Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED Kore T1-3/4 - Diamita 5mm - Ƙarfin Gaba 4.0V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 123mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da ingantacciyar fitilar LED kore mai rage amfani da wutar lantarki, wacce aka ƙera don saka ta cikin ramuka. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don samar da haske kore mai tsabta. Babban fa'idodinta sun haɗa da dacewa da da'irori saboda ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki da kuma zaɓuɓɓukan saka a kan allunan da'ira ko na'urori. Sanannen diamitan kunsa T-1 3/4 (kusan 5mm) ya sa ta zama kayan aiki na yau da kullun wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen nuni da haskakawa a cikin na'urorin lantarki na gida, kayan aiki, da sauran aikace-aikace na gaba ɗaya.

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga

Ana aiki da na'urar a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakokin muhalli da na lantarki don tabbatar da amincinta da hana lalacewa. Matsakaicin ragewar wutar lantarki shine 123 mW a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (DC) bai kamata ya wuce 30 mA ba. Don aiki mai bugun jini, ana iya amfani da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na 100 mA a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa: cikakken lokaci 1/10 da faɗin bugun 0.1 ms. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -25°C zuwa +80°C ne, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya faɗa daga -30°C zuwa +100°C. Yayin gishiri, za a iya jure wa igiyoyin LED zafin 260°C na tsawon dakika 5 kawai, muddin wurin gishiri ya kasance aƙalla 1.6mm (0.063 inci) daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna mahimman sigogi a T_A=25°C. Ƙarfin haske (I_V) yana da ƙimar yau da kullun na milicandelas 8000 (mcd) a ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, tare da mafi ƙanƙanta na 2500 mcd da matsakaicin 18800 mcd. Ana amfani da ƙimar kuskure na ±15% ga ƙimar ƙarfin haske da aka tabbatar. Kusurwar kallo (2θ_1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimarsa na axial, shine digiri 20. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λ_d) shine 525 nm, yana sanya shi a cikin bakan haske na kore, tare da rabin faɗin layin bakan (Δλ) na 35 nm. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) yawanci 4.0V ne tare da matsakaicin 4.0V a I_F=20mA. Ƙarfin lantarki na baya (I_R) shine matsakaicin 100 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki na baya ba; wannan gwajin yana don bayyana halayenta kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Ana rarraba fitar da hasken LED zuwa rukunoni don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace. Lambar rukunin, wacce aka yiwa alama a kowace jakar tattarawa, tana rarraba mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a 20mA. Rukunoni suna kama daga T2 (2500-3390 mcd) zuwa W2 (14110-18800 mcd). Kowace iyakar rukunin tana da ƙimar kuskure na ±15%. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED masu ƙarfin haske da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensu na musamman, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani lokacin da aka yi amfani da LED da yawa tare.

4. Binciken Lankwasa Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takarda (Lankwasan Halaye na Lantarki/Gani na Yau da Kullun akan shafi na 4), daidaitaccen bincike don irin waɗannan sassa zai haɗa da Lankwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I-V), wanda ke nuna alaƙar ma'auni kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar da'irori masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Hasken da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba yawanci yana nuna alaƙa kusa da layi a cikin kewayon aiki. Lankwasa Ƙarfin Hasken da Zafin Muhalli yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar raguwar fitarwa a yanayin zafi mafi girma. Lankwasa rarraba bakan zai kasance a tsakiyar matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 525 nm tare da ƙayyadadden rabin faɗi na 35 nm.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Tattarawa

LED yana da daidaitaccen kunsa mai siffar zagaye T-1 3/4 tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. Muhimman bayanai game da girma sun haɗa da: duk girma yana cikin milimita (inci), tare da ƙimar kuskure na gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm (.010") sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka. Matsakaicin fitowar guduro a ƙarƙashin ƙugiya shine 1.0mm (.04"). Ana auna tazarar igiya a wurin da igiyoyin suka fito daga jikin kunsa. Daidaitaccen sarrafa injiniya yana da mahimmanci; dole ne a ƙirƙiri igiyoyi a wurin da ya kalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED kafin gishiri kuma a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun don guje wa damuwa na ciki.

6. Jagororin Gishiri da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED. Yayin gishiri, dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau da wurin gishiri. Dole ne a guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin gishiri. Kada a sake sanya LED bayan gishiri. Guji sanya damuwa ga firam ɗin igiya, musamman lokacin zafi. Don gishiri da hannu, yi amfani da ƙarfe mai matsakaicin zafin 300°C na ƙasa da dakika 3 kawai (sau ɗaya kawai). Don gishiri mai igiyar ruwa, yi zafi da farko zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60, tare da igiyar gishiri a matsakaicin 260°C har zuwa dakika 5. Komawar Infrared (IR) bai dace da wannan samfurin LED mai ramuka ba. Yawan zafi ko lokaci na iya canza siffar ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawar gaba ɗaya.

7. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

Daidaitaccen tsarin tattarawa shine kamar haka: 500 ko 250 guda a kowace jakar tattarawa mai hana tashin wutar lantarki. Ana sanya jakunkuna tattarawa goma a cikin akwati na ciki, jimlar guda 5000. Ana tattara akwatunan ciki takwas a cikin akwatin jigilar kayayyaki na waje, wanda ya haifar da guda 40,000 a kowace akwatin waje. An lura cewa a kowane kayan jigila, akwatin ƙarshe kawai ne ba zai iya zama cikakken akwati ba.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

An ƙera wannan LED don na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun waɗanda suka haɗa da na'urori na sarrafa ofis, kayan aikin sadarwa, da kayan amfanin gida. Ingantacciyar aikin sa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki sun sa ya zama mai kyau don alamun yanayi, hasken baya, da haskakawa na panel inda ake buƙatar sigina kore mai tsabta.

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

LED na'urori ne masu aiki da ƙarfin lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na kowane LED a jere (Tsarin Da'ira A). Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor guda ɗaya don LED da yawa a layi daya (Tsarin Da'ira B) ba, saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) tsakanin kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon ƙarfin lantarki, saboda haka, hasken da ake gani.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar fasaha kamar GaP (Gallium Phosphide) LED kore, wannan na'urar tushen InGaN tana ba da ƙarfin haske mafi girma (dubunnan mcd da mcd ɗari) da launin kore mai cikar gaske (matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 525 nm). Kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 tana ba da haske mai mai da hankali fiye da LED masu faɗin kusurwa, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai jagora. Ƙarancin buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki (20mA don aiki na yau da kullun) yana kiyaye dacewa da fitarwar ma'auni na gama gari daga microcontrollers da ICs masu tuƙi.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V?

A: A'a. Tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na 4.0V, haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 5V zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, wanda zai iya lalata LED. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki a jere. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_wadatar- V_F) / I_F. Don wadataccen wutar lantarki na 5V da ƙarfin lantarki na 20mA: R = (5V - 4.0V) / 0.020A = 50 Ohms. Dangantaccen resistor na 51 Ohm zai dace.

Q: Me ya sa ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki na baya yake da mahimmanci idan LED ba don aiki na baya ba?

A: I_Rspec yana nuna ingancin haɗin semiconductor. Babban ƙarfin lantarki na baya na iya zama alamar lalacewa ko lahani na ƙira. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ƙirar da'ira inda za a iya faruwar canje-canjen ƙarfin lantarki na baya (misali, daga kayan aiki masu jan hankali), fahimtar wannan sigogi yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar da'irar kariya kamar diodes a layi daya don danna ƙarfin lantarki na baya.

Q: Me ma'anar bayanin ruwan tabarau "Ruwa Bayyananne"?

A: "Ruwa Bayyananne" yana nufin ruwan tabarau mara watsewa, mai bayyanawa. Ba ya ƙunshe da barbashi masu watsewa. Wannan yana haifar da mafi girman yuwuwar fitar da haske daga kunsa amma yana samar da tsarin haske mai mai da hankali (kamar yadda aka gani a kusurwar kallo na digiri 20) idan aka kwatanta da ruwan tabarau mai watsewa ko madara wanda ke yada haske daidai a kan kusurwa mai faɗi.

11. Lamuran Amfani na Aiki

Hali 1: Panel na Matsayi na LED da yawa:Panel iko yana buƙatar alamun yanayi kore goma. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, kowane LED ana tuƙa shi ta wani fil ɗin fitarwa na microcontroller ta hanyar resistor na jere na 51-ohm (don wadataccen wutar lantarki na MCU na 5V). Ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar kallo na digiri 20 tana tabbatar da cewa hasken yana bayyana a fili daga gaban panel ba tare da haske mai yawa na gefe ba.

Hali 2: Alamar Baturi Ƙasa:A cikin na'urar ɗaukar hoto, wannan LED, wanda da'irar kwatancen ke tuƙa shi, yana ba da haske kore mai haske, mai jan hankali don nuna yanayin baturi na al'ada. Ingantaccen aikin sa yana rage ragewar baturi da kansa.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Ana samar da haske ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor na InGaN. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakin kofa na kunna na'urar a kan anode da cathode, ana shigar da electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type zuwa yankin aiki. Lokacin da electrons da ramuka suka sake haɗuwa a wannan yanki mai aiki, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na gawa na Indium Gallium Nitride yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda yake daidai da tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, kore a 525 nm.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Amfani da kayan InGaN don LED kore yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci akan tsofaffin fasahohi, yana ba da inganci da haske mafi girma. Trend ɗin masana'antu yana ci gaba zuwa ƙara ingancin haske (lumens a kowace watt) da inganta daidaiton launi (ƙaramin rarrabawa). Don sassa masu ramuka, akwai sauyin kasuwa gaba ɗaya zuwa kunsa na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik, amma LED masu ramuka suna da mahimmanci don ƙirar ƙira, amfani da ilimi, gyara, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma ko zubar da zafi ta hanyar igiyoyi. Ci gaban tattarawa kuma yana mai da hankali kan inganta sarrafa zafin jiki don kiyaye fitar da haske da tsawon rai a manyan ƙarfin lantarki na aiki da yanayin zafi.