Takardun Bayanin Fasaha na LTL-R42FTBN4D - Fitilar LED Mai Shudi - Diamita 5mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 3.8V - Halin Yanzu 20mA - Ƙarfin Wuta 117mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken ƙayyadaddun bayanan fasaha na LTL-R42FTBN4D, fitilar LED mai nuni da aka ɗora ta hanyar rami. Wannan na'urar wani ɓangare ne na dangin LED da ake bayarwa a cikin girma daban-daban na marufi, ciki har da 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, murabba'i, da siffofi na silinda, waɗanda aka ƙera don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen nuni na yanayi daban-daban a cikin masana'antu da yawa. Takamaiman samfurin LTL-R42FTBN4D yana da siffar fitar da shudi, yana amfani da ƙwayar semiconductor na InGaN tare da matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 470nm, wanda aka sanya a cikin daidaitaccen marufin T-1 (5mm) tare da ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa fari.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

An ƙera LTL-R42FTBN4D don aminci da sauƙin haɗawa cikin da'irorin lantarki. Siffofinsa na mahimmanci sun haɗa da ƙira da aka inganta don haɗa allon da'ira kai tsaye, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu. Na'urar tana alfahari da ƙarancin abun ciki na halogen, wanda ya dace da la'akari da ƙa'idodin muhalli. Ya cika dacewa da matakan dabaru na haɗaɗɗen da'ira, yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin tuƙi kawai, wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙirar wutar lantarki da rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na tsarin gaba ɗaya. Ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa fari yana ba da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi da daidaito, yana haɓaka ganuwa. Bugu da ƙari, LED yana ba da ingantaccen haske, yana ba da fitarwa mai haske yayin riƙe ƙarancin watsi da wutar lantarki.

1.2 Aikace-aikace da Kasuwanni da Ake Kaiwa

Wannan LED ya dace da fa'ida mai faɗi na aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuni na gani mai tsabta, amintacce. Kasuwannin da ake kaiwa na farko sun haɗa da masana'antar kwamfuta, inda za'a iya amfani da shi don fitilun wutar lantarki, ayyukan faifai, ko yanayin hanyar sadarwa akan kwamfutoci, sabar, da na'urorin gefe. A cikin sashin sadarwa, ya dace don alamomi akan masu karkatar da hanya, masu sauya, modem, da sauran kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa. Kayan lantarki na mabukaci kamar kayan aikin sauti/bidiyo, kayan aikin gida, da na'urori masu ɗaukuwa daban-daban suna wakiltar wani muhimmin yanki na aikace-aikace. Ƙarfinsa kuma ya sa ya dace don amfani a cikin allunan sarrafa masana'antu da kayan aikin aunawa.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Cikakkiyar fahimtar iyakoki da halayen aiki na na'urar yana da mahimmanci don ƙira mai dogaro.

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba. An ƙayyade iyakar ma'auni na cikakke a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C. Matsakaicin watsi da wutar lantarki na ci gaba shine 117 milliwatts. Na'urar na iya ɗaukar halin yanzu na gaba na DC na 20mA a ci gaba. Don aikin bugun jini, matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 100mA yana halatta, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗa masu tsauri: zagayowar aiki na 1/10 ko ƙasa da haka kuma faɗin bugun jini bai wuce 10 microseconds ba. Kewayon zafin aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, yayin da kewayon zafin ajiya ya faɗaɗa daga -55°C zuwa +100°C. Yayin gishiri, igiyoyin za su iya jure zafin 260°C na matsakaicin 5 seconds, muddin wurin gishiri ya kasance aƙalla 2.0mm (0.079 inches) nesa da jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, yawanci a TA=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20mA. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 400 millicandelas (mcd), tare da garantin mafi ƙarancin 180 mcd da matsakaicin 880 mcd, ƙarƙashin jurewar gwaji na ±15%. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, shine digiri 60. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman fitarwa (λP) shine 468 nm. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd), wanda a fahimta yana ayyana launi, ya bambanta daga 460 nm zuwa 475 nm. Faɗin bandeji na gani (Δλ) shine 25 nm. Ƙarfin wutar gaba (VF) yawanci yana auna 3.8V, tare da matsakaicin 3.8V. Halin yanzu na baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 microamperes lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar baya (VR) na 5V; yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera wannan na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin baya ba.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon shara dangane da ma'auni masu mahimmanci.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba fitarwar haske zuwa kwandon shara da aka gano ta lambar harafi ɗaya. Kowane kwandon shara yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙarancin ƙarfi da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin da aka auna a millicandelas (mcd) a IF=20mA. Tsarin binning shine kamar haka: Kwandon shara H (180-240 mcd), Kwandon shara J (240-310 mcd), Kwandon shara K (310-400 mcd), Kwandon shara L (400-520 mcd), Kwandon shara M (520-680 mcd), da Kwandon shara N (680-880 mcd). Jurewar ±15% ya shafi iyakokin kowane kwandon shara. An yiwa lambar kwandon shara takamaiman don ƙarfi akan kowane jakar tattarawa, yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da kewayon haske da ake so don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Binning na Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa

Launi, wanda aka ayyana ta hanyar tsayin raƙuman ruwa, shima ana binning don tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Ana gano kwandon shara ta lambar alfanumerik (misali, B07, B08, B09). Matsakaicin kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa sune: B07 (460.0 - 465.0 nm), B08 (465.0 - 470.0 nm), da B09 (470.0 - 475.0 nm). Ana kiyaye jurewa mai tsauri na ±1 nanometer ga kowane iyaka na kwandon shara. Wannan ingantaccen binning yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen inda daidaita launi tsakanin LED da yawa ke da mahimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Hoto na siffofi masu mahimmanci yana ba da zurfin fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

Takardun bayanin ya haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye na al'ada, waɗanda ba su da ƙima don binciken ƙira. Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin haske, suna nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu. Sun kuma kwatanta alaƙar ƙarfin wutar gaba da halin yanzu na gaba, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙididdige madaidaicin resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, lanƙwasa dogaro da zafin jiki zai nuna yadda ma'auni kamar ƙarfin haske da ƙarfin wutar gaba ke canzawa tare da canje-canje a cikin yanayin muhalli ko haɗin zafin jiki, ko da yake ba a ƙayyade takamaiman bayanan lanƙwasa a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba. Masu ƙira ya kamata su koma cikin cikakken bayanan hoto don fahimtar buƙatun rage daraja da aiki a ƙarƙashin zafin jiki mara daidaito.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Bayani da Jurewa

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen bayanin marufin zagaye na T-1 (5mm) ta hanyar rami. An ba da duk girma a cikin millimeters, tare da jujjuyawar inch mai rakiya. Jurewar gabaɗaya don girma shine ±0.25mm (0.010 inches) sai dai idan takamaiman bayanin kula ya faɗi in ba haka ba. Muhimman bayanan kula na injiniya sun haɗa da: matsakaicin tsinkaya na guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm (0.04 inches); ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fito daga jikin marufi. Dole ne masu ƙira su haɗa waɗannan jurewa cikin shimfidar PCB da ƙirar injiniya.

6. Jagororin Gishiri da Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye mutuncin da aikin na'urar.

6.1 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, yanayin muhalli bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. LED da aka cire daga ainihin marufinsu, mai kariya da danshi, ya kamata a yi amfani da su a cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsayi a waje da ainihin fakitin, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

6.2 Ƙirar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi haka kafin aikin gishiri kuma a yanayin zafin ɗaki na al'ada. Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a wurin da bai kusa da 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED ba. Mahimmanci, gindin firam ɗin jagora da kansa bai kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa ba, saboda hakan na iya damun haɗin gwiwar ciki na mutu kuma ya haifar da gazawa.

6.3 Ma'auni na Aikin Gishiri

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau da wurin gishiri. Dole ne a guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin gishiri. Ba za a yi amfani da damuwa na waje ga jagororin ba yayin da LED yake da zafi mai yawa. Ana ba da shawarar yanayi:
Gishiri na Hannu (Ƙarfe):Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokaci 3 seconds kowace jagora (sau ɗaya kawai).
Gishiri na Wave:Yi pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa 60 seconds. Gishiri wave a matsakaicin 260°C har zuwa 5 seconds. Matsayin tsoma dole ne ya tabbatar cewa gishirin bai zo cikin 2mm na gindin ruwan tabarau ba.
Wuce waɗannan iyakokin zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar LED mai tsanani.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

LTL-R42FTBN4D yana samuwa a cikin daidaitattun adadin marufi don dacewa da ma'auni daban-daban na samarwa. Asalin naúrar jakar tattarawa ce, ana samun adadin 1000, 500, 200, ko 100 guda a kowace jaka. Don girma mai girma, an haɗa goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkunan tattarawa zuwa cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar 10,000 guda. A ƙarshe, an tattara akwatunan ciki takwas zuwa babban akwatin waje ɗaya, yana ba da adadi mai yawa na 80,000 guda a kowace akwatin waje. An lura cewa a cikin yawan jigilar kaya, kawai fakitin ƙarshe na iya ƙunsar adadin da bai cika ba.

8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawara sosai don amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a jere tare da kowane LED. Tsarin da aka yiwa alama "Tsarin Da'ira (A)" a cikin takardun bayanin yana kwatanta wannan hanya daidai. Haɗa LED kawai a layi daya ba tare da resistors na mutum ɗaya ba (kamar yadda yake a "Tsarin Da'ira (B)") ba a ba da shawara saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin sifa na ƙarfin wutar gaba (Vf) na kowane LED zai sa halin yanzu ya rabu ba daidai ba, yana haifar da bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki a cikin haske.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Wannan LED yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki ko ƙaruwar wutar lantarki. An ba da shawarar cikakken shirin sarrafa ESD don sarrafawa da haɗawa. Muhimman matakan sun haɗa da: ma'aikata suna sanye da rigunan wuyan hannu masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki ko safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki; tabbatar duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rumfunan ajiya suna da tushe da kyau; da kuma amfani da ionizers don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik saboda gogayya. An kuma ba da shawarar shirin horarwa da takaddun shaida ga ma'aikatan da ke aiki a yankin mai tsaron tsaye.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da La'akari da Ƙira

Idan aka kwatanta da LED marasa yaduwa ko ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, farin ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa na LTL-R42FTBN4D yana ba da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi da mafi daidaito, yana mai da shi mafi girma ga aikace-aikacen inda mai nuni yana buƙatar ganuwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Ƙarancin buƙatunsa na halin yanzu ya sa ya dace da tuƙi kai tsaye daga filayen GPIO na microcontroller, sau da yawa ba tare da buƙatar matakin direba transistor ba, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar da'ira. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi lissafin ƙimar resistor na jere a hankali dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ƙarfin wutar gaba na LED (ta amfani da matsakaicin ƙimar 3.8V don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya), da halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (yawanci 20mA ko ƙasa don tsawon rayuwa). Dole ne kuma a duba watsi da wutar lantarki a cikin resistor.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V?
A: Ee, amma dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jere. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / If. Ta amfani da ƙimar al'ada (5V - 3.8V) / 0.020A = 60 ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 62 ko 68 ohm zai dace, yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu ya kasance kusa ko ƙasa da 20mA.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa da tsayin raƙuman ruwa?
A: Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λP) shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa wanda fitarwar ƙarfin gani ya fi girma (468 nm). Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) an samo shi daga ma'auni na launi akan zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken da aka gane (460-475 nm). Don ƙira, matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar kwandon shara na ƙarfin haske?
A: Lambar kwandon shara (misali, H, J, K) da aka buga akan jaka tana nuna garantin mafi ƙarancin fitarwa da matsakaicin kewayon fitarwar haske na LED a ciki. Don daidaitaccen haske a cikin tsararru, ƙayyade kuma yi amfani da LED daga kwandon shara ɗaya na ƙarfi.

11: Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar mashaya matsayi na LED 4 don sauya hanyar sadarwa.Ya kamata mashaya ta nuna saurin haɗin kai (misali, 10/100/1000 Mbps) da aiki. Ta amfani da LTL-R42FTBN4D, mai ƙira zai: 1) Zaɓi LED daga kwandon shara ɗaya na ƙarfin haske (misali, Kwandon shara K) da kwandon shara na tsayin raƙuman ruwa (misali, B08) don daidaito. 2) Don samar da microcontroller na 3.3V, lissafin resistor na jere: R = (3.3V - 3.8V) / 0.02A = -25 ohms. Wannan sakamako mara kyau yana nuna 3.3V bai isa ya yi ƙarancin baya ga LED a 20mA ba. Dole ne mai ƙira ko dai ya yi amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki (kamar 5V) ko ya tuƙi LED a ƙaramin halin yanzu, yana karɓar rage haske. Tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V, resistor na 68-ohm zai haifar da kusan 17.6mA, wanda yake da aminci kuma yana ba da haske mai kyau. 3) Tabbatar ramukan PCB suna da girma don diamita jagora na 0.6mm kuma su kiyaye tsabtar gishiri-zuwa-jiki na 2mm. 4) Shirya microcontroller don haskaka LED masu dacewa dangane da matsayin hanyar sadarwa.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LED) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons daga kayan n-type suna sake haɗuwa da ramuka daga kayan p-type a cikin yanki mai aiki. Wannan tsarin sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. LTL-R42FTBN4D yana amfani da haɗin semiconductor na Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN), wanda aka ƙera don samun bandgap daidai da fitar da hasken shudi tare da kololuwa kusan 470 nanometers. Farin ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa epoxy yana rufe ƙwayar semiconductor, yana ba da kariyar injiniya, kuma yana watsa hasken da aka fitar don ƙirƙirar kusurwar kallo mai faɗi.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Kasuwannin LED ta hanyar rami, yayin da suka balaga, suna ci gaba da ganin haɓaka a cikin inganci da aminci. Trends a cikin masana'antar LED mai faɗi, kamar haɓaka kayan tare da ingantaccen ingantaccen ƙididdiga na ciki da ingantattun dabarun marufi don ingantaccen sarrafa zafi da cire haske, suna amfana da duk siffofin LED a kaikaice. Akwai tuƙi akai-akai don ƙananan ƙarfin wutar gaba da ingantaccen haske (ƙarin fitarwar haske a kowace watt na shigar da wutar lantarki). Don aikace-aikacen nuni, buƙatar daidaitaccen launi da haske (binning mai tsauri) ya kasance mai yawa, wanda aka motsa ta hanyar sarrafa kai da tsammanin inganci a cikin samfuran ƙarshe. Yayin da na'urorin LED na Surface-mount device (SMD) suka mamaye sabbin ƙira don ƙananan girmansu da dacewa don haɗawa da zaɓi da wuri mai sarrafa kansa, LED ta hanyar rami tana riƙe da muhimman kasuwanni a cikin ƙirar samfuri, kayan koyarwa, sassan gyara, da aikace-aikacen inda ƙarfin injiniya ko haɗawa da hannu ya fi dacewa.