IR26-21C/L447/CT LED na Infrared Mai Girman 1.6mm - Takardun Bayanai na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

IR26-21C/L447/CT shine na'urar fitar da hasken infrared (SMD) mai ƙaramin girman. An haɗa shi a cikin kunshin mai ƙaramin girman, mai ƙarshen biyu wanda aka yi daga robobi mai tsabta tare da ruwan tabarau mai siffar kwalliya. Babban aikin wannan kayan aiki shine fitar da hasken infrared a tsayin raƙuman 940 nanometers, wanda ya dace da na'urorin gano haske na silicon, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi don aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa.

An gina wannan LED ta amfani da kayan chip na GaAlAs (Gallium Aluminum Arsenide). Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, ƙaramin siffar da ya dace da ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari, da kuma ingantaccen aminci. Na'urar tana bin mahimman ƙa'idodin muhalli, ciki har da rashin gubar (lead-free), RoHS, EU REACH, da kuma rashin halogen, yana cika ƙayyadaddun ƙima na abun ciki na bromine da chlorine.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'aunin Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

An ƙera na'urar don yin aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakoki don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwa da aminci. Wuce waɗannan ma'auni na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin.

• Halin Yanzu na Gaba na Ci gaba (I_F): 65 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC wanda zai iya ci gaba da gudana ta cikin LED.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R): 5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya sama da wannan na iya rushe haɗin semiconductor na LED.
• Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr): -25°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don aiki na al'ada.
• Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don adana na'urar lokacin da ba a amfani da ita.
• Yanayin Zafi na Solder (T_sol): 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. Wannan yana bayyana ƙayyadaddun yanayin reflow solder.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 130 mW a ko ƙasa da 25°C yanayin iska kyauta. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na 25°C yanayin zafi da halin yanzu na gaba na 20 mA, wanda shine matsakaicin wurin aiki.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_e): 11 mW/sr (Min), 18 mW/sr (Typ). Wannan yana auna ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa a kowace raka'ar kusurwa (steradian). Ƙimar al'ada tana nuna abin da ake tsammani.
• Tsayin Raƙuman Kololuwa (λ_p): 940 nm (Typ). Tsayin raƙuman da LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin haske. Wannan yana cikin kusancin infrared spectrum, ba a iya gani ga idon ɗan adam amma ya fi dacewa don na'urori na silicon.
• Faɗin Tsayin Raƙuman (Δλ): 55 nm (Typ). Kewayon tsayin raƙuman da ake fitarwa, yawanci ana auna shi a rabin ƙarfin kololuwa (Cikakken Faɗi a Rabin Matsakaici - FWHM).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): 1.3 V (Typ), 1.5 V (Max). Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a 20mA. Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki shine fa'ida mai inganci.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R): 10 µA (Max) a 5V baya bias. Ma'auni na ɓarkewar haɗin a cikin yanayin kashewa.
• Kusurwar Gani (2θ_1/2): 25° (Typ). Faɗin kusurwar inda ƙarfin haske ya kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwa. Wannan yana bayyana tsarin katako.

3. Binciken Lankwasa na Aiki

Takardun bayanai yana ba da lankwasai masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da ake iya yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu. Don hana yin zafi sosai, dole ne a rage halin yanzu lokacin aiki sama da 25°C. Lankwasa yawanci yana nuna raguwa mai layi, yana mai da hankali kan mahimmancin sarrafa zafi a cikin yanayi mai zafi.

3.2 Rarraba Tsayin Raƙuman

Wannan jadawali yana jera ƙarfin hasken dangantaka da tsayin raƙuman. Yana tabbatar da kololuwa a 940nm da kuma kusan 55nm faɗin tsayin raƙuman. Siffar tana da halayen GaAlAs infrared LEDs.

3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Wannan lankwasa na asali yana kwatanta alaƙar alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki don diode. Yana taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'irar tuƙi mai iyakance halin yanzu. Lankwasa zai nuna juyi mai kaifi a kusa da V_Fna 1.3V.

3.4 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangantaka vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lankwasa yana nuna layi (ko yuwuwar rashin layi a cikin halin yanzu mai yawa) na fitar da haske dangane da halin yanzu na tuƙi. Ga yawancin LEDs, alaƙar tana da layi a cikin kewayon aikin da aka ba da shawarar, yana ba da damar sauƙaƙan sarrafa haske ta hanyar canjin halin yanzu.

3.5 Ƙarfin Hasken Dangantaka vs. Matsakaicin Kusurwa

Wannan tsarin polar yana bayyana tsarin radiation na sarari. Ga wannan LED tare da ruwan tabarau mai siffar kwalliya, ana tsammanin tsarin zai zama kusan Lambertian (rarrabawar cosine) ko ɗan ƙuntata, a tsakiya akan axis da ke daidaita da saman fitarwa. An samo kusurwar gani na digiri 25 daga wannan lankwasa.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

4.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar ita ce kunshin SMD mai ƙaramin girman, mai siffar zagaye tare da diamita na jiki 1.6mm. Cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya a cikin takardun bayanai suna ba da duk mahimman girma ciki har da tsayin gabaɗaya, tazarar jagora, da lissafin ruwan tabarau. Duk girma suna cikin millimeters tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi.

4.2 Tsarin Pad da Shawarar Tarkace

An ba da tsarin ƙasa (tsarin pad) don ƙirar PCB don tunani. An shawarci masu ƙira su gyara wannan dangane da takamaiman tsarin masana'antu da buƙatun aminci. Takardun bayanai yana ba da shawarar abun da ke cikin tarkace na Sn/Ag3.0/Cu0.5 da kauri na stencil na 0.10mm don mafi kyawun samuwar haɗin solder.

4.3 Gano Polarity

Kunshin yana da siffar ƙarshen biyu. Yawanci ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alama a gefen cathode ko ta takamaiman siffa a cikin kunshin ko tef. Dole ne a tabbatar da ainihin alamar daidai da zanen girman kunshin.

4.4 Girman Teyipin Mai ɗaukar Kaya

Ana ba da LEDs a cikin tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya akan reels masu diamita inci 7 don haɗawa ta atomatik. An ƙayyade girman tef (girman aljihu, tazarar, da sauransu) don tabbatar da dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin haɗin SMD. Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 1500.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Bayanin Yanayin Reflow Solder

An ba da shawarar yanayin zafi na solder na jagora. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da matakin preheat, matsakaicin zafi wanda bai wuce 260°C ba, da kuma lokacin da ya wuce ruwa (TAL) da aka sarrafa don hana lalacewar zafi. Kada a yi reflow solder fiye da sau biyu akan na'urar ɗaya.

5.2 Kula da Solder da Hannu

Idan solder da hannu ya zama dole, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Ya kamata zafin ƙarshen ƙarfe na solder ya kasance ƙasa da 350°C, kuma lokacin tuntuɓar kowane tasha bai kamata ya wuce dakika 3 ba. An ba da shawarar ƙarfe mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (≤25W), tare da tazarar aƙalla dakika 2 tsakanin solder kowane tasha don ba da damar sanyaya.

5.3 Ajiya da Hancin Danshi

An kunna LEDs a cikin jakar hana danshi. Kada a buɗe jakar har sai an shirya amfani da ita. Bayan buɗewa, na'urorin da ba a yi amfani da su ba yakamata a adana su a ≤30°C da ≤60% Danshi Dangantaka (RH). "Rayuwar bene" bayan buɗewa shine sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Idan wannan lokacin ya wuce ko kuma mai nuna danshi (silica gel) ya nuna cikar, ana buƙatar maganin gasa a 60±5°C na awanni 24 kafin amfani don cire danshin da aka sha da kuma hana "popcorning" yayin reflow.

5.4 Gyara da Sake Aiki

An ƙarfafa hana gyara bayan solder. Idan ba za a iya kaucewa ba, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarfe na solder na musamman mai kai biyu don dumama tashoshi biyu lokaci guda, yana rage matsin lamba na zafi akan kunshin robobi. Dole ne a tantance yuwuwar lalata halayen LED yayin gyara a baya.

6. Shawarorin Aikace-aikace

6.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Mafi mahimmancin tunani na ƙira shine iyakance halin yanzu. Resistor na waje na wajibi ne. Saboda halayen I-V na diode, ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da babban ƙaruwa mai lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Don samar da 5V da manufa I_Fna 20mA tare da V_F~1.3V, R ≈ (5 - 1.3) / 0.02 = 185 Ω. Resistor na al'ada 180Ω ko 200Ω zai dace.

6.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Sanyaya Zafi: Ko da yake ƙanana, dole ne a yi la'akari da rushewar wutar lantarki (har zuwa 130mW), musamman a cikin yanayi mai zafi ko a cikin halin yanzu na tuƙi mafi girma. Isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB a kusa da pad ɗin na iya zama mai sauƙin sanyaya zafi.
• Daidaita Hasken: Kusurwar gani na digiri 25 tana buƙatar daidaitawa da hankali tare da na'urar gano haske a cikin ƙirar shinge ko na'urar gano haske don tabbatar da isasshen ƙarfin siginar.
• Hayaniyar Lantarki: A cikin da'irori masu hankali na gano analog, yakamata a raba tuƙin LED daga masu ƙara na'urori masu hankali don hana hayaniyar lantarki.

6.3 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Gama-gari

• Na'urori na Gano Infrared da aka Haɗa a PCB: Ana amfani da shi azaman tushen haske a cikin na'urori na kusanci, gano abu, da tachometers.
• Shinge na Hasken Ƙanana / Masu Katse Hasken: Haɗe tare da phototransistor don gano abubuwa da ke karya katakon haske, ana amfani da su a cikin na'urorin buga, masu ɓoyewa, da injinan sayar da kayayyaki.
• Floppy Disk Drive: A tarihi ana amfani da shi don gano sifili na waƙa da gano kariyar rubutu.
• Maɓallan Hasken Lantarki: A cikin na'urori masu nuna haske don gano kasancewar saman ko bambanci (misali, mutum-mutumi masu bin layi).
• Na'urori na Gano Hayaki: Ana amfani da su a cikin nau'in na'urori na gano hayaki inda ɓangarorin hayaki ke watsawa ko toshe katakon infrared na ciki tsakanin LED da photodiode.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambanci

IR26-21C/L447/CT yana da takamaiman wuri a cikin kasuwar LED infrared. Babban bambancinsa shine ƙaramin kunshinsa mai siffar zagaye 1.6mm da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan infrared LEDs na 3mm ko 5mm, yana ba da damar ƙananan samfuran ƙarshe. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran infrared LEDs na SMD, ruwan tabarau mai tsabta (sabanin launi ko watsawa) da takamaiman tsayin raƙuman 940nm tare da daidaitaccen Si sun sa ya fi dacewa don matsakaicin canja wurin makamashi zuwa mai karɓar silicon, yana inganta siginar tsarin zuwa ƙimar amo da kewayo a cikin aikace-aikacen gano abubuwa. Rashin halogen da bin RoHS yana tabbatar da cewa ya cika ka'idojin muhalli na zamani don masana'antar lantarki ta duniya.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

8.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

LED na'urar aiki ce ta halin yanzu, ba ta ƙarfin lantarki ba. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ci gaba da zama ɗan kadan a cikin kewayon halin yanzu mai faɗi. Ba tare da resistor na jerin ba, haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai yi ƙoƙarin jawo halin yanzu wanda kawai iyakance ta hanyar ƙarfin ciki na tushen da ƙarfin juriya na LED, wanda yake da ƙasa sosai. Wannan tabbas zai wuce matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba (65mA) kuma ya lalata LED nan take.

8.2 Shin zan iya sarrafa wannan LED tare da siginar PWM don sarrafa haske?

Ee, pulse-width modulation (PWM) hanya ce mai kyau don sarrafa matsakaicin ƙarfin haske. Kuna sarrafa LED a halin yanzu na al'ada (misali, 20mA) yayin bugun jini "on". Ya kamata mitar ta kasance mai girma sosai don guje wa flicker a bayyane a cikin tsarin gano (yawanci >100Hz). Dole ne da'irar tuƙi (transistor/MOSFET) ta iya ɗaukar halin yanzu na kololuwa.

8.3 Menene bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin haske (mW/sr) da ƙarfin haske (mcd)?

Ƙarfin haske (wanda aka auna a candela) yana da nauyi ta hanyar hankalin idon ɗan adam (amshan haske). Tunda wannan LED infrared ne da ke fitarwa a 940nm, inda idon ɗan adam ba shi da hankali, ƙarfinsa na haske yana da tasiri sifili. Ƙarfin haske yana auna ainihin ƙarfin hasken da ake fitarwa a kowace kusurwa, wanda shine ma'auni mai dacewa don na'urori na gano abubuwa.

8.4 Ta yaya zan fassara "Kusurwar Gani" na digiri 25?

Kusurwar gani (2θ_1/2= 25°) yana nufin jimlar faɗin kusurwar inda ƙarfin ya kasance aƙalla rabin ƙimar kololuwa. Rabin kusurwa (θ_1/2) shine digiri 12.5 daga axis na tsakiya. Wannan yana bayyana katako ɗan ƙuntata, yana mai da hankali kan makamashin infrared don tsawon kewayon ko ƙarin gano abubuwa idan aka kwatanta da LEDs masu faɗin kusurwa (misali, 60° ko 120°).

9. Ka'idar Aiki

LED infrared diode ne na haɗin p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce yuwuwar gina haɗin, electrons daga yankin n da ramuka daga yankin p ana shigar da su a kan haɗin. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa a cikin yankin aiki na semiconductor (wanda aka yi da GaAlAs), ana sakin makamashi. A cikin wannan takamaiman abun da ke ciki, makamashin yayi daidai da photons a cikin infrared spectrum tare da tsayin raƙuman kololuwa na 940nm. Kunshin epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki duka azaman kariya da kuma ruwan tabarau don siffata tsarin radiation na hasken da aka fitar.

10. Trends na Masana'antu da Mahallin

Bukatar ƙananan kayan aikin infrared masu inganci na ci gaba da girma, wanda ya samo asali daga yaduwar Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), na'urori masu hankali na gida, sarrafa kai na masana'antu, da na'urori masu sawa. Babban abubuwan da ke tasiri kayan aiki kamar IR26-21C/L447/CT sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Haɗin kai: Matsi zuwa modules waɗanda suka haɗa IR LED, na'urar gano haske, da da'irori na gyara siginar a cikin kunshi ɗaya.
• Mafi Girman Ingantacciyar: Ci gaba da haɓaka kayan semiconductor da ƙirar chip don cimma mafi girman fitarwa don takamaiman halin yanzu na shigarwa, yana inganta rayuwar baturi a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukuwa.
• Ƙarfafa Aminci: Mayar da hankali kan ingantaccen kunshi don jure mafi girman yanayin zafi na reflow da mawuyacin yanayin muhalli da ake buƙata ta aikace-aikacen motoci da masana'antu.
• Daidaitawa: Bin ka'idojin muhalli na duniya (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free) da masana'antu (MSL, tef-da-reel) yanzu shine buƙatun tushe don samun damar kasuwa ta duniya.

Abubuwan da ke ciki kamar wannan ƙaramin LED infrared sune ginshiƙan ginin gine-ginen da ke ba da damar gano abubuwa ba tare da tuntuɓar ba, wanda shine mahimmin fasaha a cikin waɗannan sassan masu ci gaba.