Takardar Bayanin LED Mai Launuka Biyu T-1 3/4 - Diamita 5.0mm - Ja 2.4V / Kore 2.6V - Karfin 75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai na fitilar LED mai launuka biyu, mai rami, a cikin da'irar T-1 3/4. Na'urar tana haɗa guntayen fitilar ja da kore a cikin ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta, wanda ke ba da damar samar da launuka biyu daban-daban daga kayan aiki ɗaya. An tsara shi don aikace-aikacen nuna alama na gabaɗaya a cikin kayan lantarki iri-iri.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin muhalli marasa gubar (Pb-Free) da RoHS, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa don buƙatun masana'antu na zamani. An zaɓi guntayen ja da kore masu dacewa don samar da halayen fitilar haske iri ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar ƙwaƙƙwaran ta ba da tsawon rayuwar aiki da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙirar tsarin mai inganci da amintacce.

Kasuwarmar da aka yi niyya ta ƙunshi aikace-aikace a cikin kayan aikin ofis, na'urorin sadarwa, kayan amfani na gida, da sauran na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci inda ake buƙatar nuna matsayi mai tsabta da amintacce.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

An siffanta na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi (T_A) na 25°C. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin. An ƙididdige ƙarfin wutar lantarki na guntayen ja da kore a 75 mW. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba, wanda ya shafi yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms), shine 90 mA. Matsakaicin ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba shine 30 mA ga kowane guntun. Faktor na ragewa na 0.57 mA/°C yana aiki a layi daga 50°C zuwa sama, ma'ana halin yanzu mai izini yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa don hana zafi.

An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, kuma kewayon zafin ajiya daga -55°C zuwa +100°C, wanda ke nuna ingantaccen aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Don haɗawa, igiyoyin za su iya jure gyaruwa a 260°C na iyakar 5 seconds, muddin wurin gyaruwa ya kasance aƙalla 2.0 mm nesa da jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Hasken Gani

An auna mahimman sigogi na aiki a T_A=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, wanda shine daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji.

Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (I_v):An rarraba fitowar haske zuwa kwantena. Ga duka guntayen ja da kore, matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken gani shine 880 mcd, tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙima suna farawa daga 520 mcd kuma matsakaicin ƙima suna kaiwa 1500 mcd. An yi amfani da iyakar ±15% ga iyakokin kwantena. Ana auna ƙarfin hasken gani ta amfani da haɗin firikwensin da ke kusan lanƙwasa amsawar ido na photopic (CIE).

Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Kusurwar dubawa, wacce aka ayyana a matsayin cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, shine digiri 30 ga duka launuka. Wannan yana nuna katakon haske mai mai da hankali wanda ya dace da dubawa kai tsaye.

Halayen Tsawon Tsawon Hasken:

- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Hasken (λ_p):Ja: 650 nm, Kore: 565 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsawon haske inda rarraba ƙarfin haske ya fi girma.

- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Hasken (λ_d):Ja: 634-644 nm (Typ. 639 nm), Kore: 565-578 nm (Typ. 569 nm). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon haske guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.

- Rabin Faɗin Layin Hasken (Δλ):Ja: 20 nm, Kore: 30 nm. Wannan sigogi yana bayyana tsabtar haske ko faɗin hasken da aka fitar.

Sigogi na Lantarki:

- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Ja: 2.0-2.4 V (Typ. 2.4 V), Kore: 2.1-2.6 V (Typ. 2.6 V).

- Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a tsara na'urar don aikin baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji ne kawai don siffanta.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba Kwantena

An rarraba ƙarfin hasken gani na LEDs zuwa kwantena don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace. Rarraba kwantena iri ɗaya ne ga duka guntayen ja da kore.

• Lambar Kwantena M:520 mcd (Min) zuwa 680 mcd (Max)
• Lambar Kwantena N:680 mcd (Min) zuwa 880 mcd (Max)
• Lambar Kwantena P:880 mcd (Min) zuwa 1150 mcd (Max)
• Lambar Kwantena Q:1150 mcd (Min) zuwa 1500 mcd (Max)

An ƙayyade cikakkiyar na'urar ta haɗin lambobi biyu: X-X (Ƙarfin Hasken Gani JA – Ƙarfin Hasken Gani KORE). Misali, wani sashe da aka yiwa alama \"N-P\" zai sami guntun ja daga Kwantena N (680-880 mcd) da guntun kore daga Kwantena P (880-1150 mcd). Iyakar iyakar kowane kwantena shine ±15%.

4. Bincike kan Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan zane a cikin takardar bayanai (misali, Fig.1 don rarraba haske, Fig.5 don kusurwar dubawa), lanƙwasan na yau da kullun za su kwatanta alaƙar da ke da mahimmanci don ƙira:

Lanƙwasa I-V:Yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F). Ga LEDs, wannan lanƙwasa ce mai ƙima. An ƙayyade V_Fa 20mA yana ba da mahimmin wurin aiki. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere don saita halin yanzu na aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin da'irar tuƙi da aka ba da shawarar.

Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Fitowar haske gabaɗaya yana daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin kewayon aiki. Yin aiki sama da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici na iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawa.

Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Fitowar hasken LED yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ke ƙaruwa. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu na gaba yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da sarrafa wannan tasirin zafi don kiyaye aiki da aminci.

Rarraba Hasken:Zane-zane na matsakaicin tsawon hasken da aka fitar (λ_p) suna nuna ƙarfin haske mai dacewa a tsawon haske daban-daban, suna tabbatar da launi mai rinjaye da faɗin haske.

5. Bayanin Na'ura & Kunshin

LED yana cikin kunshin T-1 3/4, wanda yayi daidai da daidaitaccen diamita 5.0 mm na ruwan tabarau mai zagaye. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin millimeters, tare da iyakar gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Resin ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin flange na iya fitowa da iyakar 1.0mm.
• Ana auna tazarar igiyoyin a wurin da igiyoyin suka fita daga jikin kunshin.
• Yawanci ana nuna polarity ta hanyar mafi tsayin igiya kasancewa anode (+) da/ko wuri mai lebur a gefen ruwan tabarau kusa da igiyar cathode (-). Dole ne a tabbatar da takamaiman pinout don aikin launuka biyu (anode gama gari ko cathode gama gari) daga zanen kunshin da aka ambata a cikin cikakkiyar takardar bayanai.

6. Jagororin Gyaruwa & Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci ga aminci.

Ajiya:Ya kamata a adana LEDs a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Idan an cire su daga ainihin jakar shinge na danshi, ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsawo, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da busassun abu ko yanayin nitrogen.

Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kawai kamar isopropyl alcohol idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa.

Siffar Igya:Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a zafin daki, kafin gyaruwa. Lanƙwasa ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada ku yi amfani da jikin kunshin a matsayin fulcrum.

Haɗin PCB:Aiwatar da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfi don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan igiyoyin.

Gyaruwa:

- Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin gyaruwa.

- Kada ku taɓa nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin gyaruwa.

- Guji damuwa akan igiyoyin yayin gyaruwa mai zafi.

- Sharuɗɗan da aka ba da Shawara:

  * Ƙarfe na Gyaruwa:Matsakaicin 350°C na matsakaicin 3 seconds (sau ɗaya kawai).

  * Gyaruwar Igwa:Pre-heat ≤100°C na ≤60 sec, igwan gyaruwa ≤260°C na ≤5 sec.

- Mahimmanci:Gyaruwar IR reflow bai dace da wannan nau'in LED mai rami ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawa mai tsanani.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Daidaitaccen tsarin kunshin shine kamar haka:

- 500 ko 200 guda a kowace jakar tattarawa mai hana tashin hankali.

- An sanya jakunkuna 10 a cikin akwati na ciki (Jimlar 5,000).

- An tattara akwatuna na ciki 8 a cikin akwati na waje (Jimlar 40,000).

Takamaiman lambar sashe na wannan na'urar ita ce LTL30EKDKGK.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED mai launuka biyu ya dace don masu nuna matsayi iri-iri. Amfanin gama gari sun haɗa da masu nuna wutar lantarki/tsaye (ja/kore), fitilolin matsalar/laifi, masu nuna zaɓin yanayi akan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da masu nuna panel akan kayan sarrafa masana'antu. Ƙirar sa mai rami ya sa ya dace da duka allunan samfuri da samfuran da ke amfani da haɗin PCB na gargajiya.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da ƙira

Da'irar Tuƙi:LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya, musamman lokacin haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, yanada shawara sosaidon amfani da takamaiman resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED (Samfurin Da'irar A). Yin amfani da resistor guda ɗaya don LEDs da yawa a layi daya (Samfurin Da'irar B) ba a ba da shawarar ba saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na kowane LED (V_F), wanda zai iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halin yanzu, saboda haka, haske.

Kariya daga ESD:LEDs suna da hankali ga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD). Matakan rigakafi yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa wajibi ne:

- Yi amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu ƙasa ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali.

- Tabbatar cewa duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rukunonin ajiya suna da ƙasa da kyau.

- Yi amfani da masu ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye a yankin aikin.

Gudanar da Zafi:Ku bi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki da rage halin yanzu. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara akan PCB kuma ku yi la'akari da yanayin aiki don hana zafin haɗin LED ya wuce iyakoki masu aminci, wanda ke kiyaye fitowar haske da tsawon rayuwa.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs masu launi ɗaya, wannan na'urar mai launuka biyu tana adana sararin allo kuma tana sauƙaƙa haɗawa ta haɗa ayyuka biyu a cikin kunshin ɗaya. Amfani da fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide) ga duka guntayen ja da kore yana ba da fa'idodi akan tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP, gami da mafi girman inganci, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki, da mafi daidaitaccen tsabtar launi. Aikin guntun da ya dace yana tabbatar da cewa fitar da ja da kore suna da daidaito lokacin da aka tuƙa su a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya. Kunshin T-1 3/4 shine daidaitaccen girman masana'antu, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai mai faɗi tare da shimfidar PCB da yankewar panel.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa guntayen ja da kore lokaci ɗaya don ƙirƙirar hasken rawaya/lemu?

A1: Wannan takardar bayanai ba ta ƙayyade halaye don aiki lokaci ɗaya ba. Haɗa launuka ta hanyar tuƙa guntayen biyu yana buƙatar kulawar halin yanzu don cimma launin da ake so kuma yana ƙarƙashin bambance-bambance tsakanin LEDs ɗaya. Don aikace-aikacen launuka iri-iri ko haɗa launuka, takamaiman LED na RGB ko LED mai launuka uku tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun launuka haɗaɗɗu zai fi dacewa.

Q2: Menene bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin tsawon haske da matsakaicin tsawon haske?

A2: Matsakaicin tsawon haske (λ_p) shine tsawon hasken zahiri inda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ƙarfin haske. Matsakaicin tsawon haske (λ_d) ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige bisa fahimtar launin ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) wanda ke wakiltar launin \"tsantsa\" da muke gani. Ga LEDs masu launi ɗaya kamar waɗannan, suna kusa amma ba iri ɗaya ba; λ_dshine mafi dacewa sigogi don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q3: Me yasa ake buƙatar resistor a jere ko da ƙarfin lantarkina ya yi daidai da V na LED_F?

A3: V_Fmatsakaicin ƙima ne tare da kewayon. Ƙananan canji a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na iya haifar da babban canji a cikin halin yanzu saboda lanƙwasa I-V mai ƙima na LED. Resistor a jere yana sa halin yanzu ya zama ƙasa da hankali ga bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da V_F, yana samar da aiki mai tsayayye da aminci.

Q4: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan LED don hasken cikin mota?

A4: Wannan takardar bayanai ta bayyana cewa LED na \"kayan lantarki na yau da kullun\" ne. Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar aminci na musamman, kamar mota, jirgin sama, ko na'urorin likita, suna buƙatar tuntuɓar masana'anta kuma mai yiwuwa samfurin da ya cancanta ga takamaiman ƙa'idodin matakin mota (misali, AEC-Q102). Wannan daidaitaccen samfuri bazai dace ba.

11: Nazarin Harka na Ƙira

Yanayi:Ƙirƙirar mai nuna matsayi biyu don na'urar wutar lantarki. Kore yana nufin \"Wutar Lantarki Tare/Fitar da Kyau,\" kuma ja yana nufin \"Laifi/Overload.\"

Ai watar:

1. Ƙirar Da'ira:Yi amfani da tsarin cathode gama gari (tabbatar daga zanen kunshin). Haɗa anodes biyu (ja da kore) zuwa filayen GPIO na microcontroller ko da'irori na dabaru ta hanyar keɓance masu iyakance halin yanzu. Cathode gama gari yana haɗawa da ƙasa.

2. Ƙididdigar Resistor:Zaton wutar lantarki 5V (V_CC), manufa I_F= 20mA, da matsakaicin V_Fna 2.4V (Ja) da 2.6V (Kore).

- R_ja= (V_CC- V_{F_ja}) / I_F= (5 - 2.4) / 0.02 = 130 Ω. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 130 Ω ko 150 Ω.

- R_kore= (5 - 2.6) / 0.02 = 120 Ω. Yi amfani da daidaitaccen resistor 120 Ω.

3. Shimfidar PCB:Sanya LED akan panel na gaba. Tabbatar cewa ramukan igiyoyin sun yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun tazarar igiya. Ka nisantar da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi don guje wa tasirin zafi akan aikin LED.

4. Software/Dabaru:Tabbatar da dabaru na tuƙi suna hana duka LEDs kasancewa a kan ci gaba da juna lokaci ɗaya idan ba a so, don sarrafa ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon haske (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin wannan na'urar, ana amfani da AlInGaP (Aluminium Indium Gallium Phosphide) ga duka guntayen ja da kore, tare da abubuwan da suka daban-daban suna samar da bandgaps daban-daban da ake buƙata don fitar da ja (~650 nm) da kore (~565 nm).

13. Trends na Fasaha

Masana'antar LED na ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa mafi girman inganci, mafi girman aminci, da faɗaɗa aikace-aikace. Ga LEDs masu nuna alama kamar wannan, trends sun haɗa da:

- Ƙananan Girma:Haɓaka ƙananan girman kunshin (misali, 3mm, 2mm, 1.6mm) yayin kiyayewa ko inganta fitowar haske.

- Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaba da inganta a cikin kayan AlInGaP da InGaN (don shuɗi/kore/fari) yana haifar da mafi girman inganci na haske (ƙarin haske a kowace watt).

- Haɗin kai:Ƙara amfani da kunshin guntu da yawa (RGB, launuka biyu, launuka uku) har ma da LEDs tare da masu sarrafawa (ICs) don aikace-aikacen haske mai hankali.

- Ƙarfi:Ingantattun kayan kunshin da ƙira don mafi kyawun juriya ga danshi, zagayowar zafi, da damuwa na injiniya, yana faɗaɗa zuwa mafi yawan muhalli.

Yayin da LEDs masu rami suka kasance mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace da yawa, na'urorin LED na Surface-mount device (SMD) sun mamaye sabbin ƙira saboda dacewarsu don haɗawar zaɓi da wuri ta atomatik, ƙaramin ƙafar ƙafa, da ƙananan bayyanar.