Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikace
- 2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Iyaka
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
- 3. Ƙayyadaddun Teburin Rarrabuwa
- 3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila
- 3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Zangon Hasken Da Ya Fi Yawa
- 4. Bincike na Lakatun Aiki
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
- 5.1 Girman Bayyananne
- 5.2 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Siffantar Ƙarfe
- 6.2 Yanayin Solder
- 6.3 Tsaftacewa
- 6.4 Ajiya
- 7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
- 7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 8.1 Hanyar Turawa
- 8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)
- 8.3 Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Zafi
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Zane
- 10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 10.1 Shin Zan iya turawa wannan LED da wutar lantarki 5V?
- 10.2 Me yasa ake buƙatar resistor a jere ga kowane LED a layi daya?
- 10.3 Mene ne ma'anar lambar rarrabuwa?
- 11. Zane na Aiki da Misalin Amfani
- 12. Gabatarwa akan Ka'ida
- 13. Yanayin Ci Gaba
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED blue mai ratsa allon. An ƙera LED masu ratsa allon don nuna matsayi da haskakawa a cikin aikace-aikacen lantarki masu yawa. Suna samuwa a cikin kunshuna na yau da kullun waɗanda suka dace da shigar da su ta atomatik ko da hannu cikin allon da'ira (PCB).
1.1 Siffofi
- Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantaccen haske.
- Sun bi umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hadari) kuma ba su da gubar.
- Shahararren kunshin diamita T-1 (3mm) don dacewa mai yawa.
- Yana fitar da hasken blue a tsayin zango mafi girma na 470 nm tare da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa don kallon mafi faɗi.
1.2 Aikace-aikace
Wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikace daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen nuna matsayi, ciki har da:
- Kayan aikin sadarwa
- Na'urorin kwamfuta da allunan uwa
- Kayan lantarki na masu amfani
- Kayan aikin gida
- Allunan sarrafa masana'antu da injina
2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Bayani na Haƙiƙa
2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Iyaka
Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi ba.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):Matsakaicin 66 mW. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki da kunshin LED zai iya fitarwa azaman zafi.
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):Matsakaicin 60 mA. Wannan yana halatta ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun ≤ 10 µs).
- Halitta na Yanzu na DC Gaba (IF):Matsakaicin 20 mA. Wannan shine shawarar ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba don aiki na yau da kullun.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):Matsakaicin 5 V. Wucewa wannan zai iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa nan take.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Kewayon yanayin zafi don aiki mai dogaro.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
- Zafin Solder na Ƙarfe:260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, ana auna shi 2.0mm daga jikin LED.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a yanayin zafi (TA) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin yau da kullun.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila (IV):1000 zuwa 2200 mcd (millicandela) a IF= 20mA. Wannan shine hasken da ake gani a cikin babban alkiblar kallo. Ana amfani da juzu'in gwaji na ±15%.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 50 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial (a tsakiya). Ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa yana ba da tsarin haske mai faɗi, mai laushi.
- Tsayin Zangon Hasken Mafi Girma (λp):468 nm (na yau da kullun). Tsawon zango wanda fitar da ƙarfin haske ya fi girma.
- Tsawon Zangon Hasken Da Ya Fi Yawa (λd):460 zuwa 475 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda ya fi wakiltar launin da ake gani na LED, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Hasken (Δλ):22 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar hasken; ƙaramin ƙima yana nufin haske mafi monochromatic.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.4V zuwa 3.3V a IF= 20mA, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 3.2V. Wannan shine faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki.
- Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 100 µA a VR= 5V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin bias na baya ba; wannan gwajin don siffanta kawai ne.
3. Ƙayyadaddun Teburin Rarrabuwa
Ana rarraba samfurin zuwa kwandon aiki bisa mahimman ma'auni na gani don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Ana yiwa alamar lambar rarrabuwa akan kunshi.
3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila
An rarraba a IF= 20mA. Juzu'i ga kowane iyakar kwandon shine ±15%.
- Lambar Kwandon P:1000 - 1200 mcd
- Lambar Kwandon Q:1200 - 1500 mcd
- Lambar Kwandon R:1500 - 1800 mcd
- Lambar Kwandon S:1800 - 2200 mcd
3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Zangon Hasken Da Ya Fi Yawa
An rarraba a IF= 20mA. Juzu'i ga kowane iyakar kwandon shine ±1 nm.
- Lambar Kwandon B07:460.0 - 465.0 nm
- Lambar Kwandon B08:465.0 - 470.0 nm
- Lambar Kwandon B09:470.0 - 475.0 nm
4. Bincike na Lakatun Aiki
Lakatun aiki na yau da kullun (ba a sake yin su a cikin rubutu amma an bayyana su) suna kwatanta alaƙa tsakanin mahimman ma'auni. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don binciken zane.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila da Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin alaƙar kusa da layi a cikin kewayon aiki. Yana nuna mahimmancin sarrafa halin yanzu don daidaitaccen haske.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila da Yanayin Zafi:Yana nuna tasirin kashe zafi, inda fitar da haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga zane-zane masu aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Lakatun halayen I-V, yana nuna alaƙar ƙima. V na yau da kullunFa 20mA shine mahimmin batu na zane don ƙididdige resistors a jere.
- Rarraba Hasken:Zanen dangantakar ƙarfi da tsawon zango, yana nuna kololuwa a ~468 nm da rabin faɗin hasken na ~22 nm, yana ayyana halayen launin blue.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
5.1 Girman Bayyananne
Na'urar tana amfani da kunshin zagaye na T-1 (3mm) na yau da kullun. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da:
- Diamita na ruwan tabarau: Kusan 3mm.
- Tazarar ƙarfe: Ana auna inda ƙarfe ke fitowa daga kunshin.
- Resin da ya fito a ƙarƙashin flange: Matsakaicin 1.0mm.
- Juzu'i na gaba ɗaya: ±0.25mm sai dai idan an faɗi.
5.2 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki
Ƙarfin da ya fi tsayi shine anode (tabbatacce). Jikin LED na iya samun gefe mai lebur kusa da ƙarfen cathode (maras kyau).
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
6.1 Siffantar Ƙarfe
- Lankwasa ƙarfe a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED.
- Kada ka yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin ƙarfe azaman fulcrum.
- Yi siffanta kafin solder a yanayin zaki.
- Yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi na klinch yayin haɗin PCB don guje wa damuwa na injiniya.
6.2 Yanayin Solder
Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin solder. Kada ka nutsar da ruwan tabarau cikin solder.
- Ƙarfe na Solder:Zafi 350°C matsakaici. Lokaci dakika 3 matsakaici (sau ɗaya kawai).
- Solder Wave:Pre-heat 100°C matsakaici na dakika 60 matsakaici. Solder wave 260°C matsakaici na dakika 5 matsakaici.
- Mahimmanci:IR reflow BAI dace da wannan samfurin LED mai ratsa allon ba. Yawan zafi ko lokaci zai iya nakasa ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawar bala'i.
6.3 Tsaftacewa
Yi amfani da kaushi masu barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole.
6.4 Ajiya
Don mafi kyawun rayuwar shiryayye, ajiye a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. LED da aka cire daga ainihin kunshi yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don tsawaita ajiya, yi amfani da akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko yanayin nitrogen.
7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshi
- Adadin kowane jakar: 1000, 500, 200, ko 100 guda.
- Jakuna 10 a kowane akwatin ciki (misali, 10,000 guda don jakuna 1000).
- Akwatin ciki 8 a kowane akwatin waje (misali, jimillar 80,000 guda).
- Kunshi na ƙarshe a cikin kayan jigilar kaya na iya zama ba cikakke ba.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
8.1 Hanyar Turawa
LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya, yana dashawara mai ƙarfidon amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED (Da'ira A). Haɗa LED kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Da'ira B) ba a ba da shawarar saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF), wanda zai iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halin yanzu don haka haske tsakanin na'urori.
8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)
Wannan LED yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki. Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da:
- Yi amfani da igiyoyin wuyan da aka kafa ko safofin hannu masu hana lantarki lokacin sarrafawa.
- Tabbatar cewa duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rack ɗin ajiya suna da tushe daidai.
- Yi amfani da ionizers don kawar da cajin lantarki wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.
- Aiwatar da horo da shaidar ESD ga ma'aikata.
8.3 Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Zafi
Duk da cewa rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma (zuwa matsakaicin 85°C) zai rage fitar da haske kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lakatun halayen zafi. Tabbatar da isasshen iska a cikin wuraren da aka rufe.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Zane
Idan aka kwatanta da LED marasa yaduwa, wannan na'urar tana ba da kusurwar kallo mafi faɗi (50°), yana sa ta dace da aikace-aikace inda mai nuna alama yana buƙatar ganuwa daga wurare masu yawa. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun na 3.2V shine ma'auni don LED na blue na tushen InGaN. Masu zane dole ne su yi la'akari da kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (2.4V-3.3V) lokacin ƙididdige ƙimar resistor a jere don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu ya kasance cikin iyakar 20mA a duk raka'o'i. Babban ƙarfin hasken fitila (har zuwa 2200 mcd) yana ba shi damar amfani da shi a cikin yanayin haske na yanayi mai matsakaicin haske.
10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)
10.1 Shin Zan iya turawa wannan LED da wutar lantarki 5V?
Ee, amma DOLE ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere. Don wadatar 5V da manufar halin yanzu na 20mA, ana ɗauka V na yau da kullunFna 3.2V, ƙimar resistor zata zama R = (5V - 3.2V) / 0.02A = 90 Ohms. Yi amfani da matsakaicin VF(3.3V) don ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin ƙimar resistor mai aminci: R_min = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.02A = 85 Ohms. Matsakaicin resistor na 91 ko 100 Ohm zai dace, kuma yana shafar ainihin halin yanzu kaɗan.
10.2 Me yasa ake buƙatar resistor a jere ga kowane LED a layi daya?
Saboda bambance-bambancen samarwa na halitta, babu LED guda biyu da ke da daidai ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF). Idan an haɗa su a layi daya kai tsaye zuwa tushen wutar lantarki, LED tare da V kaɗanFzai ja mafi yawan halin yanzu, mai yuwuwar wuce ƙimar sa kuma ya gaza, yayin da sauran suka kasance duhu. Resistor a jere ga kowane LED yana taimakawa daidaita halin yanzu ta hanyar ba da ra'ayi mara kyau, yana tabbatar da mafi daidaitaccen haske da kare na'urori.
10.3 Mene ne ma'anar lambar rarrabuwa?
Lambar kwandon (misali, S-B08) tana nuna rarrabuwar aiki. Harafin farko (P, Q, R, S) yana ƙayyadadden kewayon ƙarfin hasken fitila. Lambar alfanumerik (B07, B08, B09) tana ƙayyadadden tsayin zangon hasken da ya fi yawa (kewayon launi). Yin oda takamaiman kwandon yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin haske da launi don aikace-aikacenku.
11. Zane na Aiki da Misalin Amfani
Yanayi:Zanen allon gaba don mai sarrafa masana'antu tare da fitilun nuna matsayi guda huɗu (Wutar Lantarki, Gudu, Kuskure, Jiran Aiki).
- Zaɓin Kayan Aiki:An zaɓi wannan LED blue saboda babban haskensa da faɗin kusurwar kallonsa, yana tabbatar da ganuwa a filin masana'antu.
- Zanen Da'ira:Kowane LED an haɗa shi tsakanin fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller (sinking current) da layin dogo na +5V ta hanyar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu daban. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor bisa ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na GPIO da V na LEDFdon cimma ~15-18mA, daidaita haske da kayan aikin microcontroller.
- Shimfidar PCB:An sanya ramuka bisa ga tazarar ƙarfe na LED. An mutunta yankin da aka keɓe a kusa da LED (2mm daga jiki don solder) a cikin shimfidar.
- Haɗawa:Ana shigar da LED bayan an kammala duk solder reflow na abubuwan SMD. Ana solder su da wave bin ƙayyadaddun lokaci / yanayin zafi.
- Sakamako:Ingantaccen, daidaitaccen haske na saitin alamomin matsayi tare da daidaitaccen launi da ƙarfi.
12. Gabatarwa akan Ka'ida
Diode mai Fitowa da Hasken Fitila (LED) na'urar haɗin gwiwar semiconductor p-n ce. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka daga yankin p a cikin yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango (launi) na haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da tsarin tushen Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) don samar da hasken blue. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai yaduwa yana rufe guntun semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, da kuma siffantar fitar da hasken haske.
13. Yanayin Ci Gaba
Yayin da LED masu ratsa allon suka kasance masu mahimmanci don ƙirar ƙira, gyara, da wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu, babban yanayin masana'antu shine zuwa ga na'urorin LED na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) don haɗawa mai yawa ta atomatik. Kunshunan SMD suna ba da ƙananan ƙafafu, sarrafa zafi mafi kyau, da mafi girman yawan wuri. Koyaya, abubuwan da ke ratsa allon kamar wannan suna ci gaba da kasancewa masu daraja saboda ƙarfin injiniya, sauƙin sarrafa hannu, da dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban dogaro a cikin mawuyacin yanayi inda ingancin haɗin gwiwar solder ya fi mahimmanci. Ci gaba a cikin kayan yana ci gaba da inganta inganci da rayuwar kowane nau'in LED.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |