Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na LED Mai Haske Mai Tsananin Tsananin T-13/4 (5mm) - Diamita 5mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.0-2.4V - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 120mW - Launuka Daga Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi zuwa Rawaya

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da jerin LED masu tsananin haske masu diamita T-13/4 (5mm). Waɗannan sune kayan aikin cikin rami da aka ƙera don ɗora su akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko bangon kayan aiki. An gina LED ɗin ta amfani da fasahar semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) akan Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), an kuma rufe su da fakitin epoxy mai tsabta kamar ruwa. Wannan jerin yana da halayen fitar da haske mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ganuwa mai ƙarfi da inganci.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Ƙarfin Haske Mai Ƙarfi:Yana fitar da haske mai tsananin haske, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimomi sun bambanta bisa samfurin da launi.
• Ƙarancin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki:Yana aiki da inganci tare da na'urar gaba ta yau da kullun na 20mA.
• Inganci Mai Ƙarfi:Yana ba da fitar haske mai mahimmanci dangane da shigarwar lantarki.
• Dora Mai Sauƙi:Zane na yau da kullun na cikin rami wanda ya dace da PCB ko dora bangon kayan aiki.
• Daidaitawa da IC:Can be driven directly by integrated circuits due to low current requirements.
• Fakitin Daidaitacce:Siffar diamita T-13/4 (5mm) da aka fi so.

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace

Ana nufin waɗannan LED ɗin da farko ga aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar sigina mai tsabta da haske. Aikace-aikacen yau da kullun sun haɗa da nunin saƙo da nau'ikan alamomi daban-daban, kamar alamomin zirga-zirga, inda ganuwa mai ƙarfi daga nesa ke da mahimmanci.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

An ayyana aikin waɗannan LED ɗin a cikin ma'auni na lantarki da na gani da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta tsakanin jerin samfuran daban-daban (F, H, P, R) waɗanda aka bambanta ta kusurwar kallonsu.

2.1 Ƙididdiga na Iyakar Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimomin an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):Matsakaicin 120 mW.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (I_FP):Ya bambanta daga 90 mA zuwa 130 mA dangane da bambancin launi, a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms).
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (I_F):50 mA ga duk bambance-bambance.
• Factor Derating:0.6 mA/°C a layi daga 70°C don ƙarfin gaba.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):Matsakaicin 5 V (a I_R= 100 µA).
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na tsawon dakika 5, an auna 1.6mm (0.063\") daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a T_A=25°C da I_F=20mA. An ayyana jerin ta hanyar kusurwar kallo: Jerin F (8°), Jerin H (15°), Jerin P (22°), da Jerin R (30°). Ƙarfin haske yana da alaƙa da kusurwar kallo.

2.2.1 Jerin F (Kusurwar Kallo 8°)

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):Ya bambanta daga 3200-5500 mcd (Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi) zuwa 4200-7800 mcd (sauran launuka).
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 2.0V zuwa 2.4V, tare da Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi a 1.9V zuwa 2.3V.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P):Ya faɗo daga 588 nm (Rawaya) zuwa 639 nm (Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi).
• Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Ya faɗo daga 587 nm (Rawaya) zuwa 631 nm (Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi).
• Faɗin Rabe-raben Rabe-raben (Δλ):Ya bambanta daga 15 nm zuwa 20 nm.

2.2.2 Jerin H (Kusurwar Kallo 15°)

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):Ya bambanta daga 1500-2400 mcd (Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi) zuwa 1900-3400 mcd (sauran launuka).
• Halayen lantarki da na gani (V_F, λ_P, λ_d, Δλ) sun yi daidai da Jerin F.

2.2.3 Jerin P (Kusurwar Kallo 22°)

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):Ya bambanta daga 880-1400 mcd (Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi) zuwa 1150-2000 mcd (sauran launuka).
• Halayen lantarki da na gani (V_F, λ_P, λ_d, Δλ) sun yi daidai da Jerin F da H.

2.2.4 Ma'auni na Gama-gari

• Ƙarfin Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 µA a V_R= 5V.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (C):Yawanci 40 pF a V_F= 0V, f = 1 MHz.

2.3 Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Takardar bayanin tana nuna tsarin binning na ƙarfin haske.

• Binning na Ƙarfin Haske:An rarraba samfuran zuwa matsayi biyu (misali, ƙananan ƙimomi da ƙimomin yau da kullun). An yiwa lambar rarrabuwar binning ta musamman akan kowane jakar tattarawa.
• Binning na Launi/Tsawon Tsawon:Tsarin lambar ɓangaren yana ayyana launi da halayen tsawon tsawon daidai (misali, \"RK\" don Ja Mai Tsananin Zafi, \"EK\" don Ja). Babu ƙarin binning a cikin lambar launi.

3. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

3.1 Girman Fakitin

LED yana da fakitin jagora na radial na yau da kullun tare da ruwan tabarau mai diamita 5mm (T-13/4).

• Diamita na Jiki:Yawanci 5.0mm.
• Tazarar Jagora:An auna inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin fakitin.
• Resin Mai Tsinkaya:Ƙarƙashin flange shine matsakaicin 1.0mm (0.04\").
• Jurewa:±0.25mm (0.010\") sai dai idan an ƙayyade.

3.2 Gano Polarity

Kayan aikin yana amfani da polarity na LED na yau da kullun. Jagoran da ya fi tsayi yawanci shine anode (tabbatacce), kuma ɗan gajeren jagora shine cathode (maras kyau). Hakanan ana iya nuna cathode ta wurin fili a gefen ruwan tabarau na filastik. Koyaushe tabbatar da polarity kafin yin solder don hana lalacewar bias na baya.

4. Jagororin Solder & Taro

4.1 Solder na Hannu ko Igwa

Don ɗora cikin rami, ana iya amfani da dabarun solder na igwa ko na hannu na yau da kullun.

• Iyakar Zazzabi:Jagororin za su iya jure 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5. An ɗauki wannan ma'aunin 1.6mm (0.063\") daga jikin filastik na LED.
• Gudanar da Zafi:A guji amfani da zafi na tsawon lokaci don hana lalacewa ga fakitin epoxy da kuma ɓawon burodi na semiconductor na ciki. Yi amfani da mai sanyaya zafi (misali, tweezers) akan jagora tsakanin wurin solder da jikin LED idan ya cancanta.

4.2 Yanayin Ajiya

Don kiyaye iyawar solder da cikakkiyar na'urar, ajiye LED ɗin a cikin jakunkun shinge na danshi na asali a cikin yanayin da aka sarrafa a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin ajiya na -55°C zuwa +100°C. Guji yanayin da ke da babban danshi ko iskar gas mai lalata.

5. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

5.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Alamun Saƙo & Nunin:Mafi kyau don alamomin yanayi, nunin rubutu masu jujjuyawa, ko bangarorin bayanai inda ake buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi don ganuwar hasken rana.
• Alamomin Zirga-zirga & Sigina:Ya dace da fitilun sigina na taimako, alamomin ketare masu tafiya a ƙasa, ko wasu aikace-aikacen da suka shafi zirga-zirga waɗanda ke buƙatar takamaiman launuka (ja, amber, rawaya).
• Alamomin Masana'antu:Fitilun yanayin na'ura, alamomin gargadi akan bangarorin sarrafawa.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Alamomin wutar lantarki, hasken baya don ƙananan nunin.

5.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane

• Iyakar Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu. Lissafa ƙimar resistor dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_CC), ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (V_F), da ƙarfin gaba da ake so (I_F, yawanci 20mA). Tsari: R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F.
• Zaɓin Kusurwar Kallo:Zaɓi jerin dangane da tsarin hasken da ake buƙata. Yi amfani da kusurwa mai kunkuntar (8° Jerin F) don kallon da aka yi niyya, mai nisa. Yi amfani da kusurwoyi masu faɗi (22° Jerin P, 30° Jerin R) don haske mai faɗi, mafi yaduwa.
• Gudanar da Thermal:Duk da cewa rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa yanayin zafin aiki bai wuce 100°C ba. Don zane-zane tare da LED ɗin da yawa ko a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma, yi la'akari da tazara da yuwuwar iska.
• Kariya daga Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Ko da yake LED zai iya jure har zuwa 5V a baya, yana da kyau a guji fallasa shi ga bias na baya. A cikin da'irar AC ko na jujjuyawar polarity, haɗa diode na baya-baya don kariya.

6. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED ɗin 5mm na yau da kullun na tsohon zamani (misali, ta amfani da fasahar GaP ko GaAsP), wannan jerin na tushen AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci:

• Mafi Girman Inganci & Haske:Fasahar AlInGaP tana ba da ingancin haske mafi girma, yana haifar da ƙarfin haske mafi girma don irin wannan yanayin tuƙi.
• Ingantacciyar Jikewa Launi:Halayen gani (kunkuntar rabin faɗin) na iya haifar da launuka mafi tsafta da jikewa, musamman a cikin kewayon ja zuwa amber.
• Zaɓuɓɓukan Kusurwar Kallo Mai Faɗi:Samun damar kusurwoyin kallo da yawa, waɗanda aka ayyana da kyau (8°, 15°, 22°, 30°) daga irin wannan fasahar asali yana ba masu zane damar daidaita rarraba haske daidai don aikace-aikacensu ba tare da canza halayen lantarki ko launi na LED ba.

7. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

7.1 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Tsawon Kololuwa da Tsawon Tsawon Mafi Girma?

Tsawon Tsawon Kololuwa (λ_P)shine tsawon tsawon lokacin da rarraba ƙarfin gani na hasken da LED ke fitarwa yana kan iyakar sa.Tsawon Tsawon Mafi Girma (λ_d)an samo shi daga zanen chromaticity na CIE; shine tsawon tsawon launin gani guda ɗaya wanda ya dace da launin da aka gane na hasken LED. Ga LED ɗin da ke da bakan fadi, waɗannan ƙimomin na iya bambanta. Tsawon tsawon mafi girma sau da yawa yana wakiltar launin da mutum ya gane.

7.2 Ta yaya zan zaɓa tsakanin jerin F, H, P?

Zaɓin yana da tushe da farko akan tsarin hasken da ake buƙata da ƙarfi. TheJerin F (8°)yana tattara haske zuwa cikin ƙunƙuntaccen haske mai ƙarfi, wanda ya dace da nuni mai nisa. TheJerin H (15°)yana ba da ma'auni mai kyau na ƙarfi da yaduwa. TheJerin P (22°)daJerin R (30°)suna ba da haske mai faɗi sosai, mafi yaduwa wanda ya dace da hasken yanki ko kallon kusurwa mai faɗi. Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da kusurwar kallo ke ƙaruwa.

7.3 Shin zan iya tuƙa waɗannan LED ɗin ba tare da resistor mai iyakance yanzu ba?

No.LED ɗin na'urori ne masu tuƙi na yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da jurewa da ƙimar zafi mara kyau (yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi). Haɗawa kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da yawan yanzu da zai iya wuce Ƙididdiga na Iyakar Iyaka don Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba (50mA) kuma ya lalata na'urar. Resistor na jerin ya zama dole don aiki mai tsayi da aminci.

7.4 Menene ma'anar ruwan tabarau \"Ruwa Mai Tsabta\"?

Ruwan tabarau \"Ruwa Mai Tsabta\" ko maras yaduwa yana da tsabta sosai. Wannan yana ba da damar cikakken ƙarfin ɓawon burodi na LED a yi aiki, yana haifar da mafi girman ƙarfin haske da yiwuwa da kuma tsarin haske da aka ayyana (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin bambance-bambancen kusurwar kallo). Ba ya watsa haske kamar yadda ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa (madara) zai yi.

8. Harka na Zane na Aiki

Yanayi:Zana alamar \"KUNNA\" mai ganuwa mai ƙarfi, mai amfani da baturi don kayan aikin waje wanda dole ne a iya gani a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Launin alamar ya kamata ya zama ja.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Zane:

1. Zaɓin LED:ZaɓiLTL2F3VEKNT(Ja, kusurwar kallo 8°, Jerin F). Ƙunƙuntaccen hasken 8° yana tattara ƙarfin haske (1900-3100 mcd na yau da kullun) zuwa cikin wuri mai ƙarfi, yana ƙara girman hasken da mai kallo kai tsaye yake gani a gaba. Launin ja shine ma'auni don alamomin \"kunna wutar lantarki\".
2. Da'irar Tuƙi:Ana amfani da na'urar ta hanyar layin dogo na 5V. Ta amfani da V na yau da kullun_Fna 2.4V da manufa I_Fna 20mA: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ω. Za a yi amfani da resistor na yau da kullun 130Ω ko 150Ω 1/4W a jere.
3. Shimfidawa:An sanya LED ɗin cikin rami akan bangon gaba. Ana iya sanya resistor mai iyakance yanzu akan babban PCB. Tabbatar da cewa polarity na LED yana daidai yayin haɗawa.
4. Sakamako:Alamar ja mai haske sosai, mai mai da hankali wacce ke cinye kawai 20mA * 2.4V = 48mW na wutar lantarki, yana cikin ƙimar na'urar 120mW, yana tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci.

9. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Fasaha

Waɗannan LED ɗin sun dogara ne akanAluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP)kayan semiconductor da aka girma akan substrate na Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). Ka'idar aiki ita ce electroluminescence.

1. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki.
2. A cikin yankin aiki na AlInGaP, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa. Makamashin da aka saki yayin wannan sake haɗuwa ana fitar da shi ta hanyar photons (haske).
3. Takamaiman launin hasken (tsawon tsawon) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar makamashin bandgap na gawa na AlInGaP, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar daidaiton rabo na Aluminum, Indium, Gallium, da Phosphorus yayin girma crystal. Ƙara ƙarin Aluminum da Indium yana ƙara bandgap, yana motsa hasken da aka fitar daga ja zuwa rawaya/kore.
4. Fakitin epoxy \"ruwa mai tsabta\" yana aiki azaman ruwan tabarau, yana siffanta fitar haske kuma yana ba da kariya ta injiniya da muhalli don ɓawon burodi na semiconductor mai laushi.

10. Trends na Ci gaba

Duk da yake wannan takardar bayanin tana wakiltar samfurin da ya balaga kuma ana amfani da shi sosai, fasahar LED tana ci gaba da haɓaka. Trends masu dacewa da wannan nau'in na'urar sun haɗa da:

• Ƙara Ingantacciyar:Ci gaban kimiyyar kayan aiki da ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu suna haifar da ingancin haske mafi girma (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), yana ba da damar ko dai fitarwa mai haske a irin wannan yanzu ko irin wannan haske tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.
• Daidaiton Launi & Binning:Ci gaban girma na epitaxial da sarrafa tsari yana ba da damar ƙuntataccen rarraba tsawon tsawon da ƙarfin haske, yana rage buƙatar binning mai yawa kuma yana ba da mafi daidaitaccen aiki daga na'urar zuwa na'urar.
• Sabbin Abubuwan Fakitin:Duk da yake fakitin T-13/4 ya kasance daidaitacce don aikace-aikacen cikin rami, akwai sauyin masana'antu gaba ɗaya zuwa fakitin na'urar ɗora saman (SMD) don yawancin sabbin ƙira saboda ƙananan girman su da dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik. Duk da haka, LED ɗin cikin rami suna riƙe da mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar ƙira, kayan koyarwa, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen aminci ko haɗawa da hannu.
• Faɗaɗa Kewayon Launi:Haɓaka sabbin kayan semiconductor (kamar InGaN don shuɗi/kore/fari) ya haɗa da AlInGaP, yana ba da damar cikakken nunin launi. Don alamomin monochromatic, AlInGaP ya kasance babbar fasaha don LED ɗin ja, orange, da amber masu haske.