Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTL17KGH5D - Fitilar LED Kori - Girman T-1 (3mm) - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Halin Yanzu na DC 30mA - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha don fitilar LED kori ta cikin rami. An ƙera na'urar don nuna matsayi da aikace-aikacen sigina a cikin kewayon kayan aikin lantarki. Ana bayar da ita a cikin sanannen fakitin diamita T-1 (3mm), yana ba da tsari na gama gari don sauƙin haɗawa cikin ƙirar da ke akwai.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantacciyar aiki, wanda ya sa ya dace da na'urori masu amfani da baturi da na layin wutar lantarki. An gina shi da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma ya bi ka'idojin muhalli na RoHS. Na'urar tana da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa kori wanda ke taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa kusurwar kallo da tausasa fitowar haske don dalilai na nuna alama.

Kasuwannin da aka yi niyya don wannan ɓangaren suna da faɗi, sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urorin kwamfuta, na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, kayan aikin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu. Amintaccen sa da daidaitaccen fakitin sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai fa'ida ga masu ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen mai nuna alama na gani.

2. Zurfin Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

An ƙayyade na'urar don aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakokin muhalli da na lantarki don tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙididdiga yana ayyana iyakokin da sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):75 mW matsakaici. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya watsawa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi, wanda aka lissafta daga ƙarfin wutar gaba da halin yanzu.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):90 mA matsakaici. Wannan ƙimar tana aiki ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da cikakken aiki na 10% ko ƙasa da haka kuma faɗin bugun jini bai wuce microseconds 10 ba. Yana da amfani don ɗan gajeren walƙiya mai haske.
• Halin Yanzu na DC Gaba (I_F):30 mA matsakaici. Wannan shine shawarar matsakaicin halin yanzu na ci gaba don aiki na yau da kullun. Wuce wannan ƙimar na iya haifar da haɓakar raguwar lumen da rage tsawon rayuwa.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don ingantaccen aiki a cikin wannan faɗin kewayon zafin masana'antu.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5, wanda aka auna a wuri mai nisan 2.0mm (0.079 inci) daga jikin epoxy. Wannan ƙimar yana da mahimmanci don hanyoyin solder na igiyar ruwa ko na hannu.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a daidaitaccen zafin yanayi (T_A) na 25°C kuma suna ayyana aikin LED na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_V):110 (Min), 180 (Typ), 520 (Max) mcd a I_F= 20mA. Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da madaidaicin madaidaicin ido (CIE). Ana amfani da juzu'in gwaji na ±15% ga iyakokin kwandon shara.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 50 (Na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa (a kan-axis). Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan faɗin kusurwar kallo.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na Fitarwa (λ_P):574 nm (Na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon zango inda rarraba ikon bakan ya kai kololuwar sa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango (λ_d):566 (Min), 571 (Typ), 578 (Max) nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launin LED, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):11 nm (Na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna tsarkin bakan, yana auna faɗin bakan fitarwa a rabin matsakaicin ikonsa.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):2.1 (Min), 2.4 (Typ) Volts a I_F= 20mA. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan raguwar wutar lantarki lokacin lissafin masu iyakance halin yanzu na jerin.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):100 μA matsakaici a V_R= 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera wannan na'urar don aikin nuna son rai ba; wannan yanayin gwaji ne kawai don siffanta.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Kwandon Shara

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED cikin kwandon shara bisa mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.

3.1 Ƙarfin Hasken Kwandon Shara

Raka'a suna cikin millicandelas (mcd) da aka auna a 20mA. Juzu'in kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±15%.

• Kwandon FG:Matsakaicin 110 mcd, Matsakaici 180 mcd.
• Kwandon HJ:Matsakaicin 180 mcd, Matsakaici 310 mcd.
• Kwandon KL:Matsakaicin 310 mcd, Matsakaici 520 mcd.

An yiwa lambar rarraba ƙarfin alama a kan kowace jakar tattarawa don bin diddigin.

3.2 Matsakaicin Tsawon Zango na Kwandon Shara

Raka'a suna cikin nanometers (nm) da aka auna a 20mA. Juzu'in kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±1 nm. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan sarrafawa yana tabbatar da daidaiton inuwar kore a cikin jerin samarwa.

• Kwandon H06:566.0 nm zuwa 568.0 nm
• Kwandon H07:568.0 nm zuwa 570.0 nm
• Kwandon H08:570.0 nm zuwa 572.0 nm
• Kwandon H09:572.0 nm zuwa 574.0 nm
• Kwandon H10:574.0 nm zuwa 576.0 nm
• Kwandon H11:576.0 nm zuwa 578.0 nm

4. Binciken Madaidaicin Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan madaidaitan 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.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

The typical forward voltage of 2.4V at 20mA indicates this is a standard efficiency GaP or similar material-based green LED. The I-V relationship is exponential. Operating the LED at currents significantly below 20mA will result in a lower forward voltage and reduced light output. Exceeding the maximum DC current will cause the voltage to rise more sharply, generating excessive heat.

.2 Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

Luminous intensity is approximately proportional to the forward current in the normal operating range (e.g., up to 30mA). However, efficiency (lumens per watt) often peaks at a current lower than the maximum rating. Driving the LED at 20mA, as used for testing, is a common operating point that balances brightness and longevity.

.3 Spectral Distribution

With a peak wavelength of 574nm and a dominant wavelength in the 571nm range, this LED emits in the pure green region of the visible spectrum. The spectral half-width of 11nm is characteristic of a standard green LED, providing a saturated color suitable for indicators.

.4 Temperature Characteristics

Like all LEDs, the performance of this device is temperature-dependent. Typically, the forward voltage decreases with increasing junction temperature (negative temperature coefficient), while the luminous intensity also decreases. The wide operating temperature range of -40°C to +85°C ensures functionality in harsh environments, but designers should note that light output at temperature extremes will be lower than at 25°C.

. Mechanical & Packaging Information

.1 Outline Dimensions

The device uses the standard T-1 (3mm) round through-hole package. Key dimensional notes include:

• All dimensions are in millimeters, with tolerances of ±0.25mm unless otherwise specified.
• A maximum protrusion of resin under the flange of 1.0mm is allowed.
• Lead spacing is measured at the point where the leads emerge from the package body.
• The physical drawing (referenced on page 2/9 of the datasheet) provides the complete dimensional details for PCB layout.

.2 Polarity Identification

For through-hole LEDs, the cathode is typically identified by a flat spot on the lens rim, a shorter lead, or other marking. The specific identification method should be confirmed from the package outline drawing. Correct polarity is essential; applying reverse voltage exceeding 5V can damage the device.

.3 Packaging Specifications

The LEDs are supplied in anti-static packing bags. Standard packing quantities are:

• Packing Bag: 1000, 500, 200, or 100 pieces.
• Inner Carton: Contains 10 packing bags, totaling 10,000 pieces.
• Outer Carton: Contains 8 inner cartons, totaling 80,000 pieces.

It is noted that within a shipping lot, only the final pack may be a non-full pack.

. Soldering & Assembly Guidelines

.1 Storage Conditions

For optimal shelf life, LEDs should be stored in an environment not exceeding 30°C and 70% relative humidity. If removed from their original moisture-barrier bags, it is recommended to use them within three months. For longer-term storage outside the original packaging, they should be kept in a sealed container with desiccant or in a nitrogen-purged desiccator to prevent moisture absorption, which can cause "popcorning" during soldering.

.2 Lead Forming

If leads need to be bent, this must be donebeforesoldering and at room temperature. The bend should be made at a point at least 3mm away from the base of the LED lens. The base of the lead frame must not be used as a fulcrum, as this can stress the internal wire bonds. During PCB insertion, use the minimum clinch force necessary to avoid mechanical stress on the package.

.3 Soldering Process

A minimum clearance of 2.0mm must be maintained between the base of the epoxy lens and the solder point. Dipping the lens into molten solder must be avoided.

Recommended Soldering Conditions:

• Soldering Iron:Maximum temperature 350°C, for a maximum of 3 seconds per lead (one time only).
• Wave Soldering:
  • Pre-heat: Maximum 100°C for up to 60 seconds.
  • Solder Wave: Maximum 260°C.
  • Soldering Time: Maximum 5 seconds.
  • Dipping Position: No lower than 2.0mm from the base of the epoxy bulb.

Critical Warning:Excessive soldering temperature or time can cause the epoxy lens to deform (melt) or lead to catastrophic failure of the LED chip. Infrared (IR) reflow soldering is explicitly stated asnot suitablefor this through-hole type LED product.

.4 Cleaning

If cleaning is required after soldering, only alcohol-based solvents such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) should be used. Harsh or aggressive chemicals may damage the epoxy lens.

. Application & Design Recommendations

.1 Drive Circuit Design

LEDs are current-operated devices. To ensure uniform brightness when driving multiple LEDs, especially in parallel, it isstrongly recommendedto use a individual current-limiting resistor in series with each LED (Circuit Model A).

Avoid connecting multiple LEDs directly in parallel without individual resistors (Circuit Model B). Small variations in the forward voltage (V_F) characteristic from one LED to another can cause significant current imbalance, leading to uneven brightness and potential over-current in one device while others are under-driven.

The series resistor value (R_S) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: R_S= (V_Supply- V_F) / I_F. Use the typical or maximum V_Ffrom the datasheet for a conservative design. For example, with a 5V supply, a target I_Fof 20mA, and a V_Fof 2.4V: R_S= (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ohms. A standard 130Ω or 150Ω resistor would be appropriate, also considering the resistor's power rating (P = I²R).

.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

The LED is susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge. The following precautions must be observed during handling and assembly:

• Personnel should wear a grounded wrist strap or anti-static gloves.
• All equipment, workbenches, and storage racks must be properly grounded.
• Use an ionizer to neutralize static charge that may build up on the plastic lens due to friction during handling.
• Implement an ESD control program with training, certification, and regular checks of workstations (ensuring surfaces measure less than 100V).

.3 Thermal Management

While the power dissipation is low (75mW max), proper thermal design extends LED life. Avoid operating at the absolute maximum current and temperature simultaneously. Ensure the PCB layout does not trap heat around the LED body, especially if it is part of a densely packed array.

. Typical Application Scenarios

This green LED is well-suited for a multitude of status indication applications:

• Power/Status Indicators:On/Off, standby, or operational status on devices like routers, chargers, and power supplies.
• Equipment Panel Indicators:Signal presence, mode selection, or fault warnings on industrial control panels, test equipment, and audio gear.
• Consumer Electronics:Backlighting for buttons, status lights on appliances, or decorative lighting in toys.
• Automotive Interior Indicators:For non-critical interior lighting where specifications meet the environmental requirements.
• Signage & Displays:As individual pixels or indicators in low-resolution informational displays.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

.1 Can I drive this LED without a series resistor?

No.An LED must be driven with a current-limited source. Connecting it directly to a voltage source like a battery or power supply will cause excessive current to flow, rapidly destroying the device. A series resistor is the simplest form of current limiting.

.2 What is the difference between Peak Wavelength and Dominant Wavelength?

Peak Wavelength (λ_P)is the literal wavelength where the LED emits the most optical power.Dominant Wavelength (λ_d)is a calculated value that corresponds to the perceived color by the human eye on the CIE chromaticity chart. For monochromatic LEDs like this green one, they are often close, but λ_dis the more relevant parameter for color specification.

.3 Why is there a minimum soldering distance (2.0mm) from the lens?

This distance is critical to prevent thermal shock and heat damage to the epoxy lens and the internal die attach material. Solder heat conducted up the lead can melt the epoxy or weaken the internal bonds if it reaches the package body.

.4 How do I interpret the luminous intensity bin codes (FG, HJ, KL)?

These codes represent sorted groups based on measured light output. For consistent brightness in an application, specify and use LEDs from the same intensity bin. For example, if your design requires higher brightness, you would specify Bin KL parts. The bin code is marked on the packaging for identification.

. Design Case Study: Multi-LED Status Panel

Scenario:Designing a control panel with 10 green status indicators, each independently controlled by a 5V microcontroller GPIO pin.

Design Steps:

1. Current Selection:Choose a drive current of 20mA for good brightness within the device's linear range.
2. Resistor Calculation:Using the typical V_Fof 2.4V and a 5V supply: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130Ω. A standard 130Ω 1/4W resistor is selected.
3. Circuit Topology:Each LED has its own 130Ω resistor connected in series between the microcontroller pin and the LED anode. The LED cathodes are connected to ground. This is the recommended "Circuit A" from the datasheet, implemented 10 times.
4. Microcontroller Consideration:Verify that the microcontroller's GPIO pins can source or sink the total required current (10 * 20mA = 200mA). If not, use transistor drivers.
5. PCB Layout:Place the resistor close to the LED's anode lead. Maintain the 2.0mm clearance from the LED body for any solder pads or traces. Ensure the LEDs are spaced to allow adequate heat dissipation.
6. Part Selection:Specify LEDs from a single Dominant Wavelength bin (e.g., H08 for 570-572nm) and a single Luminous Intensity bin (e.g., HJ for 180-310mcd) to ensure uniform color and brightness across the panel.

This approach guarantees reliable, consistent, and long-lasting operation of all indicator LEDs.