Takardar Bayani na Fitilar LED 383-2SDRC/S530-A3 - Ja Mai Zurfi - 650nm - 20mA - 60mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin Fitilar LED 383-2SDRC/S530-A3 wata fitila ce mai karfin haskawa wacce aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar fitar da haske mai inganci. Tana amfani da fasahar guntu na AlGaInP don samar da launin ja mai zurfi tare da matsakaicin tsawon zango na 650nm. Wannan kayan aiki an ƙera shi don dogaro da ƙarfi, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen nuni da nuna alama na lantarki daban-daban.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali Karfin Haskawa Mai Girma: An tsara shi musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi girman karfin haskawa. Yin Biyayya: Samfurin yana bin ka'idojin RoHS, EU REACH, da Halogen-Free (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm). Zaɓuɓɓukan Kunshin: Ana samunsa akan tef da reel don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik. Zaɓin Kallon Kallo: Ana bayarwa tare da kusurwoyin kallo daban-daban don dacewa da buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban.

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi Wannan LED ana nufin masana'antar kayan lantarki na mabukaci da nuni. Aikace-aikacenta na al'ada sun haɗa da hasken baya ko nuna matsayi a cikin: Tilojin Na'urorin Kallon Kwamfuta Wayoyi Kwamfutoci na Sirri

• 2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha2.1 Madaidaitan Iyaka na Gaskiya Waɗannan madaidaitan suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba. Halin Yanzu na Ci Gaba (I_F): 25 mA Karfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R): 5 V Fitowar Lantarki Mai Tsanani (ESD): 2000 V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum) Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d): 60 mW Zazzabin Aiki (T_opr): -40°C zuwa +85°C Zazzabin Ajiya (T_stg): -40°C zuwa +100°C Zazzabin Solder (T_sol): 260°C na dakika 5 (kololuwa)
• 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haskawa (T_a=25°C) Ana auna ma'auni masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan gwaji na yau da kullun (I_F=20mA) kuma suna wakiltar aikin na'urar na al'ada. Karfin Haskawa (I_v): 1000 (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 2000 (Al'ada) mcd. Wannan babban ƙarfi shine mabuɗin siffa don ganuwa. Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2): 6° (Al'ada). Wannan ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar kallo tana tattara fitar da haske, yana haɓaka hasken da ake gani a cikin alkiblar gaba. Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (λ_p): 650 nm (Al'ada). Yana ayyana kololuwar bakan hasken da aka fitar. Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d): 639 nm (Al'ada). Tsawon zangon da idon mutum ya gane. Faɗin Bakan Hasken Radiation (Δλ): 20 nm (Al'ada). Yana nuna tsaftar bakan hasken ja. Karfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F): 2.0 (Al'ada), 2.4 (Mafi girma) V a 20mA. Ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine halayen fasahar AlGaInP. Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R): 10 μA (Mafi girma) a V_R=5V. Lura akan Rashin Tabbaci na Aunawa: Karfin Haskawa ±10%, Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye ±1.0nm, Karfin Lantarki na Gaba ±0.1V.3. Bincike na Lankwasa na Aiki Takardar bayani tana ba da lankwasu masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin zane. 3.1 Karfin Haskawa Dangane da Tsawon Zango Wannan lankwasa tana nuna rarraba ƙarfin bakan, yana tabbatar da ƙunƙuntaccen faɗin bakan da kololuwa a kusa da 650nm, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar launin ja mai cikakken cikawa. 3.2 Tsarin Nuni Tsarin radiation yana kwatanta kusurwar kallo ta al'ada ta 6°, yana nuna yadda ƙarfin haske ya faɗi da sauri a wajen katakon tsakiya, wanda ke da amfani don hasken da aka yi niyya. 3.3 Halin Yanzu na Gaba Dangane da Karfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V) Wannan jadawali yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu. Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu, tare da wurin aiki na al'ada a 20mA/2.0V. 3.4 Karfin Haskawa Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba Wannan lankwasa tana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana kusan layi daya tare da halin yanzu har zuwa matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka ƙidaya, yana ba da damar sauƙaƙan daidaitawar haske ta hanyar sarrafa halin yanzu. 3.5 Dogaro da Zazzabi An ba da lankwasu biyu masu mahimmanci: Karfin Haskawa Dangane da Zazzabin Muhalli: Yana nuna raguwar fitar da haske yayin da zazzabi ya karu. Ana buƙatar ingantaccen sarrafa zafi don kiyaye haske. Halin Yanzu na Gaba Dangane da Zazzabin Muhalli: Ana iya amfani da shi don fahimtar yadda halayen I-V ke canzawa tare da zazzabi, mahimmanci don ƙirar direban halin yanzu na akai-akai.
• 4. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin 4.1 Girmen Kunshin Takardar bayani ta haɗa da cikakken zanen injiniya na kunshin LED. Mahimman girmansu sun haɗa da tazarar jagora, girman jiki, da tsayin gaba ɗaya. Muhimman bayanan suna ƙayyadad da cewa dole ne tsayin flange ya zama ƙasa da 1.5mm kuma ƙimar gabaɗaya ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. 4.2 Gano Polarity Ana nuna cathode ta hanyar fili a kan ruwan tabarau, gajeriyar jagora, ko takamaiman alama akan kunshin kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zanen girma. Dole ne a kiyaye polarity daidai yayin haɗawa.5. Jagororin Solder da Hada Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dogaro da hana lalacewa ga LED. 5.1 Siffantar Igwa Karkatar da jagora a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga tushen kwalliyar epoxy. Yi siffantar kafin solder. Kauce wa damuwa ga kunshin. Rashin daidaito yayin hawan PCB na iya haifar da damuwa da lalacewa. Yanke jagora a zazzabin daki. 5.2 Ajiya Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Rayuwar shiryayye shine watanni 3 daga jigilar kaya. Don ajiya mai tsawo (har zuwa shekara 1), yi amfani da akwati mai rufi tare da nitrogen da desiccant. Kauce wa saurin canjin zazzabi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano don hana hazo. 5.3 Tsarin Solder Muhimmin Dokar: Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisan 3mm daga haɗin solder zuwa kwalliyar epoxy. Solder da Hannu: Zazzabin ƙarshen gwangwani ≤300°C (30W matsakaici), lokacin solder ≤3 seconds. Solder Wave/Dip: Preheat ≤100°C na ≤60 sec. Wankan solder a ≤260°C na ≤5 sec. Bayanan Solder: An ba da shawarar yanayin zazzabi-lokaci, yana mai da hankali kan sarrafa haɓakawa, takamaiman yanki na kololuwar zazzabi, da sarrafa sanyaya. Ba a ba da shawarar tsarin sanyaya mai sauri ba. Mahimmanci: Kauce wa damuwa akan jagora yayin matakan zazzabi mai girma. Kada ku yi solder (dip/hannu) fiye da sau ɗaya. Kare LED daga girgiza/girgiza har sai ya sanyaya zuwa zazzabin daki bayan solder. 5.4 Tsaftacewa Tsaftace kawai idan ya cancanta ta amfani da barasa na isopropyl a zazzabin daki na ≤1 minti. Kauce wa tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic. Idan da gaske ake buƙata, fara cancantar tsarin don tabbatar da cewa babu lalacewa da ke faruwa. 5.5 Gudanar da Zafi Dole ne a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi yayin ƙirar PCB da tsarin. Dole ne a rage halin yanzu na aiki daidai gwargwado dangane da zazzabin muhalli da lankwasun rage ƙimar da aka bayar don tabbatar da dogaron dogon lokaci da kiyaye aiki.
• 6. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda 6.1 Takamaiman Kunshin Jaka Mai Tsayayya da Lantarki Mai Tsanani: Yana kare LED daga fitowar lantarki mai tsanani yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa. Akwatin Ciki: Ya ƙunshi jakunkuna da yawa. Akwatin Waje: Akwatin jigilar kaya na ƙarshe. Adadin Kunshin: Mafi ƙanƙanta 200-500 guda a kowace jaka. Jakuna 6 a kowace akwatin ciki. Akwatuna na ciki 10 a kowace akwatin waje. 6.2 Bayanin Lakabi Lakabi akan kunshin sun ƙunshi lambobi da yawa: CPN: Lambar Samar da Abokin Ciniki P/N: Lambar Samarwa (misali, 383-2SDRC/S530-A3) QTY: Adadin Kunshin CAT: Matsayi na Karfin Haskawa (Binning) HUE: Matsayi na Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (Binning) REF: Matsayi na Karfin Lantarki na Gaba (Binning) LOT No: Lambar Lot don bin diddigin7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Tunani na Zane 7.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikace na Al'ada Wannan LED tana buƙatar mai iyakance halin yanzu mai sauƙi lokacin da aka tuƙa daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_source - V_F) / I_F. Don wadata na 5V da manufa I_F na 20mA tare da V_F=2.0V, R = (5 - 2.0) / 0.02 = 150 Ω. Dole ne a zaɓi resistor tare da isasshen ƙimar wutar lantarki (P = I_F² R). 7.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane Tukin Halin Yanzu: Koyaushe ku tuƙa tare da halin yanzu na akai-akai ko tushen da aka iyakance halin yanzu don kwanciyar hankali da tsawon rai. Kada ku haɗa kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da mai iyakance halin yanzu ba. Tsarin PCB: Tabbatar da ramukan PCB sun yi daidai da jagororin LED don guje wa damuwar injiniya. Samar da isasshen yanki na tagulla ko ramukan zafi don kawar da zafi idan ana aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma ko kusa da matsakaicin halin yanzu. Zane na Haskawa: Ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar kallo ta 6° ta sa wannan LED ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar katako mai mai da hankali. Don haske mai faɗi, ƙila ana buƙatar na'urorin gani na biyu (misali, ruwan tabarau).

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance 383-2SDRC/S530-A3 ya bambanta da kansa da farko ta hanyar amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP, wanda ke da inganci sosai don samar da launuka ja da amber. Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi ko wasu fararen LED masu faɗin bakan da ake amfani da su tare da tacewa, LED na AlGaInP suna ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske don hasken ja mai zurfi, yana haifar da mafi girman haske don wutar shigar da aka ba da ita. Takamaiman tsawon zango mafi girma na 650nm yana ba da launi mai cikawa wanda ya dace da alamomin matsayi da hasken baya inda tsaftar launi ke da mahimmanci.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'aunin Fasaha) 9.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Mafi Girma (650nm) da Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (639nm)? Tsawon zango mafi girma shine wurin mafi girman ƙarfi a cikin lankwasa fitarwa na bakan. Tsawon zango mai rinjaye shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon mutum ya gane wanda ya dace da launin hasken. Bambancin ya samo asali ne saboda siffar bakan fitarwa na LED da kuma hankalin idon mutum (amshan photopic). 9.2 Shin Zan iya Tuka Wannan LED a Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Ci Gaba na 25mA? Yayin da yake yiwuwa, gabaɗaya ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a ƙasa da madaidaicin ƙimar iyaka don inganta dogaron dogon lokaci da kuma lissafin hawan zazzabi. Yanayin aiki na al'ada da aka ƙayyade (20mA) wurin aiki ne mai aminci da daidaito wanda ke ba da ƙimar ƙarfin haskawa. 9.3 Yaya Muhimmanci ne Nisan 3mm mafi kankanta daga haɗin solder? Mai mahimmanci sosai. Solder kusa da 3mm zuwa kwalliyar epoxy na iya canja wurin zafi mai yawa zuwa cikin guntu na LED da haɗin waya na ciki, yana iya haifar da gazawar nan take ko lalacewa mai ɓoye wanda ke rage tsawon rai. Dole ne a bi wannan doka sosai yayin ƙirar PCB da haɗawa.

• 10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki Yanayi: Alamar Matsayi akan Router na Cibiyar Sadarwa Mai zane yana buƙatar alama mai haske, mara kuskure "Standby" ko "Kuskure". 383-2SDRC/S530-A3 zaɓi ne mai kyau. Babban ƙarfinsa na haskawa (2000 mcd al'ada) yana tabbatar da ganuwa ko da a cikin ɗakuna masu haske. Launin ja mai zurfi yana da alaƙa da "tsayawa" ko "gargadi". Mai zane zai: Zana PCB tare da ramuka masu dacewa da tazarar jagora na LED. Sanya resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na 150Ω a jere tare da LED, wanda aka haɗa zuwa filin GPIO na 5V daga microcontroller na router. Shirya microcontroller don kunna/kashe filin GPIO don sarrafa yanayin LED. Tabbatar da an sanya LED akan allon gaban router tare da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗe, yana amfani da ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar kallonsa don jagorantar haske zuwa ga mai amfani. Wannan aiwatarwa mai sauƙi tana ba da alamar matsayi mai dogaro, mai dorewa, kuma mai ganuwa sosai.
• 11. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki Fitilun Fitowa da Haskawa (LEDs) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n na kayan semiconductor (a wannan yanayin, AlGaInP), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. AlGaInP yana da bandgap wanda ya dace don samar da haske a cikin ɓangaren ja zuwa amber na bakan gani. Takamaiman doping da tsarin guntu an ƙera su don haɓaka ingancin wannan tsarin samar da haske.
• 12. Trends na Fasaha Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da mai da hankali kan haɓaka ingancin haskawa (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt na shigarwar lantarki), inganta daidaiton launi da cikawa, da haɓaka dogaro. Ga LED masu launi ɗaya kamar nau'in ja mai zurfi, trends sun haɗa da turawa don mafi girman haske a cikin ƙananan fakitin, inganta aikin zazzabi mai girma don aikace-aikacen mota da masana'antu, da ƙara inganta hanyoyin binning don ba masu zane madaidaicin iyakoki akan ma'auni masu mahimmanci kamar tsawon zango da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Turawa don ƙananan ƙira da haɗawa kuma yana ci gaba, tare da haɗa LED cikin ƙarin hadaddun modules da tsarin.
• Personal Computers

. Technical Parameter Deep-Dive Analysis

.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation under these conditions is not guaranteed.

• Continuous Forward Current (I_F): mA
• Reverse Voltage (V_R): V
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): V (Human Body Model)
• Power Dissipation (P_d): mW
• Operating Temperature (T_opr):-40°C to +85°C
• Storage Temperature (T_stg):-40°C to +100°C
• Soldering Temperature (T_sol):°C for 5 seconds (peak)

.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics (T_a=25°C)

The following parameters are measured under standard test conditions (I_F=20mA) and represent the device's typical performance.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v): (Min), 2000 (Typ) mcd. This high intensity is a key feature for visibility.
• Viewing Angle (2θ_/2):° (Typ). This narrow viewing angle concentrates light output, enhancing perceived brightness in the forward direction.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p): nm (Typ). Defines the spectral peak of the emitted light.
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d): nm (Typ). The wavelength perceived by the human eye.
• Spectrum Radiation Bandwidth (Δλ): nm (Typ). Indicates the spectral purity of the red light.
• Forward Voltage (V_F):.0 (Typ), 2.4 (Max) V at 20mA. A relatively low forward voltage is characteristic of AlGaInP technology.
• Reverse Current (I_R): μA (Max) at V_R=5V.

Note on Measurement Uncertainty: Luminous Intensity ±10%, Dominant Wavelength ±1.0nm, Forward Voltage ±0.1V.

. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that are crucial for design engineers.

.1 Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength

This curve shows the spectral power distribution, confirming the narrow bandwidth and peak around 650nm, which is ideal for applications requiring a saturated deep red color.

.2 Directivity Pattern

The radiation pattern illustrates the 6° typical viewing angle, showing how light intensity drops sharply outside the central beam, which is useful for directed lighting.

.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This graph is essential for designing the current-limiting circuitry. It shows the non-linear relationship between voltage and current, with the typical operating point at 20mA/2.0V.

.4 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current

This curve demonstrates that light output is approximately linear with current up to the maximum rated current, allowing for simple brightness modulation via current control.

.5 Temperature Dependence

Two critical curves are provided:

• Relative Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature:Shows the decrease in luminous output as temperature increases. Proper heat management is required to maintain brightness.
• Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature:Can be used to understand how the I-V characteristic shifts with temperature, important for constant-current driver design.

. Mechanical and Package Information

.1 Package Dimensions

The datasheet includes a detailed mechanical drawing of the LED package. Key dimensions include the lead spacing, body size, and overall height. Critical notes specify that the flange height must be less than 1.5mm and general tolerances are ±0.25mm unless otherwise stated.

.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is typically indicated by a flat spot on the lens, a shorter lead, or a specific marking on the package as shown in the dimension diagram. Correct polarity must be observed during assembly.

. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

Proper handling is critical to ensure reliability and prevent damage to the LED.

.1 Lead Forming

• Bend leads at a point at least 3mm from the epoxy bulb base.
• Perform forming before soldering.
• Avoid stressing the package. Misalignment during PCB mounting can cause stress and degradation.
• Cut leads at room temperature.

.2 Storage

• Store at ≤30°C and ≤70% RH. Shelf life is 3 months from shipment.
• For longer storage (up to 1 year), use a sealed container with nitrogen and desiccant.
• Avoid rapid temperature changes in humid environments to prevent condensation.

.3 Soldering Process

Key Rule:Maintain a minimum distance of 3mm from the solder joint to the epoxy bulb.

Hand Soldering:Iron tip temperature ≤300°C (30W max), soldering time ≤3 seconds.

Wave/Dip Soldering:Preheat ≤100°C for ≤60 sec. Solder bath at ≤260°C for ≤5 sec.

Soldering Profile:A recommended temperature-time profile is provided, emphasizing controlled ramp-up, a defined peak temperature zone, and a controlled cooldown. A rapid cooldown process is not recommended.

Important:Avoid stress on leads during high-temperature phases. Do not solder (dip/hand) more than once. Protect the LED from shock/vibration until it cools to room temperature after soldering.

.4 Cleaning

• Clean only if necessary using isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for ≤1 minute.
• Avoid ultrasonic cleaning. If absolutely required, pre-qualify the process to ensure no damage occurs.

.5 Heat Management

Thermal management must be considered during PCB and system design. The operating current should be de-rated appropriately based on the ambient temperature and the provided de-rating curves to ensure long-term reliability and maintain performance.

. Packaging and Ordering Information

.1 Packing Specification

• Anti-static Bag:Protects the LEDs from electrostatic discharge during transport and handling.
• Inner Carton:Contains multiple bags.
• Outside Carton:The final shipping container.
• Packing Quantity:Minimum 200-500 pieces per bag. 6 bags per inner carton. 10 inner cartons per outside carton.

.2 Label Explanation

Labels on the packaging contain several codes:

• CPN:Customer's Production Number
• P/N:Production Number (e.g., 383-2SDRC/S530-A3)
• QTY:Packing Quantity
• CAT:Ranks of Luminous Intensity (Binning)
• HUE:Ranks of Dominant Wavelength (Binning)
• REF:Ranks of Forward Voltage (Binning)
• LOT No:Lot Number for traceability

. Application Suggestions and Design Considerations

.1 Typical Application Circuits

This LED requires a simple series current-limiting resistor when driven from a voltage source. The resistor value (R) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: R = (V_source- V_F) / I_F. For a 5V supply and a target I_Fof 20mA with V_F=2.0V, R = (5 - 2.0) / 0.02 = 150 Ω. A resistor with sufficient power rating (P = I²R) should be selected.

.2 Design Considerations

• Current Drive:Always drive with a constant current or a current-limited source for stable brightness and longevity. Do not connect directly to a voltage source without a current limiter.
• PCB Layout:Ensure PCB holes align perfectly with LED leads to avoid mechanical stress. Provide adequate copper area or thermal vias for heat dissipation if operating at high ambient temperatures or near maximum current.
• Optical Design:The narrow 6° viewing angle makes this LED suitable for applications requiring a focused beam. For wider illumination, secondary optics (e.g., lenses) may be needed.

. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 383-2SDRC/S530-A3 differentiates itself primarily through its use of AlGaInP semiconductor material, which is highly efficient for producing red and amber colors. Compared to older technologies or some broad-spectrum white LEDs used with filters, AlGaInP LEDs offer superior luminous efficacy for deep red light, resulting in higher brightness for a given input power. The specific 650nm peak wavelength provides a saturated color ideal for status indicators and backlights where color purity is important.

. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

.1 What is the difference between Peak Wavelength (650nm) and Dominant Wavelength (639nm)?

Peak wavelength is the point of maximum power in the spectral output curve. Dominant wavelength is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye that matches the color of the light. The difference is due to the shape of the LED's emission spectrum and the sensitivity of the human eye (photopic response).

.2 Can I drive this LED at its maximum continuous current of 25mA?

While possible, it is generally recommended to operate below the absolute maximum rating for improved long-term reliability and to account for temperature rises. The typical operating condition specified (20mA) is a safe and standard operating point that delivers the rated luminous intensity.

.3 How critical is the 3mm minimum distance from the solder joint?

Very critical. Soldering closer than 3mm to the epoxy bulb can transfer excessive heat into the LED chip and internal wire bonds, potentially causing immediate failure or latent damage that reduces lifespan. This rule must be strictly followed during PCB design and assembly.

. Practical Use Case Example

Scenario: Status Indicator on a Network Router

A designer needs a bright, unmistakable "Standby" or "Error" indicator. The 383-2SDRC/S530-A3 is an excellent choice. Its high luminous intensity (2000 mcd typical) ensures visibility even in well-lit rooms. The deep red color is universally associated with "stop" or "warning." The designer would:

1. Design the PCB with holes matching the LED's lead spacing.
2. Place a 150Ω current-limiting resistor in series with the LED, connected to a 5V GPIO pin from the router's microcontroller.
3. Program the microcontroller to turn the GPIO pin on/off to control the LED state.
4. Ensure the LED is placed on the router's front panel with a clear aperture, taking advantage of its narrow viewing angle to direct light toward the user.

This simple implementation provides a reliable, long-lasting, and highly visible status indicator.

. Operating Principle Introduction

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light through electroluminescence. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction of the semiconductor material (in this case, AlGaInP), electrons and holes recombine in the active region, releasing energy in the form of photons. The wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material. AlGaInP has a bandgap suitable for producing light in the red to amber portion of the visible spectrum. The specific doping and structure of the chip are engineered to maximize the efficiency of this light generation process.

. Technology Trends

The LED industry continues to focus on increasing luminous efficacy (more light output per watt of electrical input), improving color consistency and saturation, and enhancing reliability. For monochromatic LEDs like the deep red type, trends include pushing for even higher brightness in smaller packages, improving high-temperature performance for automotive and industrial applications, and further refining binning processes to provide designers with tighter tolerances on key parameters like wavelength and forward voltage. The drive for miniaturization and integration also continues, with LEDs being incorporated into more complex modules and systems.