Takardar Bayanin LED Mai Launuka Biyu T-1 3/4 - Girman 5.0mm Dia. - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.0-2.6V - Ƙarfi 75-120mW - Ja/Kore - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun wani ɓangaren LED mai launuka biyu, wanda aka saka ta cikin maɓalli, wanda aka ɗora a cikin daidaitaccen marufin T-1 3/4 (5mm) mai yaduwa. Na'urar ta haɗa guntayen semiconductor guda biyu daban-daban a cikin marufi ɗaya: ɗayan yana fitar da haske a cikin bakan ja ta amfani da fasahar AllnGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), ɗayan kuma yana fitar da haske a cikin bakan kore ta amfani da fasahar GaP (Gallium Phosphide). Wannan ƙirar tana ba da damar samar da launuka biyu daga ɓangare ɗaya, wanda ke da amfani don nuna matsayi, sigina masu yanayi biyu, da sauƙaƙan nunin launuka da yawa. Ruwan tabarau mai farin yaduwa yana ba da faɗin kusurwar kallo da tausasasshiyar fitar da haske mai daidaitacce. An ƙera samfurin don aikace-aikacen nuna alama na gabaɗaya a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, sarrafa masana'antu, da kayan aikin ma'auni.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Tushen Launi Biyu:Haɗa guntayen ja da kore a cikin marufi ɗaya yana adana sararin allon kuma yana sauƙaƙa haɗawa idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LED guda biyu daban.
• Daidaitaccen Fitarwa:Ana zaɓar guntayen kuma a daidaita su don samar da halayen fitar haske iri ɗaya, wanda ke tabbatar da daidaiton bayyanar a aikace.
• Amincin Tsarin Ƙarfe Mai Ƙarfi:LEDs suna ba da dogon rayuwar aiki, yawanci sama da sa'o'i 50,000, saboda rashin filaments ko sassa masu motsi.
• Ƙarancin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki:Yana aiki a daidaitattun ƙananan igiyoyin ruwa (misali, 20mA), wanda ke sa ya zama mai inganci a cikin makamashi kuma ya dace da na'urorin da ke amfani da baturi.
• Yin Biyayya ga Muhalli:An ƙera samfurin don zama maras gubar (Pb-Free) kuma ya bi ka'idar RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hadari).

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Cikakkun Ƙimar Ƙima

Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba kuma ya kamata a guje su don ingantaccen aiki.

• Rushewar Ƙarfi (P_d):75 mW don guntun Ja, 120 mW don guntun Kore. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da guntun LED zai iya watsawa a matsayin zafi a yanayin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C. Wuce wannan zai iya haifar da yawan zafi da haɓakar lalacewa.
• Ci gaba da Gaba Gaba (I_F):30 mA don duka launuka biyu. Wannan shine matsakaicin igiyar ruwa ta DC da za a iya amfani da ita akai-akai.
• Kololuwar Gaba Gaba:90 mA don duka launuka biyu, ana iya yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗimbin walƙiya masu ƙarfi.
• Ma'auni na Ragewa:0.4 mA/°C don duka launuka biyu. Don yanayin yanayi sama da 50°C, dole ne a rage matsakaicin igiyar ruwa mai ci gaba da aka yarda da ita ta hanyar wannan ma'auni don hana yawan zafi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya sama da wannan zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ma'ajiyawa:-55°C zuwa +100°C. Ana iya adana na'urar kuma a yi aiki da ita a cikin wannan cikakken kewayon.
• Zazzabi na Solder na Jagora:260°C na tsawon dakika 5, an auna shi 2.0mm daga jikin LED. Wannan yana ayyana taga tsari don solder na hannu ko na igiyar ruwa.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan su ne madaidaicin sigogi na aiki da aka auna a T_A=25°C da I_F=20mA, wanda ke wakiltar yanayin aiki na al'ada.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v):Ma'auni mai mahimmanci na haske da ake gani.
  • Ja (AllnGaP):Na al'ada 180 mcd, daga mafi ƙarancin 110 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 310 mcd.
  • Kore (GaP):Na al'ada 50 mcd, daga mafi ƙarancin 30 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 85 mcd.
  • Garantin ya haɗa da jurewar ±15% akan waɗannan ƙimar.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Kimanin digiri 30 don duka launuka biyu. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar sa akan axis. Ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa ya haifar da wannan siffa mai faɗin kallo.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki.
  • Ja:Na al'ada 2.4V (kewayon 2.0V - 2.4V).
  • Kore:Na al'ada 2.6V (kewayon 2.1V - 2.6V).
  • Bambanci a cikin V_Fya samo asali ne saboda bambancin ƙarfin bandgap na kayan AllnGaP da GaP.
• Tsawon Zango:
  • Kololuwar Tsawon Zango na Fitowa (λ_p):Tsawon zango wanda fitowar bakan ta fi ƙarfi. Ja: ~650 nm. Kore: ~565 nm.
  • Mafi Rinjaye Tsawon Zango (λ_d):Tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launi. Ja: 634-644 nm. Kore: 563-580 nm.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Faɗin band na hasken da aka fitar. Ja: ~20 nm. Kore: ~30 nm. Ƙunƙuntaccen rabin faɗi yana nuna launi mafi tsafta a cikin bakan.
• Gaba Gaba na Baya (I_R):< 100 μA a V_R=5V. Wannan shine ƙaramin igiyar ruwa mai ɓarna lokacin da LED ke da karkatar da baya.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (C):An auna shi a sifili bias. Ja: ~80 pF. Kore: ~35 pF. Wannan sigogi na iya dacewa a aikace-aikacen sauyawa mai girma.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin tsarin ƙirƙirar semiconductor, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan ɓangaren yana amfani da lambar kwandon harafi biyu (X-X) wanda ke wakiltar kwandon ƙarfin haske don guntun Ja da guntun Kore, bi da bi.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

Kwandon Guntun Ja (AllnGaP):

F: 110 - 140 mcd

G: 140 - 180 mcd

H: 180 - 240 mcd

J: 240 - 310 mcd

Kwandon Guntun Kore (GaP):

A: 30 - 38 mcd

B: 38 - 50 mcd

C: 50 - 65 mcd

D: 65 - 85 mcd

Misali:Lambar kwandon "H-B" tana nuna guntun Ja daga kwandon H (180-240 mcd) wanda aka haɗa da guntun Kore daga kwandon B (38-50 mcd). Masu ƙira za su iya ƙayyade kwandon don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin raka'a da yawa a cikin taro. Jurewar ±15% ya shafi kowane iyakar kwandon.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman jadawali a cikin takardar bayanai (Hoto na 1, Hoto na 6), ana bincika tasirinsu na gabaɗaya a nan bisa ga ka'idodin LED na yau da kullun.

4.1 Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Gaba Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Fitar haske (I_v) yana daidai da kusan madaidaicin igiyar ruwa ta gaba (I_F) a cikin babban kewayon. Yin aiki sama da shawarar 20mA zai ƙara haske amma kuma zai haifar da ƙarin zafi, wanda zai iya rage tsawon rayuwa da canza launi. Yin aiki ƙasa da 20mA zai dushe fitarwa. Dangantakar tana da layi ne kawai a cikin wasu iyakoki; a cikin igiyoyin ruwa masu yawa sosai, inganci yana raguwa (rage tasiri).

4.2 Dogaro da Zazzabi

Aikin LED yana da hankali ga zazzabi.

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Yana raguwa yayin da zazzabin haɗin gwiwa ya ƙaru. Wannan yana da ƙaramin ƙaramin ma'auni na zazzabi mara kyau.
• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v):Yana raguwa yayin da zazzabin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko yawan tuƙi wanda ke haifar da dumama kai zai rage fitar haske. Ana amfani da ma'auni na ragewa (0.4 mA/°C sama da 50°C) don sarrafa wannan tasirin thermal.
• Tsawon Zango:Kololuwar tsawon zango da mafi rinjaye yawanci suna ɗan motsi (yawanci zuwa tsayin zango) tare da ƙaruwar zazzabi.

4.3 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawalin rarraba bakan da aka ambata (Hoto na 1) zai nuna ƙarfin haske mai alaƙa da tsawon zango don kowane guntun. Guntun AllnGaP na Ja yawanci yana nuna ƙunƙuntaccen kololuwa mai daidaito a kusa da 650 nm. Guntun GaP na Kore yana da faɗin kololuwa a kusa da 565 nm. Ana ƙididdige tsayin zango mafi rinjaye daga wannan bakan ta amfani da ƙa'idodin launi na CIE don ayyana launin da ake gani.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen marufin T-1 3/4 mai jagora mai radial tare da ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai farin yaduwa. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin millimeters (an ba da inci a cikin baka).
• Ana amfani da daidaitaccen jurewar ±0.25mm (±0.010") sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba.
• Resin a ƙarƙashin flange na iya fitowa har zuwa 1.0mm matsakaici.
• Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin marufi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB.

5.2 Gano Polarity & Ƙirar Jagora

Yawanci, dogon jagora yana nuna anode (gefe mai kyau). Don LED mai launuka biyu tare da anodes guda biyu da cathode gama gari (ko akasin haka, dangane da da'irar ciki), zanen ciki na takardar bayanai zai ayyana pinout. Yayin ƙirar jagora, dole ne a yi lanƙwasa aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau don guje wa damuwa akan hatimi. Dole ne a yi ƙirar a yanayin zafi na ɗaki kuma kafin tsarin solder.

5.3 Yankin Tsaka-tsaki & Kayan

An gina ɓangaren daga:

1. Firam ɗin Jagora:Gawa gawa tare da lulluɓe da jan ƙarfe da azurfa, an gama shi da tsoma solder don inganta solderability.
2. Haɗin Die:Man ɗanɗano mai cike da azurfa yana haɗa guntayen semiconductor zuwa firam ɗin jagora.
3. Guntayen LED:Rarraba AllnGaP (Ja) da GaP (Kore) dice.
4. Wayar Haɗin Kai:Zinariya waya yana haɗa saman guntayen zuwa madaidaicin ginshiƙan firam ɗin jagora.
5. Ƙunshi:Epoxy resin tare da mai taurare yana samar da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa kuma yana ba da kariya ga muhalli.
6. Nauyin Samfur:Kimanin gram 0.36.

6. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

6.1 Sigogi na Tsarin Solder

Solder na Hannu (Ƙarfe):

• Zazzabi: 350°C - 400°C matsakaici.
• Lokaci: 3.0 seconds matsakaici kowace jagora.
• Nisa: Kiyaye aƙalla 2.0mm sharewa daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin solder.

Solder na Igwa:

• Zazzabin Kafin Zafi: < 100°C matsakaici.
• Lokacin Kafin Zafi: < 60 seconds matsakaici.
• Zazzabin Igwar Solder: < 260°C matsakaici.
• Lokacin Tuntuɓar: < 5 seconds matsakaici.

Gargadi Mai Muhimmanci:Yawan zazzabi ko lokaci na iya narkar da ruwan tabarau na epoxy, haifar da ɓarkewar ciki, ko lalata haɗin gwiwar semiconductor. Kada a taɓa nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin solder.

6.2 Ma'ajiyawa & Gudanarwa

• Yanayin Ma'ajiyawa:Bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba.
• Rayuwar Shel:Da zarar an cire su daga ainihin jakar shinge na danshi, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin watanni uku.
• Ma'ajiyawa na Dogon Lokaci:Don tsawon lokaci daga ainihin marufi, adana a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kawai masu kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Guje wa tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi ko na ultrasonic wanda zai iya damun marufi.

7. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

An tattara abubuwan a cikin jakuna masu hana tashin hankali don hana lalacewar fitar da tashin hankali.

• Naúrar Asali:Guda 500 ko guda 250 kowace jakar tattarawa.
• Kwandon Ciki:Ya ƙunshi jakunan tattarawa 16, jimlar guda 8,000.
• Kwandon Waje (Akwatin Jigilar Kaya):Ya ƙunshi kwandon ciki 8, jimlar guda 64,000.
• A kowane yanki na jigilar kaya, ƙarshen fakitin kawai zai iya ƙunsar adadin da bai cika ba.

7.2 Fassarar Lambar Bangare

Lambar bangare LTL30EKDFGJ tana bin tsarin lambobi na ciki. Duk da cewa ba a bayyana cikakkiyar dabara a nan ba, yawanci tana ɓoye halaye kamar nau'in marufi (T-1 3/4), launi (Launuka Biyu), salon ruwan tabarau (Yaduwa), da takamaiman lambobin kwandon ƙarfi (misali, "J" don Ja, wanda mahallin ya nuna). Ƙarshen "FGJ" mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da rarrabawar aiki.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada

Wannan LED mai launuka biyu ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuna yanayi biyu daga wuri ɗaya:

• Masu Nuna Matsayi:Wutar Lantarki Kunna (Kore) / Jiran Aiki (Ja) ko Na al'ada (Kore) / Kuskure (Ja).
• Karatun Yanayi Biyu:Gargadi (Walƙiya Ja) / Share (Kore).
• Nunin Sauƙi:Fitilun panel na asali, hasken baya don maɓalli ko almara inda ake buƙatar launuka biyu.
• Na'urorin Lantarki na Mabukaci:Matsayin caji, masu nuna haɗin kai akan na'urori masu zagayawa, modem, ko kayan aikin sauti.
• Sarrafa Masana'antu:Masu nuna yanayin inji, sigina masu tafiya/ba su tafi ba.

8.2 Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Ƙirar Da'ira

Tuƙi na Yanzu Yana da Muhimmanci:LEDs na'urori ne masu tuƙi na yanzu. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yana da jurewa kuma yana bambanta da zazzabi. Haɗa LEDs kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki ko a layi daya ba tare da iyakance yanzu na kowane ba ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin V_Fzai haifar da rashin daidaito mai mahimmanci a cikin raba yanzu da haske.

Da'irar da aka Ba da Shawara (Samfurin A):Yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu na jeri don kowane guntun LED (ko kowane tashar launi na LED mai launuka biyu). Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadata 5V, LED Kore (V_F~2.6V) a 20mA: R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.02 = 120 Ω. Wannan yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da daidaiton haske.

Gudanar da Zafi:Yayin da rushewar wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa, tabbatar da isasshen iska idan an yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi ko wuraren da aka rufe. Ku bi jagororin rage yanzu sama da 50°C.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da LEDs guda biyu masu launi ɗaya, wannan mafita mai haɗa launuka biyu tana ba da fa'idodi bayyananne:

• Ingancin Sarari:Sawun ɓangare ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da biyu.
• Sauƙin Haɗawa:Aikin sanyawa da solder ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da biyu, yana rage farashi da yuwuwar lahani.
• Daidaitawar Gani:Yana ba da garantin cewa tushen ja da kore suna tare, suna ba da madaidaicin batu na gani.

Idan aka kwatanta da LED mai launuka uku (RGB), wannan na'urar ta fi sauƙi, sau da yawa tana da fitar haske mafi girma kowace launi saboda keɓaɓɓun guntayen, kuma tana buƙatar ƙananan layukan sarrafawa (anodes 2 idan aka kwatanta da 3 don RGB na cathode gama gari), yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar yanayi biyu daban-daban ba tare da rikitarwar haɗa launuka ba.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q1: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller?

A: Ya dogara da ikon samar da igiyar ruwa/ nutsewa na fil. Yawancin filayen MCU suna iya samar da/nutsar har zuwa 20-25mA, wanda ya dace da yanzu na LED. Duk da haka, Dole ne ku haɗa da resistor na jeri don iyakance yanzu. Kada ku taɓa haɗa LED kai tsaye tsakanin fil ɗin MCU da wutar lantarki ko ƙasa.

Q2: Me ya sa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na al'ada ya bambanta don Ja da Kore?

A: Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Gallium Phosphide (GaP, Kore) yana da babban bandgap fiye da Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AllnGaP, Ja), yana buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki don "kunna" da gudanar da yanzu.

Q3: Me lambar kwandon ke nufi, kuma ina buƙatar ƙayyade shi?

A: Lambar kwandon (misali, H-B) tana nuna kewayon da aka ba da garantin ƙarfin haske don guntayen Ja da Kore. Don aikace-aikacen da daidaiton haske a cikin raka'a da yawa ke da mahimmanci (misali, panel na masu nuna alama iri ɗaya), ƙayyadaddun kwandon mai ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci. Don masu nuna alama guda ɗaya marasa mahimmanci, faɗin kewayon kwandon yana yarda.

Q4: Ta yaya zan gano anode da cathode don kowane launi?

A: Takamaiman pinout (anode gama gari ko cathode gama gari) an ayyana shi ta zanen da'irar ciki, wanda ya kamata a bincika daga cikakkiyar takardar bayanai. Yawanci, don LED mai launuka biyu mai fil 3, fil na tsakiya shine tashar gama gari, kuma filayen waje biyu suna don launuka daban-daban.

11. Misalan Ƙira & Amfani na Aiki

11.1 Mai Nuna Ƙarfin Lantarki Mai Matsayi Biyu

Yanayi:Na'urar tana buƙatar mai nuna alama ɗaya don nuna "Wutar Lantarki na Mains Present" (Kore) da "Cajin Baturi" (Ja).

Ai watar:Yi amfani da LED mai launuka biyu. Haɗa anode Kore ta hanyar resistor zuwa layin 5V mai ƙa'ida wanda ke aiki lokacin da wutar lantarki ta kunna. Haɗa anode Ja ta hanyar resistor zuwa sigina na sarrafawa daga da'irar caji wanda ke tashi yayin caji. Yi amfani da cathode gama gari da aka haɗa zuwa ƙasa. Transistor mai sauƙi ko ƙofar dabaru na iya tuƙa anodes idan sigina masu rauni ne.

11.2 Tsarin Faɗakarwa Mai Sauƙi na Yanayi Biyu

Yanayi:Module na firikwensin yana buƙatar faɗakarwa na gani: kore mai ƙarfi don "Na al'ada"