Bayanin Fasaha na LTL-M11KS1AH310Q - LED Mai Haske Mai Raɗaɗi (Yellow) tare da Ruwan Tabarau Mai Rarrafe (White Diffused Lens) - 10mA na Halin Yanzu - 2.5V Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki - Takaddun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTL-M11KS1AH310Q shi ne Mai Nuna Alama akan Allon Lantarki (CBI) wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Surface Mount Technology (SMT). Ya ƙunshi hannun filastik baƙi mai kusurwa madaidaiciya (gini) wanda aka ƙera don ya haɗu da takamaiman fitilar LED. Babban aikinsa shi ne ya zama mai nuna matsayi ko alamar wutar lantarki akan allunan lantarki (PCBs). Ƙirarsa ta jaddada sauƙin haɗawa da haɗawa cikin layukan samar da SMT na atomatik.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Daidaitawar SMT:An ƙera shi don daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa na Surface Mount, yana ba da damar cika allunan lantarki (PCBs) da yawa ta atomatik.
• Ƙarfafa Bambanci:Kayan ginin baƙi suna ba da babban bambanci da LED mai haske, yana inganta ganuwa.
• Sassaucin Ƙira:Siffar kusurwa madaidaiciya tana ba da damar fitar da haske a layi daya da jirgin allon lantarki (PCB), wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen kallon gefe ko ƙirar da ke da ƙarancin sarari.
• Abu Mai Kula da Muhalli:Samfurin ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi ka'idar Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari (RoHS).
• Amincewa:Na'urar tana jurewa ƙarfafawa zuwa matakin JEDEC Level 3, wanda ke nuna mai da hankali kan hankalin ɗanɗano da amincin abubuwan da aka haɗa a saman.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

Wannan mai nuna alama ya dace da kewayon kayan lantarki inda ake buƙatar amintaccen nuni na matsayi mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Sashin aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Na'urorin kwamfuta da allunan uwa
• Kayan sadarwa (na'urorin hanyar sadarwa, masu sauya, modem)
• Kayan lantarki na masu amfani (kayan sauti/bidiyo, kayan aikin gida)
• Tsarin sarrafa masana'antu da kayan aiki

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):72 mW matsakaici. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Halin Yanzu na DC Gaba (IF):30 mA matsakaicin halin yanzu mai ci gaba.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba:80 mA, ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 0.1ms).
• Kewayon Yanayin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don yanayin zafin masana'antu.
• Kewayon Yanayin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, an auna 2.0mm daga jiki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga hanyoyin guguwa ko solder na hannu.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne sigogin aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a yanayin yanayi (TA) na 25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 10mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Ya bambanta daga 8.7 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 50 mcd (matsakaici), tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 25 mcd. Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da tacewa wanda ya kusanci madaidaicin amsawar ido na ɗan adam (CIE). Takamaiman lambar rarrabuwar Iv ana yiwa alama akan marufin samfurin.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 40. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa (axial). Yana ayyana yaduwar katakon LED.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsakiya (λP):592 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitar da ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsakiya (λd):Ya bambanta daga 582 nm zuwa 595 nm, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 589 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launi (raɗaɗi, a wannan yanayin), wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko faɗin bandejin hasken da aka fitar.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ya bambanta daga 2.0V zuwa 2.5V, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 2.5V a IF=10mA.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):10 μA matsakaici lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.Mahimmanci:Wannan LED ba an ƙera shi don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin baya ba; wannan siga don dalilai na gwaji ne kawai.

3. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takaddun bayanan yana nuni zuwa madaidaitan lanƙwasa halaye waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin ƙira. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutu ba, ana nazarin abubuwan da suka haifar a ƙasa.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa zai nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi tsakanin halin yanzu ta hanyar LED da ƙarfin lantarki a cikinta. Matsakaicin VF na 2.5V a 10mA shine mahimmin wurin aiki. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan lanƙwasa don ƙididdige ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da ake buƙata don takamaiman ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

3.2 Ƙarfin Hasken da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan alaƙa gabaɗaya layi ne a cikin kewayon aiki. Ƙara halin yanzu na gaba yana ƙara fitowar haske, amma kuma yana ƙara watsawar wutar lantarki da zafin haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai iya shafar tsawon rai da canjin launi.

3.3 Rarraba Bakan

Zanen bakan da aka ambata zai nuna ƙarfin fitarwa mai alaƙa a tsawon zango, yana kololuwa a 592 nm (λP) tare da ƙayyadadden rabin faɗi na 15 nm (Δλ), yana tabbatar da fitar da raɗaɗi mai launi ɗaya.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

4.1 Girman Bayani da Gina

Na'urar tana da ginin filastik baƙi mai kusurwa madaidaiciya. Muhimman bayanan injiniya sun haɗa da:

• Duk girmansu ana bayar da su a cikin milimita, tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi yawanci ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi.
• Kayan ginin filastik baƙi ne.
• LED ɗin da aka haɗa yana fitar da hasken raɗaɗi ta hanyar ruwan tabarau mai rarrafe (white diffused lens), wanda ke taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo da tausasa wurin haske.

4.2 Gano Halayen Ƙarfi

Ga abubuwan SMT, yawanci ana nuna halayen ƙarfi ta hanyar alama akan ginin ko ta hanyar ƙirar kushin da ba ta daidaita ba akan sawun PCB. Zanen bayanin zai ƙayyade gano cathode/anode.

4.3 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Ana samar da samfurin a cikin marufi na tef da reel wanda ya dace da injunan ɗauka da sanyawa na atomatik.

• Tef ɗin Mai ɗauka:An yi shi da baƙin gubar polystyrene mai ɗaukar lantarki, mai kauri 0.40mm.
• Ƙarfin Reel:Guda 1,400 a kowace reel ɗin inci 13 na daidaitaccen.
• Marufin Akwati:Ana cika reels tare da busasshiyar abu da katin nuna ɗanɗano a cikin Jakunkunan Shinge na ɗanɗano (MBB). Ana cika MBBs uku a cikin akwati na ciki (gabaɗaya 4,200). Ana cika akwatuna goma na ciki a cikin akwati na waje (gabaɗaya 42,000).

5. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

5.1 Yanayin Ajiya

• Marufi Mai Rufi:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda.
• Marufi da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Yakamata a yi wa abubuwan solder na IR-reflow cikin sa'o'i 168 (mako 1) bayan fallasa. Idan an ajiye tsawon lokaci, ana buƙatar gasa na sa'o'i 48 a 60°C kafin a yi solder don cire ɗanɗanon da aka sha da hana "popcorning" yayin sake kwarara.

5.2 Sigogin Tsarin Solder

Solder na Hannu/Guguwa:Matsakaicin zafin gwangwani solder 350°C na ≤3 seconds. Don solder na guguwa, kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta 2mm daga ruwan tabarau/mai riƙe zuwa wurin solder. Matsakaicin zafin solder na jagora shine 260°C na dakika 5.

Solder na Reflow:Dole ne tsarin ya bi daidaitaccen bayanin zafin jiki na JEDEC. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da:

• Kafin Dumama: 150-200°C har zuwa dakika 120.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Reflow: Matsakaicin 260°C.
• Lokaci Sama da Liquidus: Matsakaicin dakika 5.
• Mahimmanci:Jimillar adadin zagayowar reflow bai kamata ya wuce biyu ba.

Dole ne a siffanta bayanin zafin jiki don takamaiman ƙirar PCB, manna solder, da tanda da aka yi amfani da su.

5.3 Tsaftacewa & Sarrafawa

• Yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol don tsaftacewa idan ya cancanta.
• Kauce wa duk wani damuwa na injiniya akan jagorori ko ruwan tabarau yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.

6. Aikace-aikace & Tunani na Ƙira

6.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da hana cin halin yanzu, resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jerewajibi nega kowane LED, ko da lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya zuwa tushen wutar lantarki guda (duba daidaitaccen Da'ira A a cikin takaddun bayanan). Haɗa LEDs kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Da'ira B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin halin yanzu don haka haske tsakanin na'urori.

Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply - VF_LED) / I_desired. Ta amfani da matsakaicin VF na 2.5V da halin yanzu da ake so na 10mA tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V: R = (5V - 2.5V) / 0.01A = 250 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor 240 ko 270 Ohm zai dace, kuma yakamata a duba ƙimar wutar lantarki (P = I²R).

6.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake watsawar wutar lantarki tana da ƙasa (72mW matsakaici), tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki a cikin ƙimar zafinta yana da mahimmanci ga amincin dogon lokaci. Isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB a kusa da kushin na iya taimakawa wajen watsar da zafi. Kauce wa aiki a matsakaicin halin yanzu (30mA) ci gaba sai dai idan binciken zafi ya tabbatar da cewa yana da lafiya.

6.3 Haɗin Gani

Ƙirar kusurwa madaidaiciya tana jagorantar haske a kwance a kan PCB. Yi la'akari da sanyawa dangane da bezels, bututun haske, ko allunan nuni. Ruwan tabarau mai rarrafe (white diffused lens) yana ba da wurin haske mai laushi, mafi faɗi idan aka kwatanta da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta.

7. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Mahimman abubuwan banbance na wannan SMT CBI su ne takamaiman haɗin halayensa: ginin baƙi mai kusurwa madaidaiciya, fasahar guntun AlInGaP na raɗaɗi (wanda aka sani da ingantacciyar inganci da kwanciyar hankali), ruwan tabarau mai rarrafe da aka haɗa don kusurwar kallo da bayyanar, da cancantarsa don daidaitattun hanyoyin reflow na SMT gami da ƙarfafawa kafin JEDEC Level 3. Wannan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai ƙarfi don samar da atomatik na ƙwararrun lantarki da na masana'antu inda aminci da ci gaba da aiki suke da mahimmanci.

8. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

8.1 Menene manufar "lambar rarrabuwar Iv" akan jakar?

Ƙarfin hasken (Iv) na LEDs na iya bambanta daga rukuni zuwa rukuni a cikin ƙayyadadden iyaka min/max. Lambar rarrabuwa tana ba da damar gano asali da zaɓi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaiton haske.

8.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 20mA maimakon 10mA?

Ee, matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC gaba shine 30mA. Tuƙi a 20mA zai samar da mafi girman fitowar haske (duba lanƙwasa Iv vs. IF) amma kuma zai ƙara watsawar wutar lantarki (Pd = VF * IF) da zafin haɗin gwiwa. Tabbatar cewa jimillar Pd bai wuce 72mW ba kuma yanayin zafi ya yarda.

8.3 Me yasa ake buƙatar gasa idan an buɗe jakar fiye da sa'o'i 168?

Marufin filastik na SMT yana sha ɗanɗano daga yanayi. A lokacin babban zafin jiki na tsarin solder na reflow, wannan ɗanɗanon da aka kama zai iya yin tururi da sauri, yana haifar da matsa lamba na ciki wanda zai iya lalata marufin ko fashe da mutuwa ("popcorning"). Gasa yana fitar da wannan ɗanɗanon da aka sha, yana mai da kayan aikin ya zama lafiya don reflow.

9. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira Mai Amfani

Yanayi:Ƙirar allon nuna matsayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa ta masana'antu. Ana buƙatar alamomin wutar lantarki/aiki na raɗaɗi guda huɗu iri ɗaya, waɗanda aka shimfiɗa tare da gefe ɗaya na PCB, ana iya gani daga allon gaba.

Aiwatarwa:

1. Zaɓin Kayan Aiki:An zaɓi LTL-M11KS1AH310Q saboda fitar da kusurwa madaidaiciya (haske yana tafiya zuwa gefen allon), daidaitawar SMT (haɗawa ta atomatik), da ƙimar zafin masana'antu.
2. Shimfiɗar PCB:An sanya sawu iri ɗaya huɗu tare da ruwan tabarau yana fuskantar gefen allon. Halayen cathode/anode sun yi daidai. An haɗa ɗan ƙaramin yanki na tagulla zuwa kushin na zafi don watsar da zafi.
3. Ƙirar Da'ira:Ana amfani da layin dogo na 5V gama gari. Kowane LED yana da nasa resistor 240Ω mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere, wanda aka ƙididdige shi don kusan halin yanzu na tuƙi 10mA ((5V - 2.5V)/240Ω ≈ 10.4mA). Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske.
4. Bayanan Masana'antu:An umurci gidan haɗawa da ya bi bayanin zafin jiki na JEDEC reflow tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki ≤260°C. Ana adana abubuwan a cikin jakunkunan da aka rufe har kafin saitin layin SMT don biyawa rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 168.

10. Ka'idar Aiki

Na'urar diode ce mai fitar da haske (LED). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF), electrons suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka a cikin kayan semiconductor (AlInGaP - Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin layukan semiconductor yana ƙayyade tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin yankin raɗaɗi (~589 nm matsakaicin tsawon zango). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai rarrafe yana rufe guntun, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana siffanta fitowar haske (kusurwar kallo digiri 40), da kuma yada tushen haske don bayyanar mai laushi.

11. Trends na Fasaha

Amfani da kayan AlInGaP don LED na raɗaɗi yana wakiltar fasaha mai girma kuma mai inganci sosai. Trends na gabaɗaya a cikin LED na nuna alama sun haɗa da ci gaba da raguwa, ƙara ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace watt), faɗaɗar amfani da ƙa'idodin marufi da gwaji masu inganci (kamar matakan JEDEC MSL), da haɗa fasalulluka kamar resistors na ciki ko direbobin IC don sauƙaƙe ƙirar da'ira. Mai da hankali kan RoHS da sauran ƙa'idodin bin ka'idojin muhalli ya kasance mai ƙarfi a duk faɗin masana'antu.