawa.

5.2 Ma'aunin Gudanar da Sake Kunnawa

Na'urar ta dace da bayanan sake kunnawa marasa gubar (Pb-free). An ba da shawarar takamaiman bayanin yanayin zafi, yawanci ya haɗa da matakin preheat, yankin jiƙa, yankin zafi mafi girma wanda bai wuce 260°C ba na matsakaicin 5 seconds, da matakin sanyaya mai sarrafawa. Kada a yi gudanar da sake kunnawa fiye da sau biyu. Yayin dumama, bai kamata a yi amfani da damuwa na injiniya ga jikin LED ko jagora ba, kuma bai kamata PCB ya karkace bayan gudanarwa ba.

5.3 Gudanar da Hannu da Sake Aiki

Idan gudanar da hannu ba zai yiwu ba, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Yanayin zafin ƙarfe na gudanarwa ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa 3 seconds ko ƙasa da haka. An ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (25W ko ƙasa da haka). Ya kamata a kiyaye dakatarwa na aƙalla seconds 2 tsakanin gudanar da kowane jagora. An ƙarfafa hana sake aiki bayan gudanar da farko. Idan da gaske ya zama dole, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙarfe na gudanarwa na kai biyu na musamman don dumama duka jagora biyu tare da ɗaga abu ba tare da damuwa da kunshin ba. Yuwuwar lalacewa yayin sake aiki yana da girma.

6. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Ƙira

6.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Mafi mahimmancin da'irar aikace-aikace shine sauƙaƙan haɗin gwiwa na LED, resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu, da tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙimar resistor (R) ana ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_source - VF_LED) / IF. Misali, tare da tushen 5V, VF na 1.2V, da IF da ake so na 20mA, R = (5 - 1.2) / 0.02 = 190 Ohms. Resistor na 200 Ohm zai zama ƙima mai dacewa. Don ƙarin kwanciyar hankali, musamman tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai canzawa, an fi son da'irar direban halin yanzu na akai.

6.2 La'akari da Ƙira don Tsarin Infrared

Lokacin ƙirar tsarin firikwensin infrared, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa. Daidaitawar gani tsakanin IR LED da mai ganowa yana da mahimmanci, musamman tare da katako na digiri 30. Sau da yawa ana buƙatar watsi da hasken yanayi; ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar daidaita halin yanzu na tuƙi na LED da amfani da da'irar mai ganowa mai daidaitawa don tace hasken yanayi na DC. Dole ne a daidaita ƙarfin haske da hankalin mai ganowa don nisan ganowa da ake buƙata. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi idan ana aiki kusa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga, saboda ƙarin yanayin haɗin gwiwa yana rage fitar da haske da tsawon rayuwa.

7. Kwatancin Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da manyan IR LEDs na rami, babbar fa'idar IR42-21C/TR8 ita ce ƙaramin ƙafar SMD ɗinta, yana ba da damar ƙananan ƙira na PCB, masu sauƙi, da ƙarin atomatik. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran IR LEDs na SMD, manyan bambance-bambancen su ne takamaiman girman kunshin zagaye na 1.8mm, tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 940nm da aka inganta don na'urorin ganowa na siliki, da kuma bin sabbin ƙa'idodin muhalli (Marasa Halogen, REACH). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, sabanin ruwan tabarau mai launi ko watsawa, yana ƙara matsakaicin watsa hasken infrared, yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin haske don kowane shigarwar lantarki.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

A: Lanƙwasa IV yana nuna alaƙar ƙima tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu na LED. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (saboda zafin jiki) na iya haifar da babban haɓakar halin yanzu mara sarrafawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙonewa nan take. Resistor yana ba da impedance mai layi, mai daidaitawa.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da filin microcontroller na 3.3V kai tsaye?

A: Mai yiwuwa, amma ba mafi kyau ba. Tare da VF na 1.2V, za a buƙaci resistor na jerin. Halin yanzu da ake samu daga filin GPIO sau da yawa yana da iyaka (misali, 20-25mA). Dole ne ku tabbatar cewa jimillar halin yanzu, gami da lissafin resistor (R = (3.3V - 1.2V) / I_desired), bai wuce ikon samar da halin yanzu na GPIO ba. Don ƙarin halin yanzu ko LEDs da yawa, ana buƙatar direban transistor.

Q: Me ake nufi da "bakan da ya dace da Si photodetector"?

A: Photodiodes na siliki da phototransistors suna da mafi girman hankali a yankin kusa da infrared, kusan 800-900nm. Wannan fitowar kololuwar LED na 940nm ya faɗi cikin wannan yanki mai amsawa, yana tabbatar da matsakaicin ingancin canja wurin sigina daga tushen haske zuwa mai ganowa, yana haifar da mafi kyawun sigina-zuwa-amo da kewayo.

Q: Yaya mahimmanci ne hatsarin danshi da umarnin gasa?

A: Matsakaicin mahimmanci ga abubuwan SMD. Danshin da aka ɗauka zai iya yin tururi cikin sauri yayin tsarin gudanar da sake kunnawa mai zafi, yana haifar da rabuwa na ciki, tsaga, ko "popcorning" wanda ke lalata na'urar. Bin hanyoyin kula da matakin haɗarin danshi (MSL) yana da mahimmanci don yawan samarwa da amincin dogon lokaci.

9. Nazarin Aiki na Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar Ƙananan Firikwensin Gano Abu.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar ƙirar firikwensin gano abu mara tuntuɓar juna don ƙaramin na'urar sarrafa kai ta atomatik. Sarari yana da iyaka, yana buƙatar abun SMD. Sun zaɓi IR42-21C/TR8 saboda ƙananan girmansa. Sun haɗa shi da phototransistor a cikin tsarin retro-reflective: duka abubuwan an sanya su tare a kan PCB ɗaya, suna fuskantar hanya ɗaya. Abu da ke wucewa a gaba yana nuna katako na IR zuwa phototransistor. Mai ƙira yana amfani da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske (3.0 mW/sr) da hankalin phototransistor don ƙididdige halin yanzu da ake buƙata don kewayo da ake so na 10cm. Sun aiwatar da sauƙaƙen da'irar lokaci na 555 don buga LED a 1kHz, kuma da'irar mai ganowa ta haɗa da tacewa mai bandeji wanda aka daidaita shi zuwa 1kHz don watsi da hasken yanayi na 50/60Hz da hasken rana na DC. An zaɓi resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu don samar da tuƙi na 15mA, cikin ƙididdigar LED, don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwa. Ƙaramin kunshin SMD yana ba da damar dukan taron firikwensin ya dace da gida mai faɗin ƙasa da 15mm.

10. Ƙa'idar Aiki da Trends na Fasaha

10.1 Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diode mai fitar da hasken Infrared (IR LED) tana aiki akan ƙa'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su a kan haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki (chip ɗin GaAlAs a wannan yanayin), ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman bandgap na kayan semiconductor na GaAlAs yana ƙayyade tsayin raƙuman ruwa na photons da aka fitar, wanda ke cikin bakan infrared (940nm) don wannan na'urar. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa takamaiman kusurwar kallo.

10.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Trend a cikin kayan aikin gani, kamar yadda duk na'urorin lantarki suke, yana zuwa ga ƙarin ƙaramin girma, mafi inganci, da ƙarin haɗin kai. Yayin da ainihin ƙa'idar IR LED ta kasance a tsaye, ana ganin ci gaba a fasahar kunshin (ko da ƙananan ƙafafu kamar 0402 ko kunshin chip), ingantattun kayan epitaxial don mafi inganci na bangon toshe (ƙarin fitar da haske kowace watt na shigarwar lantarki), da haɗa direbobi da dabaru na sarrafawa cikin "wayo" modules na LED. Hakanan akwai ci gaba da turawa don zaɓuɓɓukan bakan mafi faɗi da na'urori masu ikon aiki a matsakaicin saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwar bayanai (kamar IRDA). Yardawar muhalli (Marasa Halogen, ƙarancin sawun carbon masana'antu) ya kasance mai ƙarfi mai turawa a duk faɗin masana'antu.