Takaddun Fasaha na Fitilar LED T-1 3mm ta cikin Rami - Shudi & Ja tare da Mai Watsa Fari - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.9V/1.9V - Ƙarfin Wuta 70mW/52mW

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayanai game da takamaiman fitilar LED ta cikin rami mai nuni. Ana samar da wannan na'urar a cikin gunkin T-1 (3mm) da aka saba amfani da shi, kuma ana siffanta ta da hadewar guntun LED shudi ko ja tare da ruwan tabarau mai watsa fari. Wannan zane na nufin samar da fitilar haske mai daidaito, wadda ta dace don nuna matsayi a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Musamman

Babban fa'idodin wannan fitilar LED sun hada da karancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantacciyar aiki, wanda ya sa ta dace da zane-zanen da ke amfani da baturi ko masu kula da makamashi. An gina ta da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma ta bi ka'idojin muhalli na RoHS. Siffar T-1 ita ce daidaitaccen ma'auni a masana'antar, wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa da tsarin PCB da ayyukan masana'antu da suka wanzu. Hadewar ruwan tabarau mai watsa fari a kan guntun mai launi yana taimakawa wajen sassauta da yada hasken, yana rage haske mai tsanani da samar da alamar nuni mai kyau.

1.2 Aikace-aikace da Kasuwannin da Ake Nufi

An tsara wannan kayan don nuna matsayi na gaba daya. Yankunan aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su sun hada da kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, na'urorin hanyar sadarwa, modem), na'urorin kwamfuta, na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, da na'urorin gida. Amintacciyar inganci da saukin zanen cikin rami sun sa ta zama zabin da aka saba yi don aikace-aikacen da ke bukatar bayyanannen amsa na gani mai dorewa.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani, mai ma'ana game da muhimman ma'auni na lantarki, haske, da zafin jiki wadanda ke ayyana iyakar aikin na'urar.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsayi

Wadannan matsayi sun ayyana iyakokin damuwa wadanda idan aka wuce su, na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Rushewar Wuta (Pd):Shudi: 70 mW, Ja: 52 mW. Wannan ma'auni, wanda ya dogara da fasahar guntu, yana bayyana matsakaicin zafin jiki da gunkin zai iya jurewa a yanayin zafi na 25°C.
• Halin Gaba na Lantarki:Matsakaicin halin gaba na DC na ci gaba shine 20 mA ga dukkan launuka. Matsakaicin halin gaba na kololuwa na 60 mA yana yiwuwa a karkashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, fadin bugun ≤ 10 µs).
• Yankunan Zafin Jiki:Yankunan zafin jiki na aiki shine daga -30°C zuwa +85°C. Yankin ajiya ya fi fadi, daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder:Za a iya jure wa igiyoyin 260°C na tsawon dakika 5 a iyaka idan aka auna 2.0mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Haske

Wadannan su ne matsakaicin ma'auni na aiki da aka auna a karkashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (TA=25°C, IF=5 mA sai dai idan an lura).

• Ƙarfin Haske (Iv):Ma'auni mai mahimmanci don haske. Ga LED Shudi, matsakaicin ƙarfi shine 110 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta 38, mafi girma 310). Ga LED Ja, yana da girma sosai a 495 mcd na yau da kullun (mafi ƙanƙanta 110, mafi girma 880). Faɗin iyakoki na min-max yana nuna buƙatar rarrabuwa, wanda za a tattauna daga baya.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):An ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial. Duk nau'ikan Shudi da Ja suna da matsakaicin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 45, wanda ke da faɗi matsakaici, wanda ruwan tabarau mai watsawa ke taimakawa.
• Tsawon Zango:LED Shudi yana da matsakaicin tsayin zango mai rinjaye (λd) na 471 nm (kewayon 465-478 nm) da tsayin zango mafi girma (λp) na 468 nm. LED Ja yana da λd na 624 nm (kewayon 617-632 nm) da λp na 632 nm.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Shudi: 3.6V na yau da kullun (kewayon 2.9-3.6V). Ja: 2.7V na yau da kullun (kewayon 1.9-2.7V). Wannan bambancewar yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar da'ira, musamman lokacin tuƙi LED masu launuka daban-daban a layi daya.
• Halin Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 100 µA a VR=5V. Takaddun bayanan ya bayyana a sarari cewa ba a tsara na'urar don aikin baya ba; wannan gwajin don siffanta kawai ne.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunin aiki. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da manyan ma'auni guda biyu na rarrabuwa.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Haske

Ana rarraba LED bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 5 mA. Akwai teburori daban-daban na rarrabuwa don LED Shudi da Ja, kowannensu yana da lambobi na haruffa (misali, BC, DE, FG don Shudi; FG, HJ, KL don Ja). Kowane rukuni yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarfi mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girma. Misali, LED Shudi a cikin rukunin \"FG\" zai sami ƙarfi tsakanin 110 zuwa 180 mcd. Ana amfani da jurewar ±15% ga kowane iyakar rukuni.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye

Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta tsayin zangon launi mai rinjaye. Duk LED Shudi an haɗa su cikin rukuni ɗaya \"1\" wanda ya ƙunshi 465-478 nm. LED Ja an haɗa su cikin rukuni \"2\" wanda ya ƙunshi 617-632 nm. Jurewar iyakokin rukunin tsawon zango yana da matsi ±1 nm, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan daidaiton launi a cikin kowane rukuni.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da PDF ke nuni ga lanƙwasa na yau da kullun, bincikensu ya dogara ne akan halayen LED na yau da kullun. Lanƙwasa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) da halin gaba (IF) zai nuna alaƙar ma'auni, tare da LED Ja yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki fiye da LED Shudi. Lanƙwasa ƙarfin haske da halin gaba gabaɗaya yana da layi a cikin kewayon aiki na al'ada amma zai cika a manyan halaye. Lanƙwasa ƙarfi da zafin yanayi zai nuna ma'auni mara kyau, ma'ana fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu. Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan zai nuna kololuwa guda a kusa da ƙayyadaddun λp don kowane launi, tare da LED Shudi yana da faɗin rabin faɗin bakan (Δλ na 25 nm) idan aka kwatanta da LED Ja (Δλ na 20 nm).

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

5.1 Girman Bayani

Na'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen gunkin LED mai zagaye T-1 (3mm). Manyan girma sun haɗa da diamita na ruwan tabarau, tsayin gaba ɗaya, da tazarar jagora. Ana auna tazarar jagora a inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin fakiti. Ana jurewa yawanci ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade. Bayanin yana nuna cewa resin da ta fito a ƙarƙashin flange shine matsakaicin 1.0mm.

5.2 Gano Polarity

LED na cikin rami yawanci suna amfani da tsayin jagora ko wuri mai lebur a kan flange na ruwan tabarau don nuna cathode (jagora mara kyau). Jagoran da ya fi tsayi yawanci shine anode (+). Dole ne masu zane su tuntubi samfurin zahiri ko zane mai zurfi don alamar polarity ta musamman.

6. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci ga amincin aiki.

6.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Don ajiya na dogon lokaci a waje da marufi na asali, ana ba da shawarar yanayin da bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Don tsawon lokaci, ana ba da shawarar ajiya a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen.

6.2 Siffar Jagora

Dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED don guje wa damuwa akan haɗin guntun ciki. Kada a yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora azaman fulcrum. Dole ne a yi siffar a zafin jiki na daki kuma kafin aikin solder.

6.3 Tsarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin wurin solder da gindin ruwan tabarau. Dole ne a guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin solder.

• Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokaci dakika 3 kowace jagora.
• Solder Wave:Yi pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na igiyar solder 260°C, matsakaicin lokacin tuntuɓar dakika 5. Matsayin tsoma dole ne ya zama ba ƙasa da 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau.
• Lura Mai Muhimmanci:An bayyana cewa Infrared (IR) reflow soldering bai dace da wannan nau'in LED na cikin rami ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar bala'i.

6.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan ya cancanta, kawai dole ne a yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol don tsaftacewa.

7. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

Tsarin tattarawa na yau da kullun shine: 500, 200, ko 100 guda a kowace jakar anti-static. Ana sanya goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkin a cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar 5,000 guda. Ana tattara akwatuna takwas na ciki a cikin akwatin jigilar waje, wanda ya haifar da 40,000 guda a kowace akwatin waje. Bayanin ya bayyana cewa a cikin kowane yawan jigilar kaya, kawai marufi na ƙarshe ne kawai ba zai iya zama cikakken fakiti ba.

8. Shawarwarin Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'ira Mai Tuƙi

LED na'urori ne masu tuƙi na halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED (Da'ira A a cikin takaddun bayanan). Ana hana tuƙi LED da yawa a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki tare da resistor ɗaya da aka raba (Da'ira B), saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) tsakanin LED ɗaiɗaikun zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halin yanzu, sabili da haka, haske.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

Waɗannan LED suna da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki. Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da: amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu da tashoshin aiki masu ƙasa; yin amfani da ionizers don kawar da cajin tsaye akan ruwan tabarau na filastik; da tabbatar da cewa duk kayan aikin sarrafawa suna da ƙasa da kyau. An ba da shawarar mayar da hankali kan horar da ma'aikata da takaddun shaida don sarrafa na'urori masu mahimmanci na ESD.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Babban siffa na banbance-banbance na wannan samfur shine amfani da guntun LED mai launi (shudi ko ja) tare da ruwan tabarau mai watsa fari. Wannan ya bambanta da daidaitattun LED waɗanda ke amfani da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ko mai launi wanda ya dace da launin guntu. Mai watsa fari yana ba da tsarin haske mai daidaito, mai laushi, kuma mai yuwuwar faɗi, wanda zai iya zama mafi dacewa don alamomin gaban allon inda \"wurin zafi\" na launi mai ƙarfi ba a so. Ma'auni na lantarki suna daidaitattun ga LED masu nuni na cikin rami na wannan girman.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 20mA ci gaba?

A: E, 20mA shine ƙimar halin gaba na DC na ci gaba. Koyaya, don mafi tsawon rayuwa da ƙarancin zafin jiki na haɗuwa, tuƙi a ƙaramin halin yanzu kamar 10mA ko 5mA yakan isa don dalilai na nuni.

Q: Me yasa ƙarfin lantarki na gaba ya bambanta ga Shudi da Ja?

A: Wannan ya samo asali ne daga ainihin ilimin lantarki na semiconductor. LED Shudi yawanci ana yin su ne daga Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) wanda ke da ƙarfin bandgap mafi girma, wanda ke haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma. LED Ja ana yin su ne daga Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) ko makamantansu tare da ƙaramin bandgap kuma don haka ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki.

Q: Wane darajar resistor yakamata in yi amfani da shi don samar da 5V?

A: Amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply - VF_LED) / I_LED. Don LED Shudi (VF=3.6V) a 5mA: R = (5 - 3.6) / 0.005 = 280 Ohms. Don LED Ja (VF=2.7V) a 5mA: R = (5 - 2.7) / 0.005 = 460 Ohms. Koyaushe yi amfani da mafi kusancin ƙimar resistor na yau da kullun kuma yi la'akari da ƙimar wutar lantarki.

11. Ƙirar Aiki da Amfani da Harka

Halin: Zana allon nuna matsayi da yawa don sauya hanyar sadarwa.Mai zane zai iya amfani da LED Shudi don nuna \"Kunna Wuta/Aiki na Tsarin\" da LED Ja don nuna \"Laifin Hanyar Sadarwa\". Saboda mai watsa fari, duk alamomin biyu za su sami kamanceceniya, siffa mai laushi daga gaban allon, ko da yake launukan fitar da haske sun bambanta. Dole ne mai zane ya yi amfani da resistors daban-daban masu iyakance halin yanzu don kowane LED saboda bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 45 tana tabbatar da cewa ana iya ganin matsayin daga kusurwoyi da yawa a cikin na'urar da aka ɗora a cikin rack. Ƙirar cikin rami tana ba da damar haɗin injiniya mai ƙarfi zuwa PCB, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga kayan aikin da za a iya samun girgiza yayin jigilar kaya ko aiki.

12. Gabatarwa da Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LED) na'urori ne na semiconductor waɗanda ke fitar da haske ta hanyar electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a kan haɗin p-n, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launi (tsawon zango) na fitar da haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin wannan na'urar, hasken farko daga guntu yana wucewa ta ruwan tabarau na epoxy wanda ke ɗauke da barbashi masu watsawa. Waɗannan barbashi suna watsa hasken, suna karya katako kai tsaye kuma suna haifar da tsarin fitarwa mafi daidaito, mafi faɗi, da ƙasa da haske kamar yadda mai amfani ya gani.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Kasuwataccen LED mai nuni na cikin rami ya balaga. Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED masu nuni yana zuwa ga ingantacciyar inganci (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace mA), ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da ingantaccen aminci. Yayin da na'urorin LED na Surface-mount device (SMD) suka mamaye sabbin ƙira don ƙananan girmansu da dacewa da haɗa kai ta atomatik, LED na cikin rami sun kasance masu dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma, sauƙin ƙirar ƙira ta hannu, ko dacewa da tsare-tsaren gado da suka wanzu. Amfani da ruwan tabarau masu watsawa don inganta ingancin gani, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan samfur, hanya ce ta gama gari don haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani ba tare da canza ainihin fasahar fakiti ba.