Takardar Bayani na Fitilar LED LTL-R42FKFD - Diamita T-1 - Amber Mai Watsawa - 2.05V - 20mA - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTL-R42FKFD fitilar LED ce da aka tsara don saka ta cikin rami, an tsara ta don nuna matsayi da aikace-aikacen sigina a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban. Tana cikin dangin fakitin T-1, wanda aka siffanta shi da siffar silinda, wanda ya sa ya dace da saka PCB na yau da kullun. Na'urar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don guntun fitila na orange, wanda aka lullube shi a cikin ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai watsawa mai launin amber. Wannan watsawar tana ba da kusurwar kallo mai fadi, daidaitacce, wanda ke sa LED ta kasance mai sauƙin gani daga hanyoyi da yawa, wani muhimmin buƙatu don aikace-aikacen nuni.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da tsarinta don haɗa allon kewaye kai tsaye, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki tare da ingantaccen haske, da bin ka'idojin muhalli kamar rashin gubar da RoHS. Kasuwanninta na farko sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urorin kwamfuta, na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, da na'urorin gida inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen amsawar gani mai dorewa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaici na Cikakke

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga LED. An ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C. Matsakaicin ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na ci gaba shine 75 mW. Na yanzu na gaba na DC bai kamata ya wuce 30 mA ba a cikin aiki na yau da kullun. Don aikin bugun jini, matsakaicin na yanzu na gaba na 60 mA yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗa masu tsauri: cikakken zagayowar aiki na 10% ko ƙasa da haka kuma faɗin bugun jini bai wuce millisecond 10 ba. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -30°C zuwa +85°C kuma a adana tsakanin -40°C da +100°C. Muhimmin siga don haɗawa shine zafin gyaɗa gubar, wanda aka ƙidaya a 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5 lokacin da aka auna 2.0mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne sigogi na aiki na yau da kullun da aka auna a TA=25°C da na yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20 mA, wanda shine yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar yau da kullun na millicandelas 400 (mcd), tare da mafi ƙanƙanta na 140 mcd da matsakaicin 680 mcd. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa garanti don Iv ya haɗa da juzu'in gwaji na ±30%. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, shine digiri 65, yana nuna katako mai faɗi matsakaici.

Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, ya bambanta daga 597 nm zuwa 612 nm, yana sanya shi a cikin yankin amber/orange na bakan. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman fitarwa (λp) yawanci 611 nm ne. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci yana auna 2.05V, tare da kewayon daga 1.6V zuwa 2.4V a 20mA. Na yanzu na baya (IR) yana da ƙasa sosai, tare da matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V. An bayyana a sarari cewa ba a tsara na'urar don aikin baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don siffanta kawai ne.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Teburin Kwandon

An tsara samfurin zuwa kwanduna bisa ga sigogi biyu masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin kayan samarwa. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LEDs tare da takamaiman halaye na aiki.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

An rarraba LEDs zuwa kwanduna uku masu ƙarfi a IF=20mA: Kwandon GH (140-240 mcd), Kwandon JK (240-400 mcd), da Kwandon LM (400-680 mcd). Juzu'i na kowane iyakar kwandon shine ±30%.

3.2 Rarraba Matsakaicin Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa

Hakanan an sanya LEDs ta hanyar matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa zuwa rukuni biyar: H22 (597.0-600.0 nm), H23 (600.0-603.0 nm), H24 (603.0-606.5 nm), H25 (606.5-610.0 nm), da H26 (610.0-612.0 nm). Juzu'i na kowane iyakar kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine ±1 nm. Lambobin kwandon don duka ƙarfi da tsayin raƙuman ruwa an yiwa alama akan marufin samfurin, yana ba da damar zaɓi daidai don aikace-aikacen launi da haske masu mahimmanci.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayani tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasa na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna alaƙa tsakanin sigogi masu mahimmanci. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, tasirinsu na yau da kullun ne. Waɗannan yawanci sun haɗa da Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Hasken Dangantaka da Na Yanzu na Gaba, wanda ke nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da na yanzu, yawanci a cikin yanayin kusa da layi har sai inganci ya ragu a manyan igiyoyin ruwa. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Na Yanzu na Gaba yana nuna halayen I-V na diode mai ma'ana. Lanƙwasa Ƙarfin Hasken Dangantaka da Yanayin Yanayi yana da mahimmanci, yana nuna raguwar fitarwar haske yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi. Don LEDs na AlInGaP, wannan raguwar yana da mahimmanci. Zanen Rarraba Bakan zai nuna tattarawar hasken da aka fitar a kusa da kololuwar 611 nm tare da rabin faɗin bakan na 17 nm.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Fakitin

5.1 Girman Bayyananne

LED tana da daidaitaccen fakitin diamita T-1 (3mm). Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin millimeters (tare da daidaitattun inci), daidaitaccen juzu'i shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba, matsakaicin tsinkaya na guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm, kuma ana auna tazarar jagora inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin fakitin. Zanen jiki zai nuna ruwan tabarau na silinda, flange don zama akan PCB, da jagororin axial guda biyu.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Don LEDs masu saka ta cikin rami, polarity yawanci ana nuna shi ta tsayin jagora (jagora mafi tsayi shine anode, ko gefen tabbatacce) kuma wani lokacin ta wurin wuri mai lebur akan flange na ruwan tabarau kusa da cathode (gefen mara kyau). Daidaitaccen alkibla yana da mahimmanci saboda ƙarfin lantarki na baya sama da 5V na iya lalata na'urar.

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Haɗawa

6.1 Siffar Jagora

Idan ana buƙatar lanƙwasa jagororin don saka PCB, dole ne a yi lanƙwasa aƙalla 3mm nesa da tushen ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da tushen tsarin jagora azaman fulcrum. Dole ne a yi siffar a yanayin zafin daki kuma kafin tsarin gyaɗa don guje wa damuwa da fakitin da aka yi zafi.

6.2 Sigogi na Gyaɗa

An magance hanyoyin gyaɗa guda biyu. Don gyaɗa da hannu tare da ƙarfe: zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba, lokacin gyaɗa kowane jagora ya kamata ya zama dakika 3 matsakaici (sau ɗaya kawai), kuma wurin gyaɗa dole ne ya zama ba kusa da 2mm daga tushen ruwan tabarau na epoxy ba. Don gyaɗa da igiyar ruwa: zafin jiki na riga-kafi ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin 120°C har zuwa dakika 100, zafin jiki na igiyar gyaɗa ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin 260°C, lokacin tuntuɓar ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin dakika 5, kuma wurin tsoma baki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 2mm daga tushen ruwan tabarau ba. Muhimmanci, an bayyana gyaɗa IR reflow bai dace da wannan nau'in samfurin saka ta cikin rami ba. Yawan zafi ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawar bala'i.

6.3 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Don ajiya, yanayin bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. Ana ba da shawarar amfani da LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin fakitin shinge na danshi a cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin jakar, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Ana ba da shawarar barasa na isopropyl don tsaftacewa idan ya cancanta.

7. Bayanin Fakitin da Oda

Daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun fakitin yana da matakai: 1000, 500, 200, ko 100 guda kowace jakar shinge na danshi mara lantarki. Goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkuna an tattara su cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar guda 10,000. Sannan an tattara akwatunan ciki takwas cikin babban akwatin jigilar kaya na waje, wanda ya haifar da jimillar guda 80,000 kowace akwatin waje. Takardar bayani ta lura cewa a cikin kowane kayan jigilar kaya, kawai fakitin ƙarshe na iya zama fakitin da bai cika ba. Lambar sashi ita ce LTL-R42FKFD.

8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da La'akari da Zane

8.1 Zanen Kewaye na Tuƙi

An jaddada ƙa'ida ta asali: LEDs na'urori ne masu sarrafa na yanzu. Don tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor na iyakance na yanzu na mutum ɗaya a jere tare da kowane LED (Kewaye A). Haɗa LEDs kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors na mutum ɗaya ba (Kewaye B) ba a ƙarfafa shi saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) na kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon na yanzu kuma, saboda haka, haske. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply - VF_LED) / I_desired, inda VF_LED shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun ko matsakaici daga takardar bayani, kuma I_desired shine manufar na yanzu na gaba (misali, 20mA).

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki ko ƙaruwar wutar lantarki. Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da: ma'aikata suna sanye da madaurin wuyan hannu mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki ko safar hannu masu hana lantarki, tabbatar da cewa duk kayan aiki da saman aiki suna da tushe da kyau, da kuma amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik yayin sarrafawa.

8.3 Dacewar Aikace-aikace

Wannan LED ya dace da alamun ciki da waje, da kuma na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun. Launin amber ɗin sa yana da ganuwa sosai kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don gargaɗi, matsayi, ko dalilai na nuni.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

LTL-R42FKFD, bisa fasahar AlInGaP, yana ba da fa'idodi akan tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide). LEDs na AlInGaP gabaɗaya suna ba da ingantaccen haske mafi girma, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki, da mafi cikar launi, musamman a cikin yankunan ja, orange, da amber. Idan aka kwatanta da wasu manyan fitilun LED na zamani, wannan na'urar nau'in nuni ne mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, yana ba da fifikon aminci, sauƙin amfani, da ingancin kuɗi don nuna matsayi maimakon haske mai yawa. Tsarin sa na saka ta cikin rami yana ba da ƙarfin injiniya da sauƙi don ƙirar ƙira da samarwa idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin saka saman (SMDs) a wasu aikace-aikace.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 30mA ci gaba?

A: Duk da yake matsakaicin matsakaicin na yanzu na gaba na DC shine 30mA, daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji da wurin aiki na yau da kullun shine 20mA. Yin aiki a 30mA na iya rage rayuwa da ƙara zafin haɗin gwiwa. Koyaushe koma ga lanƙwasa raguwa kuma tabbatar da ɓarnawar wutar lantarki (Vf * If) bai wuce 75mW ba, la'akari da ainihin Vf a lokacin aikin ku.

Q: Me yasa akwai juzu'i na ±30% akan iyakokin kwandon ƙarfin haske?

A: Wannan yana lissafin bambancin ma'auni a cikin gwajin samarwa. Yana nufin LED da aka yiwa alama a cikin kwandon 240-400 mcd (JK) zai iya auna tsakanin 168 mcd da 520 mcd lokacin gwaji. Dole ne masu zane su yi la'akari da wannan yaɗuwa a cikin zanen gani.

Q: Jagororin sun yi tsayi sosai don PCB na. Zan iya yanke su kafin gyaɗa?

A: Ee, ana iya yanke jagororin. Koyaya, idan kuna buƙatar lanƙwasa su bayan haka, tabbatar da cewa wurin lanƙwasa ya kasance aƙalla 3mm daga tushen ruwan tabarau kamar yadda jagororin siffar jagora suka tanada.

Q: Ana buƙatar heatsink?

A: Don aiki na yau da kullun a 20mA a cikin iska, yawanci ba a buƙatar heatsink don LED ɗaya mai nuni. Koyaya, idan an tattara LEDs da yawa ko kuma ana aiki da su a cikin yanayi mai zafi sosai, ya kamata a yi la'akari da sarrafa zafi.

11. Misalan Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Misali na 1: Mai Nuna Wutar Lantarki akan Kayan Amfani na Mabukaci:An haɗa LTL-R42FKFD guda ɗaya a jere tare da resistor da ya dace zuwa layin dogo na 5V. An ƙididdige resistor kamar (5V - 2.05V) / 0.020A = 147.5 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 150 Ohm zai haifar da na yanzu na ~19.7mA, cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayin wutar lantarki daga kusurwoyi daban-daban a cikin daki.

Misali na 2: Mashaya Matsayi na LED-Multi akan Kayan Aikin Masana'antu:An yi amfani da LEDs biyar don nuna matakan matsayin tsarin (misali, Kashe, Tsaye, Aiki, Gargadi, Kuskure). Don tabbatar da haske iri ɗaya, kowane LED yana da nasa resistor mai iyakance na yanzu wanda aka haɗa zuwa gama gari mai tuƙi IC ko fil ɗin microcontroller. Ta amfani da bayanan kwandon, mai zane zai iya ƙayyade ƙunƙwaran kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa (misali, H24) don daidaiton launi a fadin mashaya.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LED tana aiki akan ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin kunna diode (kusan 1.6V don wannan na'urar AlInGaP), electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su a kan haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yankin aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin crystal semiconductor na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na fitowar haske—a wannan yanayin, amber/orange. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai watsawa yana kare guntuwar semiconductor kuma yana watsa hasken don ƙirƙirar kusurwar kallo mai faɗi.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Duk da yake LEDs masu saka ta cikin rami kamar LTL-R42FKFD sun kasance masu mahimmanci don aikace-aikace da yawa saboda ƙarfinsu da sauƙin haɗa hannu, babban yanayin masana'antu yana zuwa ga fakitin na'urar saka saman (SMD) don haɗawa ta atomatik, mafi girman yawa, da kuma sau da yawa mafi kyawun aikin zafi. Koyaya, abubuwan saka ta cikin rami suna riƙe da matsayi mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙirar ƙira, kayan koyarwa, yanayi mai girgiza, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haɗin gwiwar injiniya mai ƙarfi. Dangane da kayan, fasahar AlInGaP ta balaga kuma an inganta ta sosai don bakan ja-amber. Ci gaba da ci gaba yana mai da hankali kan inganta inganci (lumens kowace watt), tsawon rai, da daidaiton launi, da kuma faɗaɗawa zuwa sabbin tsarin fakitin waɗanda ke haɗa tazarar tsakanin saka ta cikin rami na al'ada da ƙirar SMD na ci gaba.