Fitilar LED Kore ta Ciki ta Rami 525nm - 3.0mm Diamita - 2.4-3.3V - 64mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED kore ta ciki ta rami wacce aka ƙera don amfani a cikin maɗaurin baƙar fata na kusurwa madaidaiciya (CBI - Mai Nuna Allon Kewayawa). Samfurin wata hanyar haske ce mai ƙarfi wacce ke ba da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantaccen aiki. Samfurin ne maras gubar wanda ya dace da umarnin RoHS. Launin da ake fitarwa kore ne tare da tsayin zango mafi rinjaye na 525nm, ta amfani da fasahar InGaN. Ana samar da na'urar a cikin marufi na tef da reel don hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• An ƙera shi don sauƙaƙe haɗa allon kewayawa.
• Ingantaccen aminci na ƙarfi tare da dogon rayuwar aiki.
• Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantaccen aiki na haske.
• Abun kare muhalli, maras gubar, da ginin da ya dace da RoHS.
• Ana samunsa a cikin tsarin maɗauri na kusurwa madaidaiciya wanda za'a iya tattarawa don hawa iri-iri.
• Ana samar da shi a cikin tef da reel don ingantaccen samarwa mai yawa.

1.2 Ayyukan Da Ake Nufi

Wannan LED ya dace da ayyuka iri-iri a cikin masana'antu da yawa, gami da:

• Na'urorin kwamfuta da masu nuna matsayi.
• Kayan aikin sadarwa.
• Kayan lantarki na masu amfani.
• Allunan sarrafa masana'antu da injina.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Iyaka

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):64 mW - Matsakaicin wutar lantarki da LED zai iya watsar da shi cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):60 mA - Ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 10μs).
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba na DC (IF):20 mA - Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogaro.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki:-30°C zuwa +85°C - Kewayon zafin muhalli don aikin na'urar na yau da kullun.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C - Kewayon zafin da ya dace ga na'urar lokacin da ba a aiki ba.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici, an auna 2.0mm daga jikin LED. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don igiyar ruwa ko hanyoyin solder na hannu.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & na Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana aikin al'ada na LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (TA=25°C, IF=10mA sai dai an lura).

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):180 zuwa 880 mcd. An sarrafa wannan faɗin kewayon ta hanyar tsarin rarrabuwa (duba Sashe na 4). Ma'aunin yana amfani da firikwensin/tace wanda ya kusan daidaita lankwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 100. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial (a kan-axis), yana nuna tsarin dubawa mai faɗi da ya dace da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa.
• Tsawon Zangon Fitowar Kololuwa (λP):530 nm (na al'ada). Tsawon zango wanda rarraba ikon bakan ya fi girma.
• Tsawon Zangon Mafi Rinjaye (λd):525 zuwa 535 nm. Wannan shine tsayin zango guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launin LED, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):25 nm (na al'ada). Faɗin bakan da aka auna a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfi, yana nuna tsaftar launi.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):2.4 zuwa 3.3 V a 10mA. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan kewayon lokacin ƙira na'urar iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):10 μA matsakaici a VR=5V.Mahimmanci:Ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin nuna son rai ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don siffanta kawai ne.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara. Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙayyade lambobin kwandon shara lokacin yin oda don tabbatar da aiki a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana yin rarrabuwa a halin yanzu na gaba na 10mA. Haƙuri ga kowane iyakar kwandon shara ±15% ne.

• Kwandon HJ:180 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 310 mcd (Mafi girma)
• Kwandon KL:310 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 520 mcd (Mafi girma)
• Kwandon MN:520 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 880 mcd (Mafi girma)

3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Zangon Hasken

Ana yin rarrabuwa a halin yanzu na gaba na 10mA. Haƙuri ga kowane iyakar kwandon shara ±1nm ne.

• Kwandon G09:516.0 nm (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 520.0 nm (Mafi girma)
• Kwandon G10:520.0 nm (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 527.0 nm (Mafi girma)
• Kwandon G11:527.0 nm (Mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 535.0 nm (Mafi girma)

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lankwasun zane a cikin takardar bayanai, waɗannan fassarorin sun dogara ne akan halayen LED na yau da kullun da kuma ma'aunin da aka bayar:

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yana da ƙayyadadden kewayon 2.4V zuwa 3.3V a 10mA. Halin I-V yana da ma'ana. Yin amfani da LED sama da ƙimar halin yanzu zai haifar da haɓaka mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da kuma watsar da wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin ƙididdiga. Ana ba da shawarar mai tuki mai tsayayye da ƙarfi fiye da tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayayye don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitar da haske da tsawon rai.

4.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Ƙarfin haske yana da kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon aiki. Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a manyan halayen yanzu saboda ƙarin tasirin zafi. Ƙimar Iv da aka ƙayyade tana a 10mA; tuƙi a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC na 20mA zai haifar da ƙarin ƙarfi amma dole ne a yi shi tare da kulawar zafi mai kyau.

4.3 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Ƙarfin haske na LEDs yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin yake ƙaruwa. Yayin da takardar bayanai ke ba da iyakokin zafin aiki (-30°C zuwa +85°C), ainihin fitar da haske a iyakar sama zai zama ƙasa da a 25°C. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kwanciyar hankali mai haske a kan faɗin kewayon zafin jiki, ƙirar zafi akan PCB da yuwuwar ramuwar haske a cikin na'urar tuƙi ya kamata a yi la'akari.

5. Bayanan Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Tsari da Haɗawa

An ƙera LED don haɗawa da takamaiman maɗaurin filastik baƙar fata na kusurwa madaidaiciya. Muhimman bayanan injiniya sun haɗa da:

• Duk girmansu suna cikin milimita, tare da haƙuri na gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Kayan maɗauri filastik baƙar fata ne.
• Fitilar LED kanta tana da ruwan tabarau kore mai yaduwa.
• Don haɗawa, dole ne a lanƙwasa jagororin a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora a matsayin fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

Ana samar da na'urar a cikin daidaitaccen tsarin tef da reel na masana'antu.

• Tef ɗin Mai ɗaukar Kaya:An yi shi da baƙar fata conductive polystyrene gami, tare da kauri na 0.50 ±0.06 mm.
• Ƙarfin Reel:Guda 400 a kowace reel inci 13.
• Marufin Akwati:
  • Ana tattara reel 1 tare da busasshiyar bushewa da katin nuna ɗanɗano a cikin Jakar Shinge Danshi (MBB).
  • Ana tattara MBB 2 (gabaɗaya guda 800) a cikin Akwatin Ciki.
  • Ana tattara Akwatunan Ciki 10 (gabaɗaya guda 8,000) a cikin Akwatin Waje.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Ajiya da Gudanarwa

• Marufi Mai Rufi:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan buɗe jakar hana danshi.
• Marufin Da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Ya kamata a sake karkatar da abubuwan IR cikin sa'o'i 168 (mako 1) bayan fallasa. Don ajiye fiye da sa'o'i 168, a gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin solder don hana lalacewa da danshi ya haifar ("popcorning") yayin sake karkatarwa.

6.2 Tsarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin sharewa na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau/maɗauri da wurin solder.

• Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokaci daƙiƙa 3 a kowane haɗin gwiwa. Aiwatar sau ɗaya kawai.
• Solder na Igwa:Matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin dumama 120°C har zuwa daƙiƙa 100. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na igiyar ruwan solder 260°C na matsakaicin daƙiƙa 5.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol idan ya cancanta. Guji sinadarai masu tsauri.

6.3 Gargaɗin Aikace-aikace

• Wannan LED ya dace da alamun ciki/waje da kayan lantarki na gabaɗaya.
• Guci amfani da damuwa na waje ga jagororin yayin solder yayin da LED yake da zafi.
• Yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ɗamƙa yayin haɗa PCB don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan kayan.
• Yawan zafin solder ko lokaci na iya canza siffar ruwan tabarau na LED da lalata mutuwar ciki.

7. Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira & Bayanan Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙira na'urar Lantarki

Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jeri ko na'urar tuƙi mai tsayayye. Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da dabara: R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin matsakaicin ƙimar daga takardar bayanai (3.3V) don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce iyaka ba ko da tare da LED mai ƙarancin VF. Don samar da 5V da halin yanzu da ake nufi na 10mA, resistor zai kasance kusan (5V - 3.3V) / 0.01A = 170 Ω. Zaɓin resistor na al'ada 180 Ω zai zama zaɓi mai aminci.

7.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Ko da yake watsar da wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa (64mW matsakaici), tabbatar da isasshen watsar da zafi daga haɗin LED yana tsawaita tsawon rai da kuma kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na haske. Maɗaurin filastik na kusurwa madaidaiciya yana ba da ɗan keɓancewa, amma shimfidar PCB ya kamata ya guje wa sanya LED kusa da wasu mahimman tushen zafi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC (20mA), la'akari da zafi ya zama mafi mahimmanci.

7.3 Haɗaɗɗen Hasken Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 100 da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa suna ba da fitar da haske mai faɗi, mai laushi wanda ya dace da masu nuna matsayi waɗanda ke buƙatar ganin su daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙara mayar da hankali ga katako, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu. Launin kore (525-535nm) yana cikin yanki na babban hankali ga idon ɗan adam, yana mai da shi mai inganci sosai ga masu nuna hankali.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED ta cikin rami ta bambanta kanta ta hanyar haɗawa tare da keɓaɓɓen maɗauri na kusurwa madaidaiciya (CBI), yana ba da cikakkiyar mafita mai sauƙin haɗawa. Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs na saman-mount, nau'ikan ta cikin rami irin wannan sau da yawa suna ba da ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma don aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin girgiza ko sarrafa hannu. Takamaiman tsarin rarrabuwa don duka ƙarfi da tsawon zango yana ba da damar daidaita launi da haske a cikin allunan masu nuna alama da yawa, wata fa'ida mai mahimmanci fiye da LEDs na kayayyaki marasa rarrabuwa ko faɗi. Cikakkun jagororin hankali na danshi da solder kuma suna nuna samfurin da aka ƙera don ingantattun hanyoyin samarwa masu dogaro.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

9.1 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zangon Kololuwa da Tsawon Zangon Mafi Rinjaye?

Tsawon Zangon Kololuwa (λP) shine tsayin zango na zahiri wanda LED ke fitar da mafi yawan ikon gani. Tsawon Zangon Mafi Rinjaye (λd) ƙima ce da aka ƙidaya bisa ga fahimtar launi na ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) wanda ke wakiltar tsayin zango guda ɗaya da muke ganin hasken ya kasance. Don LEDs kore, sau da yawa suna kusa, amma λd shine mafi dacewa ma'auni don ƙayyadaddun launi.

9.2 Shin Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 20mA a ci gaba?

Ee, 20mA shine matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na DC da aka ba da shawarar. Duk da haka, yin aiki a wannan matsakaicin zai haifar da ƙarin zafi kuma yana iya rage tsawon rai na LED idan aka kwatanta da yin aiki a ƙaramin halin yanzu kamar 10mA. Tabbatar cewa yanayin yanayi yana cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma yi la'akari da ƙirar zafi idan an yi amfani da LEDs da yawa.

9.3 Me Ya Sa Kewayon Ƙarfin Hasken Yayi Faɗi Haka (180-880 mcd)?

Wannan shine jimillar yuwuwar kewayon a duk samarwa. Tsarin rarrabuwa (HJ, KL, MN) ya raba wannan kewayon zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu daidaito. Dole ne ku ƙayyade lambobin kwandon shara da ake buƙata lokacin yin oda don samun LEDs a cikin kewayon haske mai iya hasashe don aikace-aikacenku.

9.4 Shin Koyaushe Ana Bukatar Gasawa Idan An Buɗe Jakar Fiye da Sa'o'i 168?

Ee, ana ba da shawarar gasa a 60°C na sa'o'i 48 don fitar da danshin da aka sha. Tsallake wannan mataki yana haɗarin haɓaka matsa lamba tururi yayin tsarin solder mai zafi, wanda zai iya haifar da ɓarkewar ciki ko fashewa ("popcorning"), wanda zai haifar da gazawa nan take ko a ɓoye.

10. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙira allon mai nuna matsayi da yawa don mai sarrafa masana'antu.

Mai ƙira yana buƙatar masu nuna alamar "Tsarin Na Yau Da Kullun" kore akan allon a tsaye. Sun zaɓi wannan LED tare da maɗaurin kusurwa madaidaiciya don sauƙin hawa PCB da kuma bayyani mai kyau na gefe. Don tabbatar da kamanni iri ɗaya, sun ƙayyade Kwandon KL don ƙarfi (310-520 mcd) da Kwandon G10 don tsawon zango (520-527 nm) a cikin odar siyayya. A kan PCB, sun sanya LEDs tare da tazara tsakiya-zuwa-tsakiya wanda ya dace da sawun maɗauri. Na'urar tuƙi tana amfani da layin dogo na 5V da resistors masu iyakance halin yanzu 180Ω ga kowane LED, inda aka saita halin yanzu zuwa ~10mA. Yayin haɗawa, ƙungiyar samarwa ta bi ƙa'idar rayuwar bene na sa'o'i 168, tana gasa duk wani reel da aka fallasa kafin a yi solder igiyar ruwa akan allon. Sakamakon shine panel tare da masu nuna alama kore masu haske iri ɗaya waɗanda ke bayyane a fili daga wurin ma'aikacin.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan diode mai fitar da haske ne na semiconductor (LED). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na halayensa (VF), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na kayan semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Wannan tsarin sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki na gami na InGaN yana ƙayyade makamashin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsayin zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, kore a kusan 525-535 nm. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai yaduwa yana rufe mutuwar semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana siffanta fitar da haske zuwa faɗin kusurwar dubawa.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Yayin da LEDs na cikin rami ke kasancewa mahimmanci don ƙarfi da wasu nau'ikan haɗawa, babban yanayin masana'antu shine zuwa ga na'urorin hawa saman (SMD) LEDs saboda ƙaramin girmansu, dacewa don zaɓi da sanyawa ta atomatik, da mafi kyawun hanyar zafi zuwa PCB. Duk da haka, nau'ikan ta cikin rami irin wannan suna ci gaba da hidima ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na injiniya, sauƙaƙe ƙirar samfuri na hannu, ko takamaiman sifofin gani (kamar duban kusurwa madaidaiciya). Ci gaba a cikin abubuwan da aka canza phosphor da kayan semiconductor kai tsaye suna ci gaba da inganta inganci, bayyana launi, da matsakaicin haske na kowane nau'in LED, gami da fakitin ta cikin rami. Ƙarfafa akan daidaitaccen rarrabuwa da sarrafa hankali na danshi, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takardar bayanai, yana nuna yunƙurin masana'antu don ingantaccen dogaro da daidaito a cikin kayan lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu.