Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED Amber LTL1KH6FK - Diamita 5mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Ragewar Wutar 75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED mai diamita 5mm. An ƙera wannan kayan don nuna matsayi da siginar aiki a cikin kayan lantarki iri-iri. Ana ba da ita da launin amber, wanda aka samu ta amfani da fasahar semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, wanda ke haɓaka fitowar haske da kusurwar kallo.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da babban ƙarfin haske, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da ingantaccen aiki. Samfurin ne marar gubar wanda ya dace da umarnin RoHS, wanda ya sa ya dace da kasuwanni na duniya masu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli. Marufinsa mai yawan amfani yana ba da damar saka shi cikin sauƙi akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko fale-falen. Aikace-aikacen da ake nufi ya ƙunshi masana'antu da yawa, ciki har da kayan aikin sadarwa, kwamfutoci, kayan lantarki na masu amfani, kayan aikin gida, da sarrafa masana'antu, inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen nuna matsayi mai haske.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'aunin Fasaha

Fahimtar ma'auni na lantarki da na gani yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙirar da'ira da samun daidaitaccen aiki.

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayan su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW a yanayin zafin muhalli (TA) na 25°C. Wannan shine iyakar wutar lantarki da marufin LED zai iya fitarwa azaman zafi.
• Madaidaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IF):30 mA ci gaba.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba:60 mA, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun ≤ 10 μs).
• Rage Darajar:Dole ne a rage madaidaicin halin yanzu na gaba na DC da 0.45 mA ga kowane digiri Celsius da yanayin muhalli ya tashi sama da 30°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Igwa:Matsakaicin zafin 260°C na tsawon dakika 5, wanda aka auna a wuri mai nisan 2.0mm (0.079 inci) daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na yau da kullun na aikin da aka auna a TA=25°C da IF=20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila (Iv):Ya kasance daga 240 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 880 mcd (mafi girma), tare da ƙimar yau da kullun da aka bayar. Ana rarraba wannan ma'auni (duba Sashe na 4). Aunin yana amfani da firikwensin/tace wanda ya kusanci lankwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic. An haɗa tolerance gwajin ±15% a cikin garantin.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 75. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial (a tsakiya).
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Zangon Fitowa (λp):611 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango a mafi girman matsayi na bakan hasken da aka fitar.
• Tsawon Zangon Hasken Da Ya Fi Rinjaye (λd):Ya kasance daga 600 nm zuwa 610 nm. An samo wannan daga zanen launi na CIE kuma yana wakiltar launin da ake ganin LED. Hakanan ana rarraba wannan ma'auni.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):17 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan; ƙimar ƙaramar tana nufin haske mafi monochromatic.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):2.4V yau da kullun a 20mA. An jera mafi ƙanƙanta a matsayin 2.05V.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 100 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.Mahimmanci:Ba a ƙera wannan na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin juzu'in baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji ne don siffanta kawai.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara dangane da mahimman ma'auni.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila

An rarraba Iv zuwa lambobin kwandon shara guda biyar (J0, K0, L0, M0, N0), kowannensu yana da ƙayyadaddun iyaka mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma a IF=20mA. Tolerance na kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±15%.

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zangon Hasken Da Ya Fi Rinjaye

An rarraba λd zuwa lambobin kwandon shara guda uku (H23, H24, H25), wanda ya ƙunshi kewayon daga 600.0 nm zuwa 610.0 nm. Tolerance na kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±1 nm. An yiwa alamar takamaiman lambar kwandon shara don ƙarfi da tsawon zango akan kowace jakar tattarawa, wanda ke ba da damar zaɓin daidaitawa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito.

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayanin tana nufin lankwasan halaye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Duk da yake ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutu ba, yawanci sun haɗa da:

• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila da Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin yanayin da ba na layi ba, yana nuna mahimmancin ƙa'idar halin yanzu.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Yana kwatanta halayen I-V na diode, wanda ke da mahimmanci don lissafin ƙimar resistor da ake bi.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila da Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna mummunan haɗin gwiwar zafin jiki na fitowar haske, inda ƙarfin yake raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Zanen dangantakar ƙarfi da tsawon zango, yana nuna kololuwa a 611nm da rabin faɗin 17nm.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Siffa

LED yana da daidaitaccen marufin radial-leaded mai zagaye 5mm. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin millimeters (tare da inci a cikin baka), tolerance gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm (.010"), mafi girman resin protrusion a ƙarƙashin flange na 1.0mm (.04"), da tazarar jagora da aka auna a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga marufi. An ba da cikakken zanen girma a cikin takardar bayanin asali don daidaitaccen shimfidar PCB.

5.2 Gano Polarity

LEDs ta hanyar rami yawanci suna da mafi tsayin anode (+) jagora da wuri mai lebur ko tsaga a gefen murfin ruwan tabarau kusa da cathode (-) jagora. Koyaushe koma ga zanen takardar bayanin don takamaiman alamar polarity na wannan ɓangaren.

5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Ana tattara LEDs a cikin jakunkunan anti-static. Matsakaicin adadin kowace jaka shine 1000, 500, 200, ko 100 guda. Ana sanya jakunkuna goma a cikin akwatin ciki (misali, jimlar 10,000 pcs don jakunkuna 1000pc). Ana tattara akwatunan ciki takwas a cikin akwatin jigilar kaya na waje (misali, jimlar 80,000 pcs). Ƙarshen fakitin a cikin kayan jigilar kaya bazai zama cikakken fakitin ba.

6. Jagororin Solder, Haɗawa & Sarrafawa

Sarrafa daidai yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa da tabbatar da dogon lokacin aminci.

6.1 Ajiya

Don ajiyar dogon lokaci, muhallin bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. LEDs da aka cire daga marufinsu na asali yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don tsawaita ajiya a waje da fakitin asali, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da desiccant ko nitrogen-desiccator.

6.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan ya cancanta, tsaftace kawai tare da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol. Guji masu tsaftacewa masu tsauri ko abrasive.

6.3 Siffantar Igwa & Haɗawa

Lankwasa jagororin a wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada ka yi amfani da gindin ruwan tabarau azaman fulcrum. Dole ne a yi siffantar a yanayin zafi na ɗaki kuma kafin solder. Yayin shigar da PCB, yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa don guje wa damuwa na injiniya akan jikin epoxy.

6.4 Tsarin Solder

Kiyaye mafi ƙaramin tazara na 2mm tsakanin wurin solder da gindin ruwan tabarau. Kada a taɓa nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin solder.

• Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C. Matsakaicin lokacin solder dakika 3 a kowace jagora (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Solder Wave:Matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin dumama 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na igiyar ruwan solder 260°C har zuwa dakika 5. Matsayin tsoma dole ne ya zama ba ƙasa da 2mm daga tushen kwan fitila na epoxy.
• Bayanan Kula Mai Muhimmanci:Solder na sake kunnawa na Infrared (IR) BAI dace da wannan samfurin LED ta hanyar rami ba. Yawan zafi ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawar bala'i.

6.5 Kariya daga Fitowar Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LEDs suna da hankali ga wutar lantarki. Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da: amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu ƙasa ko safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki; tabbatar duk kayan aiki, teburin aiki, da rumfunan ajiya suna da ƙasa daidai; da kuma amfani da busar ion don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik. An ba da shawarar jerin ayyuka na horo da wurin aiki don kiyaye yanayin ESD mai aminci.

7. Shawarwarin Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, yana dakyakkyawar shawaradon amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED (Samfurin Da'ira A). Tuƙi LEDs a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki (Samfurin Da'ira B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) tsakanin LEDs ɗaya zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin halin yanzu, saboda haka, haske.

7.2 Lissafin Resistan da Ake Bi

Ƙimar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu (R_s) ana lissafta shi ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R_s= (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F. Misali, tare da wadata 5V, V na yau da kullun_Fna 2.4V, da kuma I da ake so_Fna 20mA: R_s= (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ω. Darajar wutar lantarki na resistor yakamata ta zama aƙalla P = I_F²* R_s= (0.020)²* 130 = 0.052W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor 1/8W (0.125W) ya isa.

7.3 Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake ragewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, dole ne a mutunta lankwasa rage darajar a cikin aikace-aikacen yanayin zafi mai girma. Wucewa mafi girman zafin haɗin gwiwa zai hanzarta raguwar lumen da rage rayuwar aiki. Tabbatar da isasshen iskar iska idan LED yana aiki a ko kusa da mafi girman ƙimar halin yanzu a cikin ƙuntataccen sarari.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED Amber na AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban fiye da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide). AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da haske mai haske da mafi daidaitaccen fitowar haske a cikin yanayin zafi mai faɗi. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta, sabanin ruwan tabarau mai watsewa ko launi, yana haɓaka fitowar haske kuma yana haifar da ingantaccen tsari, tsattsauran tsarin katako tare da ƙayyadaddun kusurwar kallo na digiri 75, wanda ya sa ya dace da alamomin panel inda hasken da aka nufa yana da amfani.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

.1 Can I drive this LED without a series resistor?

No.Aiki da LED kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki ana hana shi sosai kuma zai iya lalata na'urar saboda kwararar halin yanzu mara sarrafawa. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ba shi da ƙayyadaddun bakin kofa amma lankwasa halaye. Ƙananan ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki bayan VF na yau da kullun na iya haifar da babban, lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu.

9.2 Menene Bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa da Wanda Ya Fi Rinjaye?

Tsawon Zango Mai Kololuwa (λp)shine tsawon zango na zahiri a mafi girman matsayi na ƙarfi akan lankwasan fitarwa na bakan.Tsawon Zangon Hasken Da Ya Fi Rinjaye (λd)ƙima ce da aka lissafta dangane da fahimtar launin ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) wanda ya fi dacewa da launin da ake gani. Don tushen monochromatic kamar wannan LED Amber, sau da yawa suna kusa, amma λd shine mafi dacewa ma'auni don ƙayyadaddun launi.

9.3 Shin Zan Iya Amfani da Wannan LED don Aikace-aikacen Waje?

Takardar bayanin ta ce ta dace da alamun ciki da waje. Duk da haka, don munanan yanayin waje tare da tsawaita bayyanar da radiation na UV, danshi, da matsanancin yanayin zafi, ana buƙatar ƙarin la'akari da ƙira, kamar suturar PCB da tabbatar da cewa yanayin aiki ya kasance cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

9.4 Me Ya Sa Akwai Tsarin Rarrabawa?

Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin aiki tsakanin LEDs ɗaya. Rarrabawa yana rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi tare da ma'auni masu sarrafa ƙarfi (ƙarfi, launi). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kwandon shara waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun daidaiton su, musamman mahimmanci a cikin tsararrun LED da yawa ko nunin.

10. Nazarin Ƙirar Aiki

Yanayi:Ƙirar panel iko tare da alamun matsayi na amber guda 10 masu daidaito waɗanda aka kunna daga layin dogo na 12V.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Zaɓin Halin Yanzu:Zaɓi halin yanzu na tuƙi. 20mA shine daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji kuma yana ba da haske mai kyau.
2. Lissafin Resistan:Don wadata 12V da VF na yau da kullun na 2.4V: R_s= (12V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 480 Ω. Mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen shine 470 Ω. Sake lissafin ainihin halin yanzu: I_F= (12V - 2.4V) / 470Ω ≈ 20.4 mA (mai karɓuwa).
3. Darajar Wutar Lantarki: P_resistan= (0.0204A)²* 470Ω ≈ 0.195W. Yi amfani da resistor 1/4W (0.25W) don tazarar aminci.
4. Rarrabawa don Daidaito:Ƙayyade takamaiman kwandon shara guda ɗaya, ƙunƙuntaccen ƙarfi (misali, M0: 520-680 mcd) da kwandon shara guda ɗaya na tsawon zango (misali, H24: 603.0-606.5 nm) lokacin yin oda don tabbatar duk alamomi 10 suna kama da juna.
5. Shimfidawa:Sanya resistors akan shimfidar PCB, kiyaye mafi ƙaramin nisa na solder-zuwa-jiki na 2mm. Tabbatar da polarity na kowane LED yana daidai daidai.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED diode ne na semiconductor wanda ya dogara da kayan AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na halayensa (VF), electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na semiconductor, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin yadudduka na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, a wannan yanayin, amber (~610 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana ɗauke da guntuwar semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, kuma yana siffanta hasken da aka fitar zuwa ƙayyadaddun kusurwar kallo.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Duk da yake na'urorin LED na Surface-mount device (SMD) sun mamaye zamani na zamani na lantarki mai girma, LEDs ta hanyar rami kamar wannan sun kasance masu dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfi, sauƙin haɗawa da hannu, gyara, ko babban haske na mutum ɗaya daga tushen wuri ɗaya. Trend na fasaha a cikin LEDs ta hanyar rami yana ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ingantaccen haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace watt), inganta daidaiton launi ta hanyar rarrabawa mai ci gaba, da haɓaka aminci ta hanyar ingantattun kayan marufi. Canji zuwa mafi ingantaccen kayan semiconductor kamar AlInGaP akan tsofaffin fasahohi shine misali bayyananne na wannan ci gaba.